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As Beijing's migrant population continues to grow, some experts believe the decades-old hukou system is outmoded and broken. A migrant worker walks past a row of new property buildings in Beijing April 4, 2007. As Beijing's migrant population continues to grow, some experts believe the decades-old hukou system is outmoded and broken. [Reuters]The policy requires migrants to get temporary permits, or the much harder to obtain hukou, once they move to the city. These days, a growing number of those who relocate to find better jobs in Beijing tend to stay longer or even resettle with their entire families, according to a study by the Renmin University of China. The investigation revealed that this "floating population" in Beijing, currently at 3.57 million, stays an average of 4.8 years in the city. In addition, over 51 percent of those remain for more than five years while over 41 percent bring the whole family. "It is getting trendier for them to come and reside with the whole family," said Zhai Zhenwu, dean of the School of Social and Population Science. Representing 23 percent of local residents, most migrants live in the nearby suburban areas and villages within downtown. The thriving low-skilled labor market in Beijing has been a major source of jobs for unskilled migrants. Zhai said the most basic jobs in the city offer higher wages that far exceed what migrants would have earned in rural areas. But city life also means a poor quality of life and inadequate social services. For example, statistics show that the urban per capita disposable income in Beijing is five times more than the average in rural areas of neighboring Hebei Province and 6.7 times more than that in Anhui Province. China's hukou system, established in the 1950s, divided the Chinese into two categories: rural and non-rural households. The policy was established to control population migration, largely from rural to urban areas. Under the policy, rural people are not granted social security in cities and are restricted from receiving public services such as education, medical care, housing and employment. On the other hand, their urban compatriots have no access to farmland in the countryside. For years, non-rural residency, especially in cities like Beijing and Shanghai, has been a difficult goal for outsiders, particularly rural migrant workers. According to Zhang Chewei, vice-president of the Research Institute of Population Science at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, the system needs work. He referred to the "unfair treatment in social recourses and justice, also it hinders market development in both rural and urban areas." For example, each migrant worker must fork over 20,000 to 30,000 yuan (,597 to ,896) for a child to enrol in a local primary or middle school. And they're often turned down if they try to buy affordable homes in urban areas. It is estimated that more than 120 million rural workers live in cities throughout China. "Hukou has played a significant role as basic data provider and identification registration in certain historical periods, but it has become neither scientific nor rational," Zhang said. Reform of the hukou system began in 1992, but the policy remains complicated and unfair for many. Last month, the Ministry of Public Security said the country will reform the system, but did not offer any details. Yu Lingyun, a professor with the Law School of Tsinghua University, called for the system to be abolished. "It is not hukou that has robbed the social welfare of the 'floating population,' but the discriminating system itself, and most fundamentally the limited public finance," Yu told China Daily yesterday. "If not for the hukou system, schools can find other reasons to decline a rural student," he said. "Under current conditions, at least we should not bear any prejudice against them," he said.  

Chengdu - The mention of twice-cooked pork, pickled vegetables and hot pot is guaranteed to whet the appetite of any gourmet visiting Sichuan Province.But a report released by the Sichuan provincial disease control and prevention center may make them think twice before tucking into such delicacies.According to the Report on Sichuan Residents' Nutrition and Health, around 10 million of the 87 million Sichuanese suffer from hypertension.Deng Ying, a leading official at the center, said that the problem is a result of the high levels of cholesterol in the hot pot dishes popular with local people.In addition, the average Sichuan resident's salt intake is 10 g a day, 4 g more than the amount recommended by doctors, Deng said.Li Ping, a doctor at the Sichuan No 5 Hospital in Chengdu, added: "Sichuan people like salty food. For example, pickled vegetables are a regular accompaniment to many families' meals."The latest investigation into the causes of death of Sichuan people, conducted two years ago, showed that chronic lung, cerebrovascular and heart diseases are the biggest culprits."Cerebrovascular and heart diseases are related to hypertension. If high blood pressure is not effectively controlled, it can result in cerebrovascular and heart problems," Deng said.The center's investigation also found that about 2.5 million people in Sichuan are diabetic."The higher a family's income, the higher the incidence of diabetes," Deng said.She attributed the problem to a change in diet. "Most people like eating meat rather than potatoes," she said.According to an investigation in 1992, the average Sichuan person ate 186 g of potatoes a day. But the daily intake has now dropped to 73.9 g, while the daily intake of meat has risen from 63.8 g in 1992 to 91.6 g.The average national meat intake is 78.6 g a day, Deng said.Many hypertension and diabetes sufferers are elderly urban residents."Older people know less about the right way to eat. They usually consider meat as good food," said Huang Suzhen, a chef in Chengdu.But the provincial disease control and prevention center found that most people below 40 are indifferent to the idea of changing their eating habits to prevent chronic diseases. Almost all those who consider chronic diseases problematic are above 50 and have already contracted such diseases."Many young people do not care about the right diet. They think they will be healthier if they eat more meat," Huang said.According to Deng, many young people did not know they were suffering from hypertension when the center conducted the investigation.Deng suggested people eat more potatoes, fruit and vegetables, take a proper amount of meat, milk and eggs, take less salt and quit smoking. "Taking more exercise is also important," she said.The investigation by Deng's center is the largest probe into the province's nutrition and health situation.The study, launched five years ago, is part of the fourth national nutrition and health investigation sponsored by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Bureau of Statistics.

