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WASHINGTON, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) on Wednesday slapped punitive penalties to imports of some 2.6 billion dollar oil country tubular goods (OCTG) from China, a move might escalate trade disputes between the two countries.     The ITC "has made affirmative determination in its final phase countervailing duty (CVD) investigation" concerning the oil pipes from China, said the ITC in a statement.     The trade agency has determined that "a U.S. industry is materially injured or threatened with material injury by reason of imports of certain oil country tubular goods from China that the U.S. Department Commerce has determined are subsidized," according to the statementThe U.S. Commerce Department made a final determination last month to impose duties between 10.36 percent and 15.78 percent on the pipes, which are mostly used in the oil and gas industries.     The ITC ruling paved the way for the imposition of duties.     The Commerce Department made its preliminary determination of CVD in September.     On Nov. 4, the Commerce also set preliminary antidumping (AD) duties on such imports from China, which is the biggest U.S. trade action against China.     Under that preliminary determination, Commerce set a 36.53 percent antidumping levy on OCTG from 37 Chinese companies, while some other Chinese companies will receive a preliminary dumping rate of 99.14 percent.     Commerce will make its final determination of antidumping duties early next year.     If Commerce makes an affirmative final determination, and the ITC makes an affirmative final determination that imports of oil tubular goods from China materially injures, or threaten material injury to, the domestic industry, Commerce will issue an antidumping duty order.     The antidumping and countervailing petition case was filed in April this year.     From 2006 to 2008, imports of OCTG from China increased 203 percent by value and amounted to an estimated 2.7 billion dollars in 2008, said the U.S. Commerce Department.     China strongly opposed the U.S. decision, saying that it is a protectionist move.     "China expressed strong dissatisfaction and is resolutely opposed to this," said China's Ministry of Commerce (MOC) spokesman Yao Jian in a statement in September.     "This does not comply with WTO agreements on subsidies. The U.S. used an incorrect method to define and calculate the subsidies, which has resulted in an artificially high subsidy rate, hurting Chinese firms' interests," said Yao.     "We hope the United States can get rid of the bias and admit China's market economy status soon to tackle the double standards thoroughly and give Chinese enterprises equal and fair treatment," Yao also said last month.     The U.S. industries also expressed strong dissatisfaction with the trade case, saying such a protectionist move would hurt U.S. companies.     The trade restrictions would "hurt U.S. using industries by raising their costs and making sources of supply uncertain," Eugene Patrone, executive director of the Consuming Industries Trade Action Coalition (CITAC) told Xinhua in September.     He noted that the tariffs would make oil and gas exploration and production be more expensive, projects be delayed, "which is against our national goal of being less dependent on imported energy."     The onset of the global recession appears to have set off an increase in trade disputes around the world.     Globally, new requests for protection from imports in the first half of 2009 are up 18.5 percent over the first half of 2008, according to the World Bank-sponsored Global Anti-dumping Database organized by Chad P. Bown, a Brandeis University economics professor.     That increase follows a 44 percent increase in new investigations in 2008.     And China has become the main target of the rising protectionism.     In another steel dispute, the U.S. Commerce Department said on Tuesday that it will impose antidumping tariffs of 14 percent to 145 percent on imports of 91 million dollar steel grating from China. A final determination will be made by the department in April 2010.

