机关应用文写作一

施工组织概预算

BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy. 　　"Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy. 　　"Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year. 　　"Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

株洲400度近视手术的眼科

Mongolian Prime Minister Sanj Bayar (R), also head of the ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party(MPRP), shakes hand with Wang Jiarui, head of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee, in Ulan Bator, Mongolia, Dec.19, 2008. Wang Jiarui heads a delegation of the Communist Party of China to pay a 4-days friendly visit to Mongolia.     ULAN BATOR, Dec. 19 (Xinhua) -- Mongolian President Nambaryn Enkhbayar and Prime Minister Sanj Bayar on Friday met with Wang Jiarui, head of the International Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (CPC) to discuss bilateral ties.     During the meeting, Enkhbayar spoke highly of the current Chinese-Mongolian good-neighbor partnership of mutual trust.     Bilateral cooperation has developed fast in various fields in recent years, said the president, adding that there is great potential for the two to develop cooperation in trade and other economic areas in Mongolia. Mongolia's President Nambariin Enkhbayar (R) shakes hand with Wang Jiarui, head of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee, in Ulan Bator, Mongolia, Dec.19, 2008.     Talking about the current financial crisis, Enkhbayar said "the measures taken by China to tide over the current financial crisis are proper and Mongolia hopes to work together with China to minimize the impact of the crisis on the countries."     Prime Minister Sanj Bayar, who serves as chairman of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), referred to relations with China as a top priority of Mongolia's foreign policy, adding that ties between MPRP and CPC is of great importance to bilateral relations.     The prime minister also vowed that his country would adhere to one-China policy and support China's stance on Taiwan and Tibet issues. Mongolian deputy prime minister Miyeegombo Enkhbold (L), shakes hand with Wang Jiarui, head of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee, in Ulan Bator, Mongolia, Dec.19, 2008.     Wang Jiarui briefed the Mongolian leaders on the current political and economic situations in China, saying the development of bilateral ties and cooperation have brought "concrete benefit" to the two peoples.     The CPC is willing to further enhance relations with the MPRP, Wang said, adding that the CPC and the Chinese government will unswervingly develop relations with Mongolia in a sound, stable way.     Wang Jiarui arrived in Mongolia on Friday morning.

BEIJING, Jan. 25 (Xinhua) -- Many Chinese received a smaller bonus this year because of the global financial crisis and decided to tighten their belts - but they still let their hair down for the traditional Spring Festival.     The freezing weather and slowdown in economic growth did not affect Chinese people's festivities, with supermarkets and shopping malls crowded with shoppers seeking goods for the Spring Festival celebration.     Even dairy products, which have experienced shrinking sales because of the melamine scandal, were selling.     Milk powder products of domestic brands have reappeared on the shelves, a Xinhua reporter found in Wal-Mart at Xuanwumen, Beijing.     "This is the safest period for dairy products as the government has intensified quality supervision and inspection after the scandal," said saleswoman Qiao Xinhong.     Many Chinese people like to buy boxed milk or yogurt for family reunions or as gifts to friends and relatives during the holiday.     Dairy products, however, were only one part of people's shopping list, and snacks with wider varieties, clothes, jewellery and home appliances were also popular.     The week-long Spring Festival holiday, which starts from Sunday, is China's closest equivalent to the West's Christmas shopping season.     According to the Ministry of Commerce, sales at the country's major retailers on Thursday were 2.4 times as much as that on December 31.     China's real retail sales growth in December accelerated 0.8 percentage points from November to 17.4 percent, according to figures released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) Thursday.     Retail sales jumped by 21.6 percent last year to 10.8 trillion yuan (1.6 trillion U.S. dollars), which was 4.8 percentage points higher than 2007.     The booming Chinese market has become more attractive to foreign retail giants, who have suffered from weak demand caused by the global financial crisis.     "Although the global financial crisis has weighed on China's economy, the fundamental of the country's economy remains unchanged and we are very optimistic about the prospects for the Chinese market," Britain's largest retailer Tesco told Xinhua in an email.     Sales in the rural market, which is believed to have the great potential to boost domestic demand, has reported month-on-month increases since May. November retail sales in rural areas rose 18.3 percent, 8.2 percentage points higher compared with the same period of 2007 and for the first time surpassed urban consumption growth.     Wei Wanqian, a farmer in eastern China's Shandong Province, was busy with the last-minute preparations to celebrate the Spring Festival. He bought a new tractor earlier this month.     "Boosting domestic demand should be the government's major taskof economic work," said Zuo Xiaolei, senior analyst at the Beijing-based Galaxy Securities.     "Effective boosting measures along with the improvement of social security system will accelerate the consumption growth by two to three percentage points this year," Zuo said.     The State Council, or the Cabinet, has taken an array of measures to enhance domestic consumption. These included improving the rural distribution network, promoting the subsidized home appliance program and boosting festival consumption.     More detailed measures would come out in March during the delivery of the government work report, sources said.     Although the impacts of global financial crisis were still unfolding, some positive signs surfaced in December economic date, officials and analysts have said. These included the figures on money supply, consumption and industrial output.     Whether the "positive changes" represented a trend was unclear, NBS director Ma Jiantang said.