China's quality watchdog cracked 23,000 cases of fake and low-quality food from December 2006 to May 2007, involving 200 million yuan (26 million U.S. dollars). A total of 180 food manufacturers were shut down during the six months for making substandard food or using unedible materials for food production, said Han Yi, a senior official with the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, at a press conference on Tuesday. The administration launched the nationwide fight against illegal food production and processing in December last year, mainly targeting food makers in the countryside and food for everyday consumption, including baby milk powder, rice, wheat powder and meat products. In 2006, China's industrial and commercial authorities ferreted out 68,000 fake food cases and withdrew 15,500 tons of substandard food from the market, according to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. Forty-eight cases were handed over to judicial departments.

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CHENGDU: Halfway up the Longquan Mountain sits a tiny village where Fu Qing used to live with her parents.Each morning, the young girl would get up at 6:30 am and after breakfast, walk for 40 minutes along a winding mountain path to the nearest primary school.In winter, she would often become anxious toward the end of the school day, concerned she might not make it home before sunset.But these days, the 14-year-old no longer has to worry about long lonely walks on dark mountain paths.Along with 3,164 other children from Longquan Mountain, Fu now attends a boarding school in Chengdu's Longquanyi district. Exempt from tuition and lodging fees, each student also receives 130 yuan a month for meals and bus fares, and two new uniforms each year.The youngsters are all part of the Golden Phoenix Project, a pilot program that aims to provide better schooling for children from Chengdu's rural areas. Authorities in the Sichuan capital hope it will also better prepare them for urban life.Longquanyi covers an area of about 500 sq km, two-fifths of which is mountainous. About 60,000 people live in the mountains, most of them farmers.Fu's former primary school was in Chadian, a village located at the very heart of Longquan Mountain. It had just six classrooms and on rainy days, the roof leaked.Once the rain had stopped the students would have to repaint the blackboards with ink, which would get washed off in the downpour. And at the start of every semester, Fu and her classmates had to carry their desks and chairs to school, because there was no money to buy new ones.In the evening, Fu would make dinner for herself and her mother, who spent her days growing beans and fruit on the mountain. Fu's father worked at a construction site in Chengdu.The local government launched the Golden Phoenix Project in 2005 in a bid to bring youngsters like Fu down from the mountain and into middle schools in the towns.As well as providing them with financial support, the authorities allocated 160 million yuan for the construction of a boarding school, which, on its completion next year, will be able to accommodate 5,000 students.Fu is one of 1,840 students from mountain villages currently living and studying at the almost-complete school, which boasts 121 teachers, including 20 who act in loco parentis.And rather than having to repaint the blackboard after each downpour, Fu now enjoys computer studies and physical education classes when she gets to run on the rubberized athletics track, something she had never even seen before.The new school is helping provide Fu not only with an education, but also a real insight into urban living.Since she has been there, she has learned how to use a flush toilet, for example, and understand traffic lights.Her biggest dream is to finish her education and become an office worker in the city.Thanks to the Golden Phoenix Project, all middle-school-aged children from Longquanyi's mountainous areas attend boarding schools in nearby towns.The district government is now planning to spend a further 40 million yuan to establish similar schools for primary students.Zhou Jiping, head of Chengdu's education bureau, said: "The Golden Phoenix Project is just one of the efforts being made here to ensure the balanced development of urban and rural education."Children studying under the project often perform better than their peers from urban areas, he said.Over the past four years, local authorities have spent 1 billion yuan on the construction and renovation of 400 schools in rural areas. Rural students are exempt from tuition fees for compulsory education and from next year, they will also be provided with free textbooks."By doing so, we hope to give all kids in Chengdu a fair and equal start," Zhou said.

