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BEIJING, Jan. 7 (Xinhua) -- Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang urged the country's railway departments to make efforts to promote safe railway transport and build quality railway projects to better serve socio-economic development.     Continuous efforts should be made to relieve railway transport capacity shortage and further expand the country's railways network, Zhang told a national railway conference.     "Although shortage of the country's passenger and goods transportation by railways has been eased to some extent, railways are still a bottleneck restricting economic development," Zhang said.     He stressed railway technology innovation, railway project quality and improvement of services for the convenience of passengers.     Zhang also urged railway departments make full preparations to cope with traffic peak during the upcoming holiday, when millions of people rush back home for the Spring Festival, China's Lunar New Year, which falls on Feb. 14.     In 2009, China's railways saw a passenger flow of 1.52 billion and transported 3.32 billion tonnes of freight, both breaking records. The country's railways are expected to see a record of 1.64 billion passenger trips in 2010, up 7.6 percent from last year.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) on Wednesday slapped punitive penalties to imports of some 2.6 billion dollar oil country tubular goods (OCTG) from China, a move might escalate trade disputes between the two countries.     The ITC "has made affirmative determination in its final phase countervailing duty (CVD) investigation" concerning the oil pipes from China, said the ITC in a statement.     The trade agency has determined that "a U.S. industry is materially injured or threatened with material injury by reason of imports of certain oil country tubular goods from China that the U.S. Department Commerce has determined are subsidized," according to the statementThe U.S. Commerce Department made a final determination last month to impose duties between 10.36 percent and 15.78 percent on the pipes, which are mostly used in the oil and gas industries.     The ITC ruling paved the way for the imposition of duties.     The Commerce Department made its preliminary determination of CVD in September.     On Nov. 4, the Commerce also set preliminary antidumping (AD) duties on such imports from China, which is the biggest U.S. trade action against China.     Under that preliminary determination, Commerce set a 36.53 percent antidumping levy on OCTG from 37 Chinese companies, while some other Chinese companies will receive a preliminary dumping rate of 99.14 percent.     Commerce will make its final determination of antidumping duties early next year.     If Commerce makes an affirmative final determination, and the ITC makes an affirmative final determination that imports of oil tubular goods from China materially injures, or threaten material injury to, the domestic industry, Commerce will issue an antidumping duty order.     The antidumping and countervailing petition case was filed in April this year.     From 2006 to 2008, imports of OCTG from China increased 203 percent by value and amounted to an estimated 2.7 billion dollars in 2008, said the U.S. Commerce Department.     China strongly opposed the U.S. decision, saying that it is a protectionist move.     "China expressed strong dissatisfaction and is resolutely opposed to this," said China's Ministry of Commerce (MOC) spokesman Yao Jian in a statement in September.     "This does not comply with WTO agreements on subsidies. The U.S. used an incorrect method to define and calculate the subsidies, which has resulted in an artificially high subsidy rate, hurting Chinese firms' interests," said Yao.     "We hope the United States can get rid of the bias and admit China's market economy status soon to tackle the double standards thoroughly and give Chinese enterprises equal and fair treatment," Yao also said last month.     The U.S. industries also expressed strong dissatisfaction with the trade case, saying such a protectionist move would hurt U.S. companies.     The trade restrictions would "hurt U.S. using industries by raising their costs and making sources of supply uncertain," Eugene Patrone, executive director of the Consuming Industries Trade Action Coalition (CITAC) told Xinhua in September.     He noted that the tariffs would make oil and gas exploration and production be more expensive, projects be delayed, "which is against our national goal of being less dependent on imported energy."     The onset of the global recession appears to have set off an increase in trade disputes around the world.     Globally, new requests for protection from imports in the first half of 2009 are up 18.5 percent over the first half of 2008, according to the World Bank-sponsored Global Anti-dumping Database organized by Chad P. Bown, a Brandeis University economics professor.     That increase follows a 44 percent increase in new investigations in 2008.     And China has become the main target of the rising protectionism.     In another steel dispute, the U.S. Commerce Department said on Tuesday that it will impose antidumping tariffs of 14 percent to 145 percent on imports of 91 million dollar steel grating from China. A final determination will be made by the department in April 2010.