BEIJING, Nov. 6 (Xinhua) -- The Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) on Thursday signed an agreement with Central Huijin Co., an investment arm of the government, for a 130-billion-yuan (19 billion U.S. dollars) capital injection in preparation for an eventual stock listing.     Xiang Junbo, the state-owned bank's president, said the injection would boost the bank's capital base, improve its financial status and enhance its profitability.     After the injection, Central Huijin and the Ministry of Finance each will have half of the bank's ownership.     Lou Jiwei, head of Central Huijin's board of directors, said the company would help ABC improve its corporate governance to make it a modern commercial bank with global competitiveness.     According to Xiang, ABC's profit grew 35 percent year-on-year to 98 billion yuan in the first three quarters. As of Sept. 30, deposits totaled 5.9 trillion yuan and loans 3.97 trillion yuan, rising by 690 billion yuan and 300 billion yuan, respectively, from a year earlier. The Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) on Thursday signed an agreement with Central Huijin Co., an investment arm of the government, for a 130-billion-yuan (19 billion U.S. dollars) capital injection in preparation for an eventual stock listing    Of the loans, 1.39 trillion yuan went to agriculture-related projects, up 120 billion yuan year-on-year.     Xiang said one of the bank's major tasks after the capital injection would be to develop its rural network and increase agricultural lending.     The State Council, or the Cabinet, approved ABC's shareholding reform plan on Oct. 21.

株洲青光眼的手术费用

BEIJING, Oct. 22 (Xinhua) - Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and visiting Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen on Wednesday agreed to establish comprehensive strategic partnership between the two nations.     Wen told Rasmussen during their talks that both sides shared strong desire to lift the level of the bilateral mutually-beneficial cooperation, since the Sino-Danish relations had become more mature after experiencing 58 years' development.     Denmark was one of the first western nations to recognize the People's Republic of China, and the two peoples enjoyed profound friendship, Wen noted.     China applauded Denmark's adherence to one-China policy, and was ready to work with the country to increase mutual trust, expand cooperation in science, technology, environmental protection, energy, innovation, culture and other areas, he said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (3rd L back) and Denish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen (2nd L back) attend the signing ceremony between the two countries in Beijing, capital of China, Oct. 22, 2008    The premier hoped that the two nations would improve their capacity of promoting economic growth and resisting risks through the increase of bilateral cooperation.     China paid high attention to the 15th Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Copenhagen next year, Wen said, noting that China would, in line with the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, make efforts to push forward related international cooperation in this area to achieve positive progress.     Rasmussen said Denmark attached great importance to building the comprehensive strategic partnership with China, and hoped to enhance the bilateral cooperation in environment, renewable energy resources, education, research and other fields.     Denmark was ready to strengthen cooperation with China to jointly safeguard the stability of the international financial market, the prime minister said.     The country would also increase cooperation with China in response to climate change, he noted.     The two nations signed documents to enhance bilateral cooperation in climate change, renewable energy resources, science, technology and innovation. The two prime ministers attended the signing ceremony of the agreements.     Rasmussen was here for a six-day official visit to China and for the seventh Asia-Europe Meeting scheduled for Oct. 24-25.