BEIJING -- China has expressed concern about Washington's decision to shoot down a damaged satellite, urging the US Government to fulfill its international obligation.Responding to a question on the US plan to shoot down a damaged satellite, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jianchao said on Sunday that the Chinese government is highly concerned about development of the situation and has urged the US side to fulfill its international obligation and avoid causing damages to the security in the outer space and other countries."Relevant departments of China are closely watching the situation and working out preventive measures," Liu said.According to news reports, the US Defense Department is planning to shoot down a damaged spy satellite that is expected to hit the Earth in early March. The satellite, which contains toxic fuel, has been out of control shortly after its launch in 2006.

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The growth of the services sector should be accelerated and opened wider to private and foreign investors, the State Council has said. Market access for such sectors as telecommunications, railways and civil aviation - by far largely State-owned - will be increased and more competition encouraged to diversify investment, the Cabinet said in a document released yesterday. The country will establish an "open, fair and rule-based" market access system, according to the document, which urged local governments and departments to encourage foreign investment and improve the legal framework in the sector. Private investors are encouraged to "raise the proportion of non-State output in the national services industry". No domain should be off-limits as long as the law does not forbid the entry of non-State investors, the document said. The State Council said the services trade should be encouraged to change the foreign trade growth pattern, which comprises mainly exports of low-end manufactured goods. Some local governments were criticized for tilting toward heavy industries and ignoring the services sector, which made up 40.2 percent of China's gross domestic product (GDP) last year. It generally accounts for about 70 percent in developed economies.The sector is important for China as it makes efforts to change its economic growth pattern, reduce consumption of energy and resources and create jobs, the document said. Given those benefits, "developing the services sector is imperative for China," Liu Xiahui, an economist with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told China Daily. "But for the moment, it still has to rely on the industrial sector to generate more tax revenues and achieve a high rate of economic growth." Liu said while the general services industry, such as the catering trade, has grown fast, many regions are not developed enough to accommodate high-end value-added services, such as finance. "We cannot ignore our economic reality." "But I do hope the country can make bigger strides in developing the services sector, which is in line with China's future needs," Liu added. As one of the steps, the State Council urged more input into sectors oriented toward people's livelihood, such as real estate, non-State nursing homes for the aged and culture. The cabinet put special emphasis on the services industry in rural areas, urging an increase in farmers' incomes and a relaxation of the urban household registration system.

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The Bank of Communications (BoCom), China's fifth largest lender, said its net profit reached20.3 billion yuan (2.86 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007, up 65 percent from 2006.     By the end of 2007, total assets of BoCom stood at 2.1 trillion yuan, up 22.7 percent from a year earlier, according to its 2007 annual report released on Wednesday.     Net interest rate income rose 36 percent to 54.1 billion yuan and fee income from credit card sales and asset management products surged 137 percent to 7.1 billion yuan.     The Shanghai-based bank and HSBC Holdings Plc., which holds a roughly 19 percent stake in BoCom, are preparing to establish a credit card company and a pension fund company, according to the report.     BoCom, which listed on the Hong Kong stock market in 2005, returned to the mainland's A share market in April last year. Its shares rose 2.77 percent to 10.39 yuan in Shanghai on Wednesday.

The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television has called a halt to all TV and radio programs on plastic surgery or sex-change operations.The administration issued a notice on Thursday that forbids programs with such "indecent themes and bloody and explicit scenes".As the decision states, it is forbidden to plan, program or broadcast any programs about plastic surgery or sex-change operations.The decision came as growing numbers of local TV stations decide to broadcast such programs, which have attracted complaints from many viewers.For example, Sun Min, a viewer in South China's Guangdong Province, said she found the scenes of plastic surgery in "New Agreement on Beauty", broadcast by a local TV station, to be "horrifying and sickening"."Ongoing programs of this kind should be stopped immediately," said the notice. "Any party that violates the rule will be punished."The administration has already stopped broadcasts of "New Agreement on Beauty".In response, He Yi, an official with the Guangdong TV Station, said that the program's production team understands the administration's decision and would abide by it.The administration's move came a week after it banned "The First Heartthrob", a local talent show broadcast in Southwest China's Chongqing Municipality, due to its vulgar content.The program caters to "low-grade interests", with the judges and songs on the program often featuring bad language.The administration said this seriously damages the image of the television industry and has a negative social influence.The director of the program has already been fired by Chongqing TV station.