BEIJING, Dec. 10 (Xinhua) -- Ruling parties of China and Japan on Thursday pledged to deepen trust and work together for a stronger strategic relationship of mutual benefit between the two countries.     The pledge came out of a meeting between Chinese President Hu Jintao and Secretary General of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) Ichiro Ozawa in Beijing on Thursday afternoon. Ozawa is leading a delegation of 600-strong members, including 146 DPJ lawmakers from the upper and lower houses of the Japanese Diet, for a four-day visit in Beijing. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) meets with Secretary General of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) Ichiro Ozawa in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 10, 2009. Ozawa led a delegation of 600-strong members for a four-day visit in Beijing    The group is the first DPJ-led delegation to China since the DPJ came to power in September.     Hu started the meeting by calling Ozawa "an old friend of the Chinese people who visited China many times and made important contribution to bilateral relations." Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) shakes hands with members of a delegation led by Ichiro Ozawa, secretary general of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 10, 2009.This was the third meeting in Beijing between Hu and Ozawa, who visited China in capacity of the DPJ leader in 2006 and 2007.     "The Communist Party of China (CPC) attaches great importance to relations with DPJ and would like to work together to improve party-to-party exchange mechanism," said Hu, who is the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee.     Hu called for concerted efforts to make the mechanism an important platform for the two ruling parties to hold dialogues, enhance trust, promote cooperation and seek common development in a bid to boost the sound and in-depth growth of bilateral relationship.     Ozawa echoed Hu's views, saying the DPJ was committed to bolstering Japan-China ties and would continue to make best of the party-to-party exchange mechanism for a better strategic relationship of mutual benefit.     On the broader China-Japan relations, Hu said the two countries had interacted actively and undergone a smooth transition since the DPJ became Japan's ruling party in September.     Hu said he and Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama reached important consensus on furthering the strategic relationship of mutual benefit and bringing the bilateral relationship to a new era.     Stressing the principle and spirit of four political documents between the two countries, Hu said China would like to work more closely with Japan to properly address the sensitive issues between them and jointly tackle global challenges.     Ozawa praised China's economic and social progress and its constructive role in international affairs.     Ozawa said profound changes in the international arena offered a broad prospect for Japan and China to work together in all fronts.     Prior to the two leaders' meeting, Hu and the Japanese delegation had their group photos taken at the Great Hall of the People in downtown Beijing.     The delegation was the 16th one under the "Great Hall Program," a people-to-people exchange scheme initiated in 1989. The program has so far sent about 350 Japanese lawmakers and more than 2,000 representatives from various circles to visit China.

BEIJING, Nov. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao has urged unswerving efforts to improve the building of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to secure the Party's role as the steel core of the country's leadership.     Hu, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, made the call at a group study of the members of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on Friday.     With more than 75 million members and 3.7 million grassroots organizations, the CPC shoulders a tough task of Party building and management to lead the country's 1.3 billion people in economic and social development, Hu said.     To promote a democratic and scientific decision-making mechanism for the Party and government is a crucial task for the Party, he said.     In an era of great development and major transformation, Hu stressed, the CPC is facing long-term, complex and severe tests of challenges it would encounter as a ruling party in the process of reform, opening up, and implementation of market economy.     To improve Party building is also an urgent requirement of coping with the international financial crisis and maintaining the country's economic growth, Hu said.     He urged CPC organizations at all levels to promote organizational construction, improve regulations and fight against corruption.     The Party should also establish and improve an institutional system based on the Party's Constitution and the principles of democratic centralism...and ensure the Party's unity and strengthen the Party's vigor of innovation, Hu said.

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BEIJING, Dec. 26 -- European fashion retailers are accelerating business expansion in China thanks to the nation's increasing number of fashion-conscious consumers.     Two companies that opened new outlets in China at a rapid pace this year included Sweden's H&M and Spain's Zara, both retailers of clothing and accessories for adults and youth.     H&M is ending this year with a total of 13 new stores, raising the company portfolio in China to 27 outlets, while Zara, opened 33 new stores in China, winding down the year with 60 in total.     "In China, new store openings have more than doubled due to strong domestic consumption, which has not been affected by the global financial downturn," said Wu Shuang, public relations manager of H&M China. Globally, H&M store openings are up between 10 percent and 15 percent in 2009, said Wu.     "More H&M stores will be set up in China next year, especially in the second-tier cities," he said.     H&M, Europe's second largest fast-fashion retailer, entered the Hong Kong and Shanghai markets in 2007 and later expanded its business to second-tier cities like Hangzhou and Ningbo of Zhejiang province.     Back in August, H&M sales in Spain, the US and France were down 11 percent over July sales, the fourth consecutive monthly drop.     In 2008, average sales revenue at H&M stores in the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong was up 23 percent to 59 million yuan, while globally average store sales was 48 million yuan.     "We are expecting favorable sales volume in China this year," said Wu, while declining to elaborate further.     Strong sales numbers were also recorded at Zara, the leading fast-fashion retailer in Europe. "The Chinese market is attractive with its soaring consumer spending power," a Zara promotion executive said on condition of anonymity. Chinese consumers can expect to see more Zara 'fast fashion' stores in the future," he said.     Fast fashion is a term used to describe fashion trends that are manufactured quickly in smaller batches to keep inventories down and allow mainstream consumers to take advantage of current clothing styles at lower prices. This type of quick manufacturing methodology is preferred by large retailers like H&M, Forever 21 and Zara, according to online apparel industry directory, Apparel Search.     This access to the latest clothing styles is popular with white-collar consumers in China.     "I have been waiting for 30 minutes to try on several pieces of clothing, but the wait doesn't matter. I love to get everything here, and the prices are acceptable," said Liu Dan, a woman in her 20s shopping at one of Zara's Beijing stores. Liu, who works in the public relations department at an international company, said she is also a regular patron of H&M in Beijing. Both H&M and Zara stores are often crowded with local consumers, especially on the weekends.

