浅析王安忆长恨歌的悲剧艺术

市政工程管理中环保型施工思考

BEIJING, Jan. 3 (Xinhua) -- For many Chinese who want to nab railway tickets home for the annual Spring Festival migration, the government's promise of having a better system by 2012 is just a distant hope.     Starting Friday, the first day to book tickets for the travel rush expected to last from Jan. 11 to Feb. 28, long queues appeared at ticket booths in almost every major railway hub.     In Wuhan, college students were first hit by the rush, as many schools' winter break starts from Jan. 10 to 17.     As more than 70 percent of the 1 million resident students there were expected to go home by train, local railway authorities have set up ticket agents on campus, opened more ticket booths for students at stations and offered special trains for students.     But many still found it difficult to get tickets, especially to Urumqi, Qingdao, Jinan, Harbin, Zhanjiang and Nanning. At the Wuchang Railway Station alone, more than 60,000 tickets were sold on Friday.     In Shanghai, police and security officers were put 24-hour on guard to maintain order and prevent accidents. They gave each passenger a number and assigned them to different waiting lines.     At the Beijing West Railway Station, 15 temporary ticket booths have been opened. To keep the lines at no more than 20 people as required by the Railway Ministry, Beijing railway authority set up410 ticket booths at the main Beijing Railway Station and the Beijing West Railway Station. Tickets will be sold around the clock.     Deputy General Manager of the Guangzhou Railway Group Cao Jianguo asked passengers to "be patient" and "try again" with the booking telephone hot line 96020088 in Guangdong.     Nine stations in the southern province have been networked this year with the telephone hotline, which means passengers can pick up or cancel reserved tickets much more easily by showing identification.     At Guangzhou railway stations, the Guangzhou Command College of Armed Police was mobilized at seven ticket booths. They were on duty during last year's Spring Festival rush, which was aggravated by unusual snowstorms.     The Railway Ministry expects 188 million people to travel during the coming travel rush, up 8 percent from last year, with daily traffic expected to hit 4.7 million people.     Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Hangzhou are the "most bustling hubs" before the Spring Festival, which falls on Jan. 26,so railway authorities have added 319 temporary express passengers trains this year.     Despite these efforts, many passengers still feared that they might not be able to get tickets to get home in time.     Qiao Kejiao, a Beijing hospital clerk, said she might resort to being duty on Lunar New Year Eve and traveling on the second day, when traffic would be lighter.     In a work meeting that closed on Thursday, Railway Minister LiuZhijun attributed the annual travel ordeal to inadequate rail networks. The work meeting decided that speeding up railway construction and securing railway transportation were the ministry's priority tasks in 2009.     Liu foresaw a "historic change" in 2012 when intensive investment would extend total track mileage to 110,000 km, including 13,000 km of passenger lines on which trains could run between 200 to 350 km per hour.     The scenario does not offer any immediate comfort. Associate senior editor of the Study Times, Deng Yuwen, said the real solution was not in hardware improvement such as more tracks but in management and service.     In a column in the Shanghai-based Oriental Morning Post on Saturday, he said that the per capita railway mileage in China was only 6 cm, shorter than a cigarette.     "Even after the mileage is extended from the current 78,000 km to 110,000 km, per capita rail lines in China will only be 8.5 cm. Can we really say good-bye to ticket shortages by then?"     The real culprit, he wrote, was insufficient capacity. To improve the capacity, foreign and private capital should be introduced to break the government monopoly in railway investment, he said.     The ticket distribution system should also be streamlined to avoid the "gray zone" where so-called "contract units" such as tourism agencies and outlets take advantage of contacts to hoard tickets that are then re-sold for illegal profits.     Ticket purchases under real names, a proposal that has been repeatedly rejected by the railway authorities, could help improve management and services, he said.

