中国地方政府竞争与制度变迁1

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BEIJING, March 23 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao held talks with his visiting Uruguayan counterpart Tabare Vazquez here Monday. They agreed to promote bilateral relations to a higher level. Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) hosts a welcoming ceremony for Uruguayan President Tabare Vazquez at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 23, 2009.During the meeting, Uruguay recognized the full market status of Chinese economy, according to press release from the Chinese Foreign Ministry.     Hu spoke positively about Uruguay's adherence to the one-China policy and its firm support on issues concerning Taiwan and Tibet. He highlighted the rapid growth of bilateral relations since the two forged diplomatic relationship 21 years ago.     China has become the third biggest trading partner of Uruguay and the two sides have enjoyed close coordination and cooperation in regional and international issues, Hu said.     Vazquez said the two countries have made important progress in cooperation in various fields since they established diplomatic relations.     The two sides share broad consensus on many major issues. Both sides support peaceful resolution to international disputes and oppose interference of other country's internal affairs, Vazquez said.     The growth of bilateral relations will serve the interests of both nations and their peoples, Vazquez added.     Hu suggested the two sides strengthen political relations and expand dialogues at various levels. He also called for expanded cooperation in investment, trade and technology for their mutual benefits.     He named agriculture, fishery, product quality inspection, software and engineering technology consultation as fields where cooperation should be strengthened.     "The Chinese government encourages its companies to start businesses and invest in Uruguay and is willing to boost bilateral cooperation in energy, information technology industry, biological technology and agricultural technology", Hu said.     He also proposed the two nations boost cultural and people-to-people exchanges by expanding cooperation in culture, education, sports, media, and tourism sectors.     "China will make joint efforts with developing countries, including Uruguay, to address global challenges such as the current international financial crisis in an aim to maintain and promote peace, stability and development", the Chinese president said.     He added that China supports the integration process of the Common Market of the South and is willing to develop friendly and cooperative ties with its member states.     The two heads of the state also consulted on the international financial crisis.     Hu said China is willing to strengthen cooperation with developing countries including Uruguay to jointly face up to various global challenges such as the financial crisis, and safeguard and promote peace, stability and development across the world.     He said China attaches high importance to the G20 Summit scheduled for April 2 in London and is committed to intensifying dialogue and communication with the participating parties to ensure the summit will produce positive outcomes.     Vazquez stressed the necessity for the establishment of a new international financial order and expressed his hope the summit will lead to positive results that will help alleviate the impact of the financial crisis on developing countries.     After the talks, the two presidents witnessed a signing of a number of bilateral agreements.     At the invitation of Hu, Vazquez arrived in Beijing Saturday morning for a six-day state visit.     Vazquez will leave Beijing for a visit to Shanghai on March 24.     This is President Vazquez's first visit to China since he took office in 2005.

MONTEGO BAY, Jamaica, Feb. 14 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping on Saturday broke ground for a China-funded convention center in Montego Bay, north of Jamaica.     At the ceremony, Xi described the amity between China and Jamaica with a Chinese saying which says bosom friends stay close at heart though thousands of miles apart.     The China-Jamaica friendly partnership for common development, established in 2005, has led the bilateral cooperation into a new stage as mutual understanding and trust between the two peoples were deepened and cooperation in various fields achieved remarkable progress, Xi said. Visiting Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (L) shakes hands with Jamaican Prime Minister Bruce Golding during the ground-breaking ceremony for the Montego Bay Convention Center, which is contracted to be built by China, in Montego Bay, Jamaica, Feb. 14, 2009China highly values the friendly and cooperative relations with the Caribbean region, and is determined to build an all-around cooperative partnership for equality, mutual benefit and common development with Latin American-Caribbean countries, Xi said.     With a project budget of about 52 million U.S. dollars, the convention center, once completed, will provide approximately 20,000 square meters of rooms for meetings, exhibitions and other events.     Xi said the convention center will become not only a new sight in the coastal tourism city, but also a milestone in the China-Jamaica mutually beneficial cooperation.     Jamaican Prime Minister Bruce Golding, Minister of Tourism Edmund Bartlett, Montego Bay Mayor Charles Sinclair were also present at the groundbreaking ceremony.     Xi concluded his visit to Jamaica in the afternoon and left for Colombia to continue his six-nation tour, which includes the trips to Mexico, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and Malta.