SHANGHAI, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Shanghai Party chief Yu Zhengsheng met visiting U.S. President Barack Obama Monday, the second day of his China trip.     Shanghai played an important role in the history of Sino-U.S. relations. The signing of the Shanghai Communiqué in 1972 marked the normalization of the bilateral ties, said Yu, member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and secretary of the CPC Shanghai Municipal Committee.     Yu said Obama's visit would be conducive to the dialogue, communication and cooperation between the two countries.     Yu expressed the hope to strengthen cooperation with the U.S. on advanced manufacturing industry, modern service industry and green economy. U.S. President Barack Obama(L1) meets with Yu Zhengsheng(R1), member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and secretary of the CPC Shanghai Municipal Committee, at the Xijiao State Guest House in Shanghai, Nov. 16, 2009Obama said he was impressed with Shanghai's rapid development and hoped to enhance cooperation on the sectors of finance, trade and clean energy. He also wanted to promote the communication between Shanghai and its two friendly cities Chicago and San Francisco.     Obama left Shanghai for Beijing Monday afternoon after having a dialogue with Chinese students.     Obama arrived in Shanghai Sunday night to start a four-day state visit to China. This is his first China tour since taking office in January.

BEIJING, Nov. 27 (Xinhua) -- Days after the United States announced to cut its carbon dioxide emissions by 17 percent from 2005 levels by 2020, China promised to slice carbon intensity in 2020 by 40 to 45 percent compared with 2005 levels.     The respective policy movements of both China and the U.S., the biggest two emitters in the world, won global attention, if not instant applause. The early signs of the concerted efforts could be sensed after the two countries, the biggest developed and developing economies, released a joint statement on Nov. 17 during U.S. President Barack Obama's first China visit.     The two sides, according to the joint statement, had a "constructive and fruitful dialogue" on the issue of climate change.     It also said that the two sides were determined, in accordance with their respective national conditions, to take important mitigation actions.     The policy announcements from the two countries came just as the international community was worried about a possible stalemate at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December in Copenhagen, Denmark.     Although not required by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol for quantitative greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions cut, China, defined by the United Nations as a developing country, still puts a drastic slash of its GHGs emissions in the coming ten years, even at cost of lowering its own economic development speed.     Economists estimated that China might double its current gross domestic product (GDP) by 2020. A 45-percent reduction of carbon emissions per unit of GDP means China would emit slightly more carbon dioxide than current levels.     At the same time, the Chinese government voluntarily set "the binding goal," which is to be incorporated into China's mid- and long-term national social and economic development plans.     It's much more than a developing nation is expected to offer, out of responsibility of and sincerity to addressing the common challenge faced by the international community.     Held by the UNFCCC accountable for contributing most of the total global carbon dioxide emissions, which were assumed to warm the planet and consequently result in natural disasters, many industrialized countries dodged their responsibilities of cutting emissions to levels that meet requirements of the Kyoto Protocol and the Bali Roadmap.     The United States, in spite of announcing a meaningful emissions cut of 17 percent, still lags far behind what the UNFCCC requires developed countries to behave.     In the Sino-U.S. joint statement, the two sides were committed to reach a legal agreement at the Copenhagen conference, which includes emissions reduction targets of developed countries and appropriate mitigation actions of developing countries on the basis of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.     The U.S. and China also agreed substantial financial assistance to developing countries on technology development, promotion and transfer, which was largely invalid in the past years.     As China takes the lead to exemplify how a developing country, with the world's biggest population, could do to a better future of the world, it is now the developed world's turn to show their sincere care for a greener Earth.

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BEIJING, Jan. 8 (Xinhua) -- China issued a directive Friday that aims to promote renovation of the substandard dwellings in the country's urban areas and at state-owned factories and mines, in a move to improve the livelihood of low-income people.     Renovation of squatter homes in cities and at state-owned factories should be completed in the next fives years, according to the directive posted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on its website.     Priority should be given to "the shanty towns covering large areas and with severe safety defects," according to the ministry.     It also urged relevant departments to give full respect to the rights and interests of the people living in substandard dwellings, who are mainly low-income laid-off workers, and to ensure that renovating work be conducted in an open and fair way.     The directive put forward multiple ways to finance the renovation work, including government funds, favorable loans from financial institutions, and tax rebates.     By the end of 2008, China had 11.48 million families living in substandard housing, 7.44 million of which lived in cities, 2.38 million near state-owned plants and mines, 1.66 million in forest zones and reclamation areas.