ANKARA, Nov. 26 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin arrived here Wednesday, starting an official goodwill visit to Turkey as guest of Koksal Toptan, speaker of the Turkish Grand National Assembly.     In a written statement delivered upon arrival at the airport, Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), said both China and Turkey have a long history and splendid culture, and friendly exchanges between the two peoples date back to ancient times. Jia Qinglin (Front,L), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), is welcomed upon his arrival at the airport in Ankara, capital of Turkey, Nov. 26, 2008. Jia started an official goodwill visit to Turkey on Wednesday    "We are satisfied with the ever-expanding cooperation between China and Turkey in the political, economic and other fields since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1971," said Jia.     He said he is convinced that with efforts from both sides, China-Turkey friendship and cooperation will register new and even bigger development.     During his visit, Jia will have an in-depth exchange of views with Turkish leaders on how to further consolidate and strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation.     "I sincerely hope that my visit will further enhance the friendship between the two peoples and our bilateral cooperation in all fields so as to the benefit our two countries and peoples," said Jia.     Turkey is the second leg of Jia's four-nation visit which has taken him to Jordan and will also take him to Laos and Cambodia.

BEIJING, Oct. 15 (Xinhua) -- China and Pakistan on Wednesday signed more than 10 deals ranging from trade and minerals to agriculture and satellites.     The package of agreements came out of a two-hour summit at Beijing's Great Hall of the People as China rolled out the red carpet for Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari, who is on his first state visit to the country since taking office in September. Zardari was welcomed by President Hu Jintao and received a 21-gun military salute at the Tian'anmen Square, festooned with the national flags of China and Pakistan.     During the meeting, Hu reviewed the close bilateral ties, particularly the days of the Bhutto family.     "Your entire family are old friends of the Chinese people," Hu told Zardari. "We will never forget the outstanding contribution Benazir Bhutto and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto had made to boosting ties with China." Visiting Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari (R) reviews the honour guard with his Chinese counterpart Hu Jintao during the welcoming ceremony held by Hu Jintao at the Tian'anmen Square, in Beijing, China, on Oct. 15, 2008. Asif Ali Zardari arrived here on Wednesday for his first state visit to China since taking office in September.    Zardari's late wife, Benazir Bhutto, was assassinated in December 2007, and her late father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, had also served as Pakistan president.     While reviewing the 57-year-old diplomatic ties, Hu attributed its sound and smooth growth to the leadership of the two nations, among others.     He said China had always given priority to its relation with Pakistan, an important neighbor and strategic partner.     Zardari said he was grateful for "the warm welcome that you have shown us and the love and affection that I can feel from across the aisle."     "The only way I could do justice to the memory of my late wife and father-in-law was to make sure that I made my first presidential trip to China," the 53-year-old said.     "I am hoping to assist the Pakistan-China relationship and take it further along. It's a duty history has bestowed upon me."     On the economic front, Hu said the two countries were enjoying robust cooperation in economy and trade. They should continue to implement their free-trade pact, five-year trade program and other joint deals.     He also proposed the two nations create new areas and explore new ways of cooperation. "China and Pakistan should vigorously boost border trade so as to bring more substantive benefits to their citizens."     Zardari said the two should carry out big projects and work more closely in infrastructure, transport, environmental protection and finance, among others.     The two leaders agreed to step up people-to-people exchanges and cooperation in culture, education, health and journalism.     Hu thanked Pakistan for its support on issues concerning Taiwan and Tibet. He also appreciated Pakistani efforts in backing Beijing's hosting of the Olympic Games.     Zardari reaffirmed Pakistan's adherence to the one-China policy and support of China's peaceful reunification,     They also agreed on enhancing coordination and collaboration on international and regional issues, cooperating on addressing global challenges and ensuring peace, stability and development in the world.     As part of his four-day trip, Zardari is also scheduled to meet with other Chinese leaders, including top legislator Wu Bangguo, Premier Wen Jiabao and top advisor Jia Qinglin on Thursday.