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SYDNEY, March 22 (Xinhua) -- Li Changchun, a senior official of the Communist Party of China (CPC), praised the role of New South Wales, the most developed state in Australia, in pushing forward the development of Sino-Australian relationship here on Sunday.     While meeting Australian acting Governor-General and New South Wales State governor Marie Bashir, Li, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, said he was pleased to see the expansion of mutual benefits and cooperation in all fields between China and NSW following the all-round development of bilateral ties between both countries. Marie Bashir (L), Australian acting governor-general and New South Wales State governor, meets with Li Changchun, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in Sydney, Australia, March 22, 2009. "NSW is characterized with rich resources, developed economy, advanced science and technology and multi-culture, and is the state in the country in which Chinese companies have invested most," said Li, who is in Australia on a five-day visit.     He also said that the friendly exchange, mutual benefits and cooperation are the important basis and driving force of the all-around development of the two countries and he hoped to see the further development of bilateral economic and trade cooperation, cultural exchange and people-to-people friendship which help to push forward the friendly relations of the two countries.     Bashir told Li that she has visited China many times since 1974and witnessed the profound changes in China over the past 30 years. She said she always believed that the friendly cooperation in all sectors is the major factor in enhancing the peaceful development in the Asia-Pacific region. Marie Bashir (L), Australian acting governor-general and New South Wales State governor, meets with Li Changchun, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in Sydney, Australia, March 22, 2009.On the same day, Li also visited the Australian office of China's Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd in Sydney and encouraged the Chinese companies like Huawei which are marching towards the global market to overcome the difficulties caused by the global financial crisis, strengthen cooperation with foreign countries, expand market sales and make faster development.     Li arrived in Australia on Friday. Australia is the first-leg of Li's four-nation tour which will also take him to Myanmar, the Republic of Korea and Japan.

WASHINGTON, March 12 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi on Thursday proposed some major guidelines for China and the United States to promote sound and steady growth of bilateral relations in the new era. Speaking at a luncheon meeting at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Yang expressed satisfaction that the two countries have worked together and ensured a smooth transition of bilateral relations in the past 50 days since the new U.S. administration took office.     The two sides have established good working relations at the top level and between various government departments and maintained close consultation and coordination in bilateral and multilateral areas, he said. Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi delivers a speech at the center for strategic & international studies (CSIS) in Washington, the United States of America on March 12, 2009.    "A good beginning is half the success," Yang said, noting that this good start has laid the groundwork for the further growth of China-U.S. relations.     "We should now set our sight on the longer term and draw up a good blueprint for China-U.S. relations in the coming years. We should make concerted efforts and promote sound and steady growth of our relations," he said.     To do this, the minister proposed some guidelines which he believed could help advance China-U.S. relations in the coming years.     First, he said, both sides should adopt a strategic and long-term perspective and keep the relations on the right track.     China and the United States now have more common interests and a broader foundation of cooperation on a series of major and pressing issues facing today's world, according to the minister. The strategic significance and global influence of China-U.S. relations have further increased and their relations in the new era should be broader and deeper.     The minister believed that the two countries should work together in an all-around way to raise bilateral relations to a new and much higher level of cooperation in the 21st century on the basis of mutual respect, seeking common ground while shelving differences and cooperation for win-win results.     Second, Minister Yang said, both sides should maintain close dialogue and exchanges at the top and other levels and cement the political foundation of the relations.     Over the years, he said, close communication and frequent exchanges between the two countries "have given a strong boost to the sustained, sound and steady growth of our relations."     He hoped that both sides will work together and launch proposed "China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogues" mechanism at an early date so that through continued discussions on strategic, overarching and long-term issues of mutual interest, they will further enhance mutual trust and cooperation.     Third, according to the minister, both sides should expand mutually-beneficial cooperation and inject fresh impetus into the relations. U.S. President Barack Obama (R) meets with Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi at the White House, Washington, the United States, on March 12, 2009The priority for China and the United States at the moment, Yang said, is to tackle the international financial crisis through intensified cooperation and work together to maintain and promote world financial and economic stability.     He said China and the United States share important common interests with respect to climate change, energy and the environment and have broader prospects to cooperate in such fields as counter-terrorism, nonproliferation, military-to-military relations, science and technology, culture and health.     The fourth guideline, he believed, is that both sides should respect and accommodate each other's core interests and make every effort to minimize potential disruption and damage to the relations.     The minister urged the U.S. side to handle Taiwan-related issues prudently and properly and respect the Chinese people's position of upholding state sovereignty and territorial integrity on equal sensitive issues related to Tibet.     For the fifth, Minister Yang said that both sides should promote dialogue and exchanges between people of the two countries and build stronger public support for the relations.     "We will not forget that the ice in China-U.S. relations began to thaw with the mutual visits of our pingpong teams," he said.     "The tremendous progress made in our relations over the last 30years would not have been possible without the active involvement and support of people from all walks of life in both countries," he added.     "It is of particular importance to look ahead to the future and vigorously promote and support exchanges and cooperation between the young people, so that the cause of China-U.S. friendship will endure and prosper further, the minister stressed. Yang is here on a five-day working visit as a guest of U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