BEIJING, Oct. 26 -- Delegations from more than 84 countries and regions will participate the ITD conference Monday, and a host of international experts from governments, the private sector and academia will make presentations and lead discussions on this important topic.     The ITD is a cooperative venture formed in 2002 and comprised of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the European Commission and the UK Department for International Development.     Its purpose is to foster dialogue on important topics in tax policy and administration and to function as a disseminator and repository of information on matters of interest in taxation around the world, through its website, www.itdweb.org.     The IMF attaches great importance to its role as a founding member of the ITD. Recent events in the world economy have made even clearer the necessity of international cooperation and sharing experience in economic matters, and this is the very purpose, which the ITD serves.     The topic of this conference is a timely and critical one. The world has been reminded recently and forcefully of the great importance of the financial sector for macroeconomic stability, growth, and development goals. The sector plays a critical intermediating function - without it credit could not exist, capital could not be channeled to useful purposes and risks could not be managed.     The conference will take place against the background of the worst financial and economic crisis to strike the world in three generations, and, while taxation was not itself the cause of the crisis, elements of the tax system are relevant to its background and resolution.     Most tax systems embody incentives for corporations, financial institutions and in some cases individuals to use debt rather than equity finance.     This is likely to have contributed to the crisis by leading to higher levels of debt than would otherwise have existed - even though there were no obvious tax changes that would explain rapid increases in debt. Tax distortions may also have encouraged the development of complex and opaque financial instruments and structures, including through extensive use of low-tax jurisdictions - which in turn contributed to the difficulty of identifying true levels of risk.     The magnitude of the fiscal challenges facing the world economy is greater than at any other time since World War II.     Estimates done by IMF staff on the fiscal adjustment necessary to bring government debt-to-GDP ratios down to 60 percent by 2030 - over 20 years hence - show a gap in the cyclically adjusted primary balances of some 8 percentage points of GDP in advanced economies to be closed between 2010 and 2020.     This cannot all be accomplished by expenditure reduction. New, or increased, sources of revenue will need to be found, on average perhaps 3 percentage points of GDP. While improvements in compliance and administration could account for some of that gap, it will be necessary to adjust tax policies to a degree not hitherto seen on a wide scale.     Although the world economy remains weak with downside risks and much hardship remain, signs of improvement are thankfully now visible.     This is an opportune juncture, therefore, to begin the work of planning countries' exits from the deteriorated fiscal positions developed in response to the crisis, and to give thought to questions raised by the performance of the financial sector in triggering the crisis.     What role can better tax policies and administration play in preventing a recurrence of this costly episode in economic history?     The financial sector has been, and must continue to be, a critical link in the development of the world's economies. The sector has played a key role in accelerating the development of the emerging markets - many of which, prior to this most recent episode, had grown able to tap the world's financial resources at an increasing rate unparalleled in history.     And for the world's most vulnerable economies, continued financial deepening will be absolutely necessary to permit them to meet their development goals. The upcoming conference will consider the role of taxation in both the industrial and developing countries with respect to these goals.     The conference will address not only the role of the financial sector as a source of revenue itself, and its broader role in the development and growth of the world economy, but also its function in assisting in administration of the tax system-through information reporting, collection of tax payments, and withholding.     This latter role will become ever more important with growing international cooperation in fighting tax evasion and avoidance.     Finally, we must not lose sight of the main function of the tax system - to raise revenue in an economically efficient, non-distortionary, and administratively feasible manner.     Even fully recognizing the existence of both market failures and policy-induced vulnerabilities, including those that contributed to this crisis, it is important to avoid accidentally introducing distortions through the tax system that may prove worse than the evils they are intended to remedy.     "Neutrality" of taxation of the financial sector in this sense is a benchmark against which deviations from this objective may be measured and judged.     One must ask whether any proposed interventions are targeted at a recognized externality or existing distortion, and, if so, whether the proposed action is the most appropriate response. And the multilateral institutions, in particular, must look to the effects which the financial sector and its taxation may have not only on the world's highly developed economies-those with the greatest depth of financial intermediation-but at the effects, direct and indirect, on the world's developing nations.     International cooperation on these matters will be critical to making improvements that will benefit all of us. This week's important event, hosted by the Chinese government and organized by the ITD, is itself a model in this regard.