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WUHAN, Jan. 14 (Xinhua) -- Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter said Wednesday he believes the incoming administration of President-elect Barack Obama will expand common interests of the United States and China.     Carter, 84, flew to central China's Hubei Province after attending a series of events in Beijing to mark the 30th anniversary of China-U.S. diplomatic ties. Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter (2nd L, front) and his wife (3rd L, front) pose in front of a local medical center at a village in Hong'an County, central China's Hubei Province, on Jan. 14, 2009.     He visited a memorial hall for Li Xiannian, who was Chinese president from June 1983 to April 1988. The memorial hall is located in Hong'an County, the hometown of Li.     Carter said the two countries had witnessed rapid growth in cooperation, and U.S.-China ties had become the most important bilateral link in the world.     Meeting with Hubei Governor Li Hongzhong, Carter said he felt very proud of the decision with former Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping to resume ties. Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter (L) receives a souvenir from Li Hongzhong, governor of Hubei Province, in Wuhan, capital of central China's Hubei Province, on Jan. 14, 2009.     Carter said a deeper U.S.-China friendship helped to maintain peace and stability in the whole world.     He said China's reform and opening-up policy brought about dramatic changes, creating an economic miracle. Deng Xiaoping and other Chinese leaders had indeed changed China with their wisdom.     Calling Carter an old friend of the Chinese people, the governor appreciated the former U.S. president's important role in forging bilateral ties. He called for closer economic and cultural cooperation between both countries.     Carter is scheduled to fly to Shanghai on Thursday.

BEIJING, Oct. 15 (Xinhua) -- China and Pakistan on Wednesday signed more than 10 deals ranging from trade and minerals to agriculture and satellites.     The package of agreements came out of a two-hour summit at Beijing's Great Hall of the People as China rolled out the red carpet for Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari, who is on his first state visit to the country since taking office in September. Zardari was welcomed by President Hu Jintao and received a 21-gun military salute at the Tian'anmen Square, festooned with the national flags of China and Pakistan.     During the meeting, Hu reviewed the close bilateral ties, particularly the days of the Bhutto family.     "Your entire family are old friends of the Chinese people," Hu told Zardari. "We will never forget the outstanding contribution Benazir Bhutto and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto had made to boosting ties with China." Visiting Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari (R) reviews the honour guard with his Chinese counterpart Hu Jintao during the welcoming ceremony held by Hu Jintao at the Tian'anmen Square, in Beijing, China, on Oct. 15, 2008. Asif Ali Zardari arrived here on Wednesday for his first state visit to China since taking office in September.    Zardari's late wife, Benazir Bhutto, was assassinated in December 2007, and her late father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, had also served as Pakistan president.     While reviewing the 57-year-old diplomatic ties, Hu attributed its sound and smooth growth to the leadership of the two nations, among others.     He said China had always given priority to its relation with Pakistan, an important neighbor and strategic partner.     Zardari said he was grateful for "the warm welcome that you have shown us and the love and affection that I can feel from across the aisle."     "The only way I could do justice to the memory of my late wife and father-in-law was to make sure that I made my first presidential trip to China," the 53-year-old said.     "I am hoping to assist the Pakistan-China relationship and take it further along. It's a duty history has bestowed upon me."     On the economic front, Hu said the two countries were enjoying robust cooperation in economy and trade. They should continue to implement their free-trade pact, five-year trade program and other joint deals.     He also proposed the two nations create new areas and explore new ways of cooperation. "China and Pakistan should vigorously boost border trade so as to bring more substantive benefits to their citizens."     Zardari said the two should carry out big projects and work more closely in infrastructure, transport, environmental protection and finance, among others.     The two leaders agreed to step up people-to-people exchanges and cooperation in culture, education, health and journalism.     Hu thanked Pakistan for its support on issues concerning Taiwan and Tibet. He also appreciated Pakistani efforts in backing Beijing's hosting of the Olympic Games.     Zardari reaffirmed Pakistan's adherence to the one-China policy and support of China's peaceful reunification,     They also agreed on enhancing coordination and collaboration on international and regional issues, cooperating on addressing global challenges and ensuring peace, stability and development in the world.     As part of his four-day trip, Zardari is also scheduled to meet with other Chinese leaders, including top legislator Wu Bangguo, Premier Wen Jiabao and top advisor Jia Qinglin on Thursday.