BEIJING, Dec. 13 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao returned to Beijing Saturday night from a trilateral summit between China, Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK).     In a half-day meeting in Japan's Fukuoka, Wen, his Japanese counterpart Taro Aso and ROK President Lee Myung-bak discussed trilateral ties, the ongoing global financial crisis and other issues of common concern.     Before the meeting, Wen met Lee and Aso respectively, and discussed bilateral relations with them.     They issued a joint statement on tripartite partnership relations after the meeting.

株洲眼睛胬肉手术怎么做

KUWAIT CITY, Dec. 28 (Xinhua) -- China vowed here on Sunday to further its pragmatic cooperation with Kuwait in the various fields in a bid to step up the bilateral relations to a higher level.     In his meeting with Emir of Kuwait Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, visiting Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang called on the two sides to promote high-level exchange based on equality and mutual benefit, political mutual trust as well as cooperation on trade.     China highly values its ties with Kuwait and the two nations have offered mutual understanding and support on issues with the irrespective key concern, Li said.     Li also said that China is ready to strengthen cooperation with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) which plays a very important role in the Gulf region.     The dialogue mechanism with GCC would launch next year and the negotiation on a free trade area has entered into a critical phase, Li said, expressing his belief that Kuwait would continue to play a significant role to boost China-GCC relationship. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang(R,front) visits the operation center of Kuwait's third mobile telephony network contracted to build by China's Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. in Kuwait City, Dec. 28, 2008.     Echoing Li's views, Emir Al-Sabah highlighted the growth of cooperation between the two nations such as economics and trade, promising that the country would continue to push forward the bilateral relations.     Emir Al-Sabah also expressed his appreciation to China's efforts on the Middle East issue and willingness to, as a GCC member, work with China to safeguard the regional peace and stability.     Li pays the visit to Kuwait at the invitation of Kuwaiti First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense Sheikh Jaber MubarakAl-Hamad Al-Sabah.     Kuwait is the final leg of Li's 11-day overseas visit, his first foreign visit since he took office as vice premier in March, which has already taken him to Indonesia and Egypt. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang(R) visits the operation center of Kuwait's third mobile telephony network contracted to build by China's Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. in Kuwait City, Dec. 28, 2008.     According to official statistics, China and Kuwait renewed their record of bilateral trade volume in 2007 with 3.6 billion U.S. dollars, a 30 percent growth compared with that of 2006.     China imported 2.3 billion dollars worth of goods from Kuwait in 2007, with 90 percent of oil products, while only exporting 1.3billion dollars of goods to Kuwait.

BEIJING, Dec. 17 (Xinhua) -- Senior Party leader Zhou Yongkang Wednesday asked all law enforcement organs to maintain social stability through careful work at the grassroots level.     It will be an important task for all law enforcement organs to create a peaceful social environment next year to welcome the 60thanniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, said Zhou, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, at a conference of law enforcement officials nationwide.     Law enforcement organs should try their best to find out and properly solve the problems at the grassroots level so as to prevent mass incidents from happening, he said.     He also asked them to prevent and crack down upon serious crimes that threatened people's life and property.     Law enforcement organs should also contribute to the country's economic work through effective implementation of laws, he said.     They were asked to effectively handle cases of violation of economic laws and work to maintain the market order.     Next year the country will push forwards the reform on its judicial system, such as to improve supervision on law enforcement organs, Zhou said. He vowed to fight corruption in law enforcement organs.