BEIJING, Oct. 29 (Xinhua) -- Equality has become a catchphrase when Chinese lawmakers mull over two major moves in the history of China's legislative progress.     Chinese rural and urban people are about to get equal representation in lawmaking bodies. It means farmers will have the same say in the country's decision-making process as urbanites.     At the five-day legislative session beginning Tuesday, members of national legislature discussed to give rural and urban people equal representation in people's congresses.     A draft amendment to the Electoral Law was tabled at the bimonthly meeting of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee. It requires that both rural and urban areas adopt the same ratio of deputies to the people's congresses.     The electoral system is the foot stone of democracy, and the principle of equality is a prerequisite to guarantee people's democratic rights.     The Electoral Law was enacted in 1953 and completely revised in1979. It then underwent four minor amendments.     Senior people are still nostalgic about the bean-counting way of electing their representatives in villages, which was the country's primitive mode of democracy after New China was founded in 1949.     Candidates who stood for election as deputies to a people's congress were elected if they received more than half of the beans.     Later voters began to use ballots.     After the last amendment in 1995, the law stipulates that each rural deputy represents a population four times that in urban areas.     That means in China, every 960,000 rural residents and every 240,000 urbanites are represented by one rural and urban NPC deputy respectively.     Critics say this can be interpreted as "farmers only enjoy a quarter of the suffrage of their urban counterparts."     During previous amendments in the 1980s, the difference was even as great as eight times.     But Li Shishi, director of the Commission for Legislative Affairs of the NPC Standing Committee, said such a provision is "in accordance with the country's political system and social conditions of that time" and is "completely necessary" as the rural population is much more than that of cities and an equal ratio of rural and urban representation will mean an excessive number of rural deputies.     Rural population made up almost 90 percent of the country's total in 1949. With the process of urbanization, the ratio of urban and rural residents was about 45.7 to 54.3 last year.     Li said that with rapid urbanization and rural economic development, the time is right for equal representation, which is conducive to "mobilizing people's enthusiasm and creativity" and the development of democracy.     Zhou Hanhua, a research fellow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the draft amendment is inline with social change, and "from the legal perspective it shows that all rights are equal under the law."     Obviously, the change will be a significant political progress and it is in line with the constitutional spirit that "everyone in the nation is equal."     It also reflects the transition of the country's urban and rural society.     According to the law, the number of deputies to the NPC is limited within 3,000, and the distribution of NPC deputies is decided by the NPC Standing Committee, the top legislature.     The draft amendment says the quotas of NPC deputies are distributed to 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions on the basis of their population, which ensures equal representation among regions and ethnic groups.     Another big issue that lawmakers deliberate at the session this week is to grant "equal compensation" to the victims of traffic, mining and industrial accidents as well as medical negligence, among others, regardless of the victims' identity, status, income and regional disparity.     The proposal is specified in the draft on tort liability, which is deliberated by members of the NPC Standing Committee for the third time.     Farmer victims normally get much less compensation than their urban counterparts. And there are often disputes from "different prices paid to different lives."     At the session, lawmakers consider to set the same compensation for all victims of an accident that results in many deaths.     It will be a significant step if the draft law on tort liability is adopted by the legislature, as it ensures equal rights for each Chinese and shows respect for every human life.

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SHANGHAI, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Visiting U.S. President Barack Obama said here Monday the United States does not seek to contain China's rise and he welcomes China to be a "strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations."     Obama made the remarks during a dialogue with Chinese youths in China's economic hub Shanghai.     He said the world is fundamentally interconnected and power in the 21st century is no long a zero-sum game.     "The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect and the security we seek are all shared, " he said. "One country's success does not come at the expense of another."     He arrived in Shanghai late on Sunday and met city officials Monday morning before his meeting with young Chinese.     He will head to Beijing Monday afternoon.