BEIJING, Jan. 26 (Xinhua) -- China is to promote the use of energy-efficient and new-energy vehicles in public sector in 13 cities, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) said here Monday.     According to a joint statement by the MOF and the Ministry of Science and Technology, the central government will offer one-off subsidy for the purchase of mixed-power, electric and fuel-cell vehicles.     The statement said the subsidy will be decided by the gap between the prices of energy-efficient vehicles and automobiles powered by traditional fuel.     The program will be put into trial in public transport, taxi industry, postal and urban sanitary services in 13 cities including Beijing and Shanghai.     The program is aimed at facilitating the technology upgrading and structural optimization of the automobile industry, said the statement.     Local governments should also allocate funds for the building and maintenance of related facilities, said the statement.

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BEIJING, Jan. 1 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and his U.S. counterpart George W. Bush exchanged congratulatory messages Thursday to mark the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between their two countries. Chinese President Hu Jintao(R) meets with U.S. President George W. Bush in Lima, capital of Peru, Nov. 21, 2008.    The establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States 30 years ago "is a milestone that marked a new chapter in the history of our relations and had a significant and profound impact on the international situation and the world's landscape," Hu said in his congratulatory message.     "For 30 years, thanks to the concerted efforts of generations of Chinese and American leaders and people of vision from all walks of life, we have made historic achievements in growing these relations," the Chinese president said.     "Our two countries have fruitful exchanges and cooperation in a wide range of areas. Our two peoples are increasing mutual understanding and friendship day by day. The strategic significance and global implications of China-U.S. relations have become all the more evident," Hu said.     "These facts have proven that the establishment and development of normal state-to-state relations between China and the United States serves the fundamental interests of our two peoples and go along with the trend of the times. They have not only delivered enormous benefits to our two peoples, but have also greatly contributed to peace, stability and development of Asia and the world at large," Hu said.     The world is now undergoing complex and profound changes, Hu said, adding under the new circumstances and in the face of new opportunities and challenges, China stands ready to work with the United States to build on past achievements, sum up and draw on experience in the development of China-U.S. relations, follow the principles of the three Sino-U.S. joint communiques, and remain committed to the development of a constructive and cooperative relationship.     China is willing to further strengthen dialogue and exchanges with the United States on the basis of mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation, enhance mutual trust and cooperation, and continuously expand the basis for cooperation and common interests between the two countries so as "to promote sound, stable and in-depth growth of our constructive and cooperative relationship", Hu said.     In his congratulatory message, President Bush said the decision by the two governments to open formal ties 30 years ago "transcended profound differences in our nations' histories, cultures, and political systems and bridged a seemingly impossible divide."     "The peoples of the United States and China have come to know each other well over the last 30 years. Together, we have built bridges between our two nations in every conceivable field – from commerce and trade to education, science, sports, and the arts," Bush said.     "Over the last eight years, the relationship between our two governments has become more constructive and cooperative, and we have made progress in addressing global challenges such as terrorism, pandemic disease, and the proliferation of nuclear weapons. We have worked as global leaders to promote open markets as the best way to foster economic dynamism and development," he said.     He hoped that over the coming 30 years "our governments will build on this foundation of goodwill and work constructively together to advance the causes of peace, stability, and development."     Bush expressed his confidence that working with common purpose and determination, China and the United States can successfully address global challenges to ensure that "our children inherit a truly better and safer world."