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SINGAPORE, Nov. 11 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao met here Wednesday evening with Singaporean President S. R. Nathan, with both exchanging views on further developing bilateral ties between the two countries.     President Hu said that as the two countries are to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations next year, China is ready to provide Singapore with a pair of pandas for joint research in a bid to further enhance the friendly feelings between the people of the two countries. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R, front), accompanied by Singapore's President S.R. Nathan (R, rear), inspects the honour guard during a welcome ceremony in honor of Hu in Singapore, on Nov. 11, 2009President Nathan said that China's decision to offer a pair of pandas to Singapore is an important symbol of friendship between the two peoples.     During the meeting with Nathan, Hu said the bilateral relations have witnessed rapid growth since the two countries established diplomatic ties 19 years ago.     The two sides have maintained frequent exchange of high-level visits and achieved fruitful cooperation in various fields, said the Chinese leader. Chinese President Hu Jintao (2nd L) and his wife Liu Yongqing (1st L) pose for a group photo with Singapore's President S.R. Nathan (2nd R) and Nathan's wife in Singapore, on Nov. 11, 2009. Expressing satisfaction with the good momentum in the development of bilateral relations, Hu said China attaches great importance to its relations with Singapore and is ready to deepen mutually beneficial cooperation, so as to make greater contribution to peace, stability and prosperity of Asia.     Hu emphasized that human resource is a key area of bilateral cooperation, to which both sides have always paid great attention.     Strengthening exchanges between the young people of both countries is conducive to the long-term and stable growth of bilateral links, he said.     Hu also briefed Nathan about the measures that China has taken to offset the impact of the international financial crisis and to maintain a stable and relatively rapid growth of the economy, as well as the effects of these measures.     Nathan warmly welcomed Hu's state visit to Singapore, saying the visit is of milestone significance in the development of the bilateral relations.     Under the current circumstances of rampant trade protectionism, China's success in addressing the challenge of the global financial crisis and maintaining a rapid economic growth deserves admiration and congratulation from Singapore, he said.     Nathan said that as the People's Republic of China celebrated this year the 60th anniversary of its founding, the great changes in China have brought about opportunities for the whole region and benefited every country in the region.     He said Singapore and China enjoy a close relationship as bilateral cooperation in various fields grow smoothly. Singapore hopes to further strengthen exchanges and cooperation with China in various areas such as economy and trade, tourism and education and to expand cooperation at local levels, he added.     Nathan said Singapore is also ready to expand cooperation with China in the area of human resource development.     Noting that Asia is frequently striken by natural disasters, Nathan said China has accumulated valuable experience in disaster relief during the severe earthquakes in Sichuan last year and in post-disaster rehabilitation for other countries to learn from.     Before the meeting, Nathan held a welcome ceremony for Hu.     President Hu arrived here Wednesday afternoon for a state visit to Singapore. This is the final leg of his two-nation Southeast Asia trip, which has already taken him to Malaysia.     During his stay in Singapore, President Hu will also attend the Economic Leaders Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) slated for Nov. 14-15.

KYONGJU, South Korea, Dec. 18 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping met South Korean Gyeongsangbuk-do Governor Kim Kwanyong here Friday.     Xi said China and South Korea, with a long history of friendship, have witnessed strong growth in their relations since the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1992, and the two countries had set up a strategic and cooperative partnership.     Xi said he met and reached broad consensus with South Korean leaders during the past two days, and made extensive communications with South Korean people from all walks of life. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (L, front) meets with Kim Kwan-Yong, Gyeongsangbuk-do Governor, in Gyeongju, South Korea, Dec. 18, 2009Xi said his South Korea trip was a success, achieving the expected goal of expanding consensus, promoting friendship and pushing forward cooperation.     Xi said communications between Chinese and South Korean provinces and cities account for a large part of the bilateral ties. He called on Gyeongsangbuk-do to strengthen communications and deepen cooperation with its Chinese sister province of Henan, and make a positive contribution to the development of ties between the two countries. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (R, front) meets with Kim Kwan-Yong, Gyeongsangbuk-do Governor, in Gyeongju, South Korea, Dec. 18, 2009    Kim greeted Xi on behalf of the local people. The governor hoped that the economic, cultural and local communications between South Korea and China would be further enhanced by Xi's visit.     Xi arrived in South Korea Wednesday night after a visit to Japan. He will also visit Myanmar and Cambodia.