SHANGHAI, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- U.S. President Barack Obama said here Monday the U.S.-China cooperation enables both countries to be more prosperous and more secure and that young people are the best ambassadors.     Obama had a dialogue with 500-strong Chinese college students Monday afternoon in the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, a highlighted activity in the first stop of his four-day maiden trip to China since taking office in January.     He covered a wide range of topics, notably the outlook of Sino-U.S. cooperation and youth exchanges between the two countries, while delivering opening remarks and answering questions from the students and Chinese Internet users.     POSITIVE SINO-U.S. TIES     Obama said China is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promises of the future and that the same can be said of the relationship between the two countries. The Shanghai Communiqué signed 37 years ago opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between the governments and the people of the two countries, he said.     "Today we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time: economic recovery, development of clean energy, stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the surge of climate change, and the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe," Obama said.     "We have seen what is possible when we build on our mutual interests and engage on the basis of mutual respect."     The success of that engagement depends on understanding, on sustaining an open dialogue and learning about one another and from one another, he said.     "Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulties. But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined," Obama said, noting that the two countries "share much in common" while they are "different in certain ways."     He said one country's success need not come at the expense of another.     "That is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise; on the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations, a China that draws on the rights, strengths and creativity of individual Chinese like you," Obama said to the students.     YOUNG PEOPLE BEST AMBASSADORS     Obama announced in his speech that the United States would further expand its youth exchanges with China by increasing the number of students studying in China to 100,000.     "These exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help us determine the destiny of the 21st century," he said.     He said young people in China and U.S. are the best ambassadors and that cooperation between the countries should go beyond the governments.     "I believe strongly that cooperation must grow beyond our government. It must be rooted in our people, in the studies we share, in the business we do, in the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports we play, and these bridges must be built by men and women just like you, and your counterparts in America," Obama said.     "I am absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people, for they just like you are filled with talent, energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.     "So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation between our two nations and the world," Obama said.     "If there is one thing we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward," Obama said in his speech. 

BEIJING, Nov. 9 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang on Monday called on health authorities to ensure safety in the production, storage, transportation, and inoculation process of the vaccines against A/H1N1 influenza, for the health of the public.     Li made the remarks when visiting the Beijing-based National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, where the country's self-developed vaccines against the A/H1N1 flu are tested. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (C) gets to know the examining conditions of A/H1N1 flu vaccine during an inspection of the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products in Beijing, capital of China, on Nov. 9, 2009. Li Keqiang inspected here on Monday, which further highlighted the government's resolve to carry on the influenza vaccination campaign amid the growing infections. "Safety and quality are of top priority," Li said, adding that the inoculation of the A/H1N1 vaccines should always be conducted on an "informed, voluntary, and free" basis.     Li noted that autumns and winters were high-occurrence seasons for the flu, and urged the authorities to improve disease prevention and treatment in order to stop the disease from fast spreading across the country.     Authorities should focus on disease prevention in key venues and areas, especially schools, and make active efforts to prevent and deal with mass infection of the disease, Li said. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (1st R, front) gets to know the production and price of A/H1N1 flu vaccine during an inspection of the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products in Beijing, capital of China, on Nov. 9, 2009.They should also give stronger support to disease prevention in the central and western parts of the country, especially in the ethnic minority-dominated regions, Li said.     Li asked health workers to try their best to keep the disease's death toll from rising and add traditional Chinese medicines into the prevention and treatment of the flu.     As of Monday, the Chinese mainland has reported more than 60,000 cases of the A/H1N1 flu, of which 30 had been fatal. A total of 242 patients were in critical conditions, the Ministry of Health said.     As of Monday, the country has inoculated more than 87 million people with A/H1N1 vaccines. China is the world's first country to issue a production license for the vaccines against the A/H1N1 flu.

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BEIJING, Dec. 18 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao recently called for the whole nation to make further advancement in reform of the cadre and personnel system.     Vice President Xi Jinping, also a Standing Committee member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, made the indications on the issue as well, noting that more achievement should be made in building a scientific cadre's selection and appointment system.     The CPC central committee has approved the outline of deepening the reform of cadre and personnel system (2010-2020) and it has been formally released. The plan put forward the goal and major tasks of the reform in next ten years.     The plan stressed the importance in dealing key issues concerning leadership and cadre cultivation, in making correct standard of cadre appointment and in improving the public credibility of cadre selection.