BEIJING, Jan. 31 (Xinhua) -- A senior official with Communist Party of China (CPC) has urged to ensure social equity and maintain social stability in promoting the country's economic growth.     Zhou Yongkang, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, made the remark in an article to be published in the journal Qiushi (Seeking Truth), run by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Feb. 1.     Zhou, also secretary of the Political and Legislative Affairs Committee of the CPC Central Committee, said that law enforcement organs should push forward reforms of working mechanism and judiciary system.     He also stressed that all the law enforcement organs should well comprehend and implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, the Party's new creed, and maintain social stability to celebrate the new China's 60th anniversary of founding on Oct. 1.

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BEIJING, Jan. 3 (Xinhua) -- For many Chinese who want to nab railway tickets home for the annual Spring Festival migration, the government's promise of having a better system by 2012 is just a distant hope.     Starting Friday, the first day to book tickets for the travel rush expected to last from Jan. 11 to Feb. 28, long queues appeared at ticket booths in almost every major railway hub.     In Wuhan, college students were first hit by the rush, as many schools' winter break starts from Jan. 10 to 17.     As more than 70 percent of the 1 million resident students there were expected to go home by train, local railway authorities have set up ticket agents on campus, opened more ticket booths for students at stations and offered special trains for students.     But many still found it difficult to get tickets, especially to Urumqi, Qingdao, Jinan, Harbin, Zhanjiang and Nanning. At the Wuchang Railway Station alone, more than 60,000 tickets were sold on Friday.     In Shanghai, police and security officers were put 24-hour on guard to maintain order and prevent accidents. They gave each passenger a number and assigned them to different waiting lines.     At the Beijing West Railway Station, 15 temporary ticket booths have been opened. To keep the lines at no more than 20 people as required by the Railway Ministry, Beijing railway authority set up410 ticket booths at the main Beijing Railway Station and the Beijing West Railway Station. Tickets will be sold around the clock.     Deputy General Manager of the Guangzhou Railway Group Cao Jianguo asked passengers to "be patient" and "try again" with the booking telephone hot line 96020088 in Guangdong.     Nine stations in the southern province have been networked this year with the telephone hotline, which means passengers can pick up or cancel reserved tickets much more easily by showing identification.     At Guangzhou railway stations, the Guangzhou Command College of Armed Police was mobilized at seven ticket booths. They were on duty during last year's Spring Festival rush, which was aggravated by unusual snowstorms.     The Railway Ministry expects 188 million people to travel during the coming travel rush, up 8 percent from last year, with daily traffic expected to hit 4.7 million people.     Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Hangzhou are the "most bustling hubs" before the Spring Festival, which falls on Jan. 26,so railway authorities have added 319 temporary express passengers trains this year.     Despite these efforts, many passengers still feared that they might not be able to get tickets to get home in time.     Qiao Kejiao, a Beijing hospital clerk, said she might resort to being duty on Lunar New Year Eve and traveling on the second day, when traffic would be lighter.     In a work meeting that closed on Thursday, Railway Minister LiuZhijun attributed the annual travel ordeal to inadequate rail networks. The work meeting decided that speeding up railway construction and securing railway transportation were the ministry's priority tasks in 2009.     Liu foresaw a "historic change" in 2012 when intensive investment would extend total track mileage to 110,000 km, including 13,000 km of passenger lines on which trains could run between 200 to 350 km per hour.     The scenario does not offer any immediate comfort. Associate senior editor of the Study Times, Deng Yuwen, said the real solution was not in hardware improvement such as more tracks but in management and service.     In a column in the Shanghai-based Oriental Morning Post on Saturday, he said that the per capita railway mileage in China was only 6 cm, shorter than a cigarette.     "Even after the mileage is extended from the current 78,000 km to 110,000 km, per capita rail lines in China will only be 8.5 cm. Can we really say good-bye to ticket shortages by then?"     The real culprit, he wrote, was insufficient capacity. To improve the capacity, foreign and private capital should be introduced to break the government monopoly in railway investment, he said.     The ticket distribution system should also be streamlined to avoid the "gray zone" where so-called "contract units" such as tourism agencies and outlets take advantage of contacts to hoard tickets that are then re-sold for illegal profits.     Ticket purchases under real names, a proposal that has been repeatedly rejected by the railway authorities, could help improve management and services, he said.