BEIJING, April 12 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government's proposals for strengthening cooperation with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) show that China remains fully confident about the prospects of China-ASEAN cooperation.     During a meeting in Beijing with envoys of the 10 ASEAN countries, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi briefed them about the Chinese government's proposals for enhancing China-ASEAN cooperation in an all-round way. Yang has just returned home from Thailand late Saturday where scheduled ASEAN meetings were postponed due to domestic unrest in that country. Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi (C) meets with envoys of 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), in Beijing, capital of China, on April 12, 2009.China's proposals for strengthening its cooperation with ASEAN include the signing of an investment agreement. The agreement, which was scheduled to be signed during the scheduled meetings, would be conducive to the establishment of the China-ASEAN free trade area.     This demonstrates that that the series of relevant measures China has already decided to adopt will remain unchanged and that China has full confidence in the future of China-ASEAN friendly cooperation, despite the postponement of ASEAN meetings.     Strengthening and deepening cooperation is the common wish of the two sides, and is also an important avenue for fighting protectionism and enhancing their ability to resist risks in the current economic circumstances.     As close neighbors, China and ASEAN countries have enjoyed increased cooperation in various areas. In the face of the global financial crisis, it has become the consensus of both sides that they should work together to ride out the present difficulties.     Expanded cooperation between China and ASEAN will help augment their ability to tackle the crisis.     Making joint efforts to push for the signing of an investment agreement displays the determination of both sides to promote trade and investment liberalization, fight protectionism and achieve a win-win result.     Furthermore, the China-ASEAN free trade area, to be completed in 2010, will play an important and profound role in further strengthening China-ASEAN relations and boosting cooperation in the whole of East Asia.     China and ASEAN countries are close and friendly neighbors. The key to continued development of bilateral relations lies in mutual trust, confidence and unremitting efforts.     Only with that can the two sides enjoy solid cooperation and join hands in achieving sustainable development.

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BOAO, Hainan, April 18 (Xinhua) -- Former U.S. President George. W. Bush said Saturday that East Asia is playing a bigger role in global economy, and the world economic center has moved from Atlantic to Asia Pacific.     The Asia Pacific takes up 55 percent of the global economy, and it is of vital interest to stay "heavily engaged" with the countries in the region, he said at a banquet speech held during the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) annual conference 2009. Former U.S. President George W. Bush gives a keynote speech at a dinner session in Boao, a scenic town in south China’s Hainan Province, April 18, 2009. Bush gave a keynote speech on the dinner session titled "The U.S., Asia and the Future" here on Saturday.  "That's why I have never missed a single APEC meeting when I was in office, because I know how important it is to the prosperity," he said.     "The global financial system does need reform, needs greater transparency," he noted.     "Accessible banking standard is needed to be in place to prevent over leverage. A better warning system is needed to be put into place to anticipate crisis," he said. Long Yongtu (L), Secretary General of Boao Forum for Asia (BFA), welcomes former U.S. President George W. Bush at a dinner session in Boao, a scenic town in south China’s Hainan Province, April 18, 2009. Bush gave a keynote speech on the dinner session titled "The U.S., Asia and the Future" here on SaturdayHe said that 20 years ago, a meeting of G7 or G8 was enough to sort out the problems, since they comprised a large share of the global economy. But now they are no longer significantly large, so such a meeting has to expand to 20, said Bush.     "We learn lessons from the past that we are intervened in close coordination with each other," he said.     As the 43rd U.S. president, Bush spoke out the fact that he had maintained good personal relations with China. He said making friends with Chinese leaders made it easier to do diplomacy. Long Yongtu (L), Secretary General of Boao Forum for Asia (BFA), gives a speech while former U.S. President George W. Bush listens at a dinner session in Boao, a scenic town in south China’s Hainan Province, April 18, 2009. Bush gave a keynote speech on the dinner session titled "The U.S., Asia and the Future" here on Saturday. He said changes in China are marvelous, and to have discussions without China sitting at the table makes no sense.     He stressed the world must resist isolation and protectionism, and must resist the temptation to over-correct.     "More we interact, more quickly we can succeed," he said.     In mid-March, Bush gave his first speech after leaving office in Calgary of Canada, which stirred up a protest of 200 people and shoe throwing outside the event, according to media reports.

BEIJING, April 13 (Xinhua) -- House prices in 70 major Chinese cities fell 1.3 percent in March from a year earlier, the National Bureau of Statistics said Monday.     The month-on-month figure, however, rose 0.2 percent in March.     In the first quarter, the area of commercial houses sold rose 8.2 percent to 113 million square meters and sales jumped 23.1 percent to 505.9 billion yuan (74 billion U.S. dollars), the NBS said.     Prices of new houses fell 1.9 percent year-on-year last month but rose 0.1 percent from February. Prices for second-hand houses rose 0.3 percent month-on-month despite of a decline of 0.4 percent from a year earlier.     Analysts warned it was still too early to say the property market had revived, as sales were mainly driven by surging credit and by stimulus policies, such as tax cuts. Other indicators, such as land purchases by developers, had shown no signs of recovery.     Floor areas of newly built houses in the first quarter tumbled 16.2 percent to 201 million sq m. The decline was 1.4 percentage points more than the January-February figure.     Land purchased for homebuilding fell more than 40 percent in the first quarter to 47.42 million sq m, and the actual area developed shrank 11.3 percent to 52.2 million sq m.     China Vanke, the country's biggest property developer by market value, reported on April 11 its first-quarter sales rose 21 percent to 12.22 billion yuan. Those of Poly Real Estate Group, the second-biggest, doubled to 6.48 billion yuan.