TOKYO, Nov. 19 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi met with Japanese counterpart Katsuya Okada Thursday evening to discuss bilateral ties as well as international and regional issues of common concern.     Yang said after the new government was formed after the Aug. 30general election of Japan, leaders of the two countries have met under many circumstances to reach important consensus on strengthening strategic mutual beneficial relations. The bilateral ties are embracing fresh opportunities of development and a main purpose of his visit is to discuss with the Japanese side how to further improve the relations.     Yang said the two countries should maintain high-level mutual visits and economic dialogues to deepen cooperation. On issues where divergences still remain, the two countries should seek solutions on the basis of dialogue and consultation.     Yang also suggested Japan and China should work to ensure the peace and stability of East Asia, which includes measures to bring Democratic People's Republic of Korea back to six-party talks and denuclearize the Korean Peninsula. They also discussed issues such as climate change.     Okada also believed Japan and China should increase communication in all areas to enhance the mutually beneficial bilateral ties.     Yang also met with Speaker of the House of Representatives Takahiro Yokomichi and President of the House of Councillors Satsuki Eda on Thursday.     Yang told the Speakers of Lower and Upper Houses that the Shanghai Expo, which is to open next May, is a good channel of friendly communication between China and the rest of the world. China appreciated the assistance provided by the Japanese Diet to the preparation of the Expo and will continue to work with Japan to enhance cultural and personnel communication between the two countries.     The Japanese Speakers of the Diet said China and Japan should not only closely cooperate on bilateral issues, but also work together to settle regional, international and global issues. They emphasized communication between the legislation bodies are important and the Japanese Diet will exert every effort to boost bilateral ties. They also said Japan is actively preparing for the participation of Shanghai Expo and believed the Expo will be a success.     Chinese Ambassador to Japan Cui Tiankai was present during the meetings.     Yang's four-day visit to Japan, which started here Thursday, is the first since the country saw a change of government in September.

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MANILA, Nov. 19 (Xinhua) -- China's top political adviser, Jia Qinglin, and Philippines Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile pledged to boost cooperation between the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and the Philippine Senate when they met here Thursday.     Jia, chairman of the CPPCC National Committee, said China-Philipines ties had witnessed healthy development since the two countries established diplomatic ties in 1975.     "China and the Philippines share broad common interests," Jia said, highlighting the enhanced mutual political trust, booming economic and trade ties, frequent humanitarian and cultural exchanges and close coordination on international and regional issues. Jia Qinglin (R Front), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, meets with Juan Ponce Enrile, president of the Philippine Senate, in Manila on Nov. 19, 2009. Jia Qinglin arrived in Manila on Nov. 19 for a two-day official goodwill visit to the Philippines    China appreciated the Philippine parliament's firm adherence to the one-China policy on the Taiwan issue, Jia noted.     He said China and the Philippines could further cooperate in fighting the global economic crisis and China would like to enhance cooperation with the Philippines in such sectors as trade, two-way investment, tourism, education and culture with the principle of equality and mutual benefit, he said.     Jia spoke highly of the close contact and exchange between the CPPCC and the Philippines Senate, pledging to step up exchanges and learn from each other to promote the social development of the two countries.     Enrile said the Philippines enjoyed great benefits from the friendly and cooperative ties with China.     He appreciated China's aid to the typhoon-hit areas of the Philippines and vowed to unswervingly stick to the one-China policy.     After their talks, Jia and Enrile witnessed the signing of several agreements on economic, education and disaster relief cooperation.     Jia arrived in Malina Thursday afternoon for a two-day official visit as guest of Enrile. He will also visit Peru, Ecuador and Brazil.

CAIRO, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Saturday met Arab League Secretary General Amr Musa and expressed China's willingness to further its cooperation with the Arab countries by enriching the contents of the China-Arab friendly cooperation. The Chinese premier met the Arab League secretary general at the league's headquarters in Cairo.     "Under the current international political and economic circumstances which are undergoing profound and complicated changes, it is in the interests of both China and the Arab countries to strengthen cooperation which contributes toward world peace, stability and development," the Chinese premier said.     Wen told Musa that China is willing to pool efforts with the Arab League and Arab countries to render the China-Arab Cooperation Forum into a more effective platform which will result in more progress. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L) meets with Arab League Secretary General Amr Moussa at the headquarters of the Arab League in downtown Cairo Nov. 7, 2009    "Both China and the Arab countries belong to the developing world," said the Chinese premier who expressed his appreciation for Musa's positive contribution toward the promotion of the Arab-China friendly relations.     The Arab League secretary general said during the meeting that Wen's speech delivered earlier at the Arab League headquarters highlighted the importance China has attached to developing its friendly relations with the Arab world.     Musa expressed his gratitude to China for its support to the just Arab causes. He reiterated the league's support to China's territorial integrity.     He hoped that the Arab League would cooperate with China in all fields to promote the Arab-China Cooperation Forum and to promote world peace, regional stability and development.