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 15 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao on Saturday called on the international community to make concerted efforts to tide over difficulties arising from the global financial crisis.     Hu made the appeal while addressing a summit meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20) on financial markets and the world economy in Washington.     RESTORE MARKET CONFIDENCE     President Hu urged the international community to take all necessary steps to promptly restore market confidence and stop the spread and development of the financial crisis.     "The international financial crisis has now spread from some parts of the world to the entire globe, from developed countries to emerging markets, and from the financial sector to the real economy," said Hu, who arrived here Friday for the G20 summit.     "To effectively deal with the financial crisis, all countries should strengthen confidence and intensify coordination and cooperation," he stressed.     To deal with the crisis, Hu said major developed countries "should undertake their due responsibilities and obligations, implement macroeconomic policies that are conducive to economic and financial stability and growth both at home and internationally, take active steps to stabilize their own and the international financial markets and safeguard investors' interests."     "Meanwhile, we should all enhance macroeconomic policy coordination, expand economic and financial information sharing, and deepen cooperation in international financial regulation so as to create necessary conditions for stability in both domestic and international markets," Hu added.     REFORM INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM     Hu urged the international community to earnestly draw lessons from the ongoing financial crisis and, based on full consultations among all stakeholders, undertake necessary reform of the international financial system.     "Reform of the international financial system should aim at establishing a new international financial order that is fair, just, inclusive and orderly and fostering an institutional environment conducive to sound global economic development," Hu said.     He said the reform should be conducted in a comprehensive, balanced, incremental and result-oriented manner.     "A comprehensive reform is one that has a general design and includes measures to improve not only the international financial system, monetary system and financial institutions, but also international financial rules and procedures," he noted.     "A balanced reform is one that is based on overall consideration and seeks a balance among the interests of all parties," Hu said.     "An incremental reform is one that seeks gradual progress," said the president, adding that it should proceed in a phased manner, starting with the easier issues, and achieve the final objectives of reform through sustained efforts.     "A result-oriented reform is one that lays emphasis on practical results. All reform measures should contribute to international financial stability and global economic growth as well as the well being of people in all countries," he stressed.     Based on those considerations, Hu listed four priorities in reforming the international financial system -- stepping up international cooperation in financial regulation; advancing reform of international financial institutions; encouraging regional financial cooperation; and improving the international currency system.     HELP DEVELOPING COUNTRIES COPE WITH CRISIS     President Hu also called for international efforts to help developing countries and the least developed countries cope with the global financial crisis.     "When coping with the financial crisis, the international community should pay particular attention to the damage of the crisis on developing countries, especially the least developed countries (LDCs), and do all it can to minimize the damage."     It is necessary to help developing countries maintain financial stability and economic growth, sustain and increase assistance to developing countries, and maintain economic and financial stability in developing countries, he said.     CHINA TO PLAY CONSTRUCTIVE ROLE     Responding to natural disasters and the global financial crisis, China has made timely adjustment to its policies and strengthened macroeconomic regulation, Hu said.     "Steady and relatively fast growth in China is in itself an important contribution to international financial stability and world economic growth," he noted.     "The Chinese government has adopted measures to boost economic development, including lowering the required reserve ratio, cutting the deposit and lending rates, and easing the corporate tax burdens," Hu told the participants.     Meanwhile, as a responsible member of the international community, "China has taken an active part in the international cooperation to deal with the financial crisis and played a positive role in maintaining international financial stability and promoting the development of the world economy," he said.     "Stability of the international financial markets and sustained development of the global economy are crucial to the well being of all countries and people," Hu noted.     "Let us tide over the difficulties through concerted efforts and contribute our share to maintaining international financial stability and promoting global economic growth," he concluded.