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ADDIS ABABA, April 6 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese representative to the 120th Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) on Monday urged all countries to abandon any form of trade and investment protectionism amid the sweeping financial crisis.     "During times of economic difficulties, the international community should abandon all forms of trade and investment protectionism and work for the progress of the Doha round of negotiations at an early date," Uyunqimg, Vice chairwoman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, said at the Addis Ababa meeting. Uyunqimg, Vice-chairwoman of National People's Congress Standing Committee of China, attends the 120th Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) in Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, April 6, 2009. The 120th Assembly of the IPU and its related meetings are being held in Addis Ababa from April 5 to 10, with the overall theme of "Parliament: Building Peace, Democracy and Development in times of Crisis"She told fellow parliamentarians that the outbreak of the global financial crisis added to the destabilizing factors and uncertainties in the international political and economic arenas, and posed grave challenges to the political, economic and social life of various countries.     "Therefore, it is timely and fitting for this IPU Assembly to put the tackling of the crisis top on its agenda," she said.     Due to their low level of economic development, lack of diversity in economic structure and vulnerability of the financial system, developing countries are far more severely affected by the financial crisis than developed countries.     The Chinese official called on the international community, developed countries in particular, to shoulder their due responsibilities and obligations, continue to honor commitments of assistance and debt reduction, maintain and increase assistance to developing countries to help them tide over the difficulties and maintain financial stability and economic growth.     "We hope that parliaments around the world will play a positive role, avoiding any legislation that is protectionist in nature and urging their respective governments to shun any action that may aggravate the economic hardship for developing countries under the current circumstances," she said.     The April 5-10 meeting attracted over 1,000 legislators from around the world, and the delegates are scheduled to discuss the political, economic and social situation in the world with the overall theme of "Parliaments: Building Peace, Democracy and Development in times of crisis."Uyunqimg, Vice-chairwoman of National People's Congress Standing Committee of China, addresses in the 120th Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) in Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, April 6, 2009. The 120th Assembly of the IPU and its related meetings are being held in Addis Ababa from April 5 to 10, with the overall theme of "Parliament: Building Peace, Democracy and Development in times of Crisis".

VALLETTA, Feb. 22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping concluded his six-nation tour here Sunday and left for home. Xi arrived in Valletta on Saturday for a two-day official visit to Malta. During his visit, Xi met with Acting Maltese President George Hyzler, Speaker of House of Representatives Louis Galea and held talks with Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi.     During the meeting with Hyzler, Xi said that Sino-Maltese relations have been developing very well in recent years, with a frequent exchange of high-level visits, enhanced mutually beneficial cooperation, and active exchanges in such fields as culture, education and judicature. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (R, front) inspects the honor guards at a welcoming ceremony held by Maltese Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi (L, front) in Valletta, capital of Malta, Feb. 22, 2009.     China and Malta understand and support each other in major international and regional affairs, he said, adding that the two nations are "old friends and good friends" that have stood the test of time.     For his part, Hyzler thanked China for the sincere help it has provided for Malta, and congratulated China on the great achievements of its modernization drive. He also noted that there has been a good cooperative relationship between Malta and China. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (L3, rear) and Maltese Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi (L4, rear) attend a signing ceremony for a series of agreements between China and Malta, in Valletta, capital of Malta, Feb. 22, 2009While meeting with Galea, Xi said that parliamentary exchange is an important part of Sino-Maltese relations, and that strengthening exchange and cooperation between the two sides is of great significance for the development of bilateral ties and friendship between the two peoples.     Both Hyzler and Galea reaffirmed that the Maltese government and parliament will firmly stick to the one-China policy.     During talks with Prime Minister Gonzi on Sunday morning, Xi said China hopes to consolidate Sino-Maltese cooperation in bid to obtain new and fruitful results through actions to deal with the challenges stemmed from the financial crisis.     Together with Gonzi, Xi attended the signing ceremony for a number of agreements on bilateral cooperation in economy, culture and judicature.     On Saturday, the Chinese vice president also met with former President Guido de Marco and Labor Party leader Joseph Muscat.     Malta was the final leg of Xi's six-nation tour, which also took him to Mexico, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil.