日语论文开题报告

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BEIJING, Dec. 25 (Xinhua) -- The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, studied the implementation of the Law on Labor Contract and the Law on Compulsory Education Thursday at a plenary session.     The legislative session was attended by Wu Bangguo, chairman of the NPC National Committee, and presided over by Chen Zhili, vice chairwoman of the NPC Standing Committee. The third plenary session of the sixth session of the 11th Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress(NPC) is held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, on Dec. 25, 2008. Wu Bangguo, chairman of the Standing Committee of the NPC, attended the session.    Lu Yongxiang, vice chairman of the top legislature, read a report at the session on the practice of the Law on Compulsory Education, which was put into force in 1986 with an overall revision in 2006.     The top legislature checked the implementation of the law in 2007 and 2008, respectively.     Over the past two years, Lu said, the law has entered the stage of an overall popularization throughout the country as it has been fully supported by the state finance and the policy of free compulsory education has been achieved.     But there have been difficulties for the implementation of the law in rural areas, including the lack of funds and quality teachers and the existence of safety problems for school buildings and management in the countryside.     Hua Jianmin, vice chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, made a report on the implementation of the Law on Labor Contract, which went into effect on Jan. 1, 2008. The top legislature checked the practice of the law from mid-September to mid-October, he said.     According to Hua, the implementation of the new law is good in general as the number of labor contracts signed has witnessed a remarkable rise this year and the rights of transient workers from rural areas have been better protected.     However, the practice of the law has met new problems since October, when the impacts of the current global financial crisis spread and the growth of world economy slowed down, he said.     Hua urged that more efforts should be made to publicize the law, so as to better implement it and give greater attention to the protection of laborers' rights.     At the session, the lawmakers also heard reports on the handling of 462proposals and 6,279 pieces of suggestions, comments and criticisms from NPC deputies during the First Session of the Eleventh NPC in March 2008.     Meanwhile, the meeting heard reports on the amendments of the Law on Earthquake Relief and the Patent Law. The NPC Law Committee suggested that the top legislature approve the two amended laws.     It also heard a report on Wu's recent visit to five African nations and the Commission of the African Union.

BEIJING, Oct. 20 (Xinhua) -- Vice-Premier Li Keqiang visited the 2008 China Beijing International Energy-Saving and Environmental Protection Exhibition on Monday.     Li, who is a member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau, spoke highly of the achievements made by the country and the national capital in terms of energy efficiency and pollution reduction.     LI said China has large potential in the resources and environmental sector and it should focus on energy efficiency and environmental protection. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (C) visits the 2008 China Beijing International Energy-Saving and Environmental Protection Exhibition in Beijing, capital of China, Oct. 20, 2008.    Accompanied by Liu Qi, member of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau and secretary of the municipal Party committee of Beijing during his visit, the vice premier took in exhibits on solar powered houses, earthquake-proof and energy-saving houses and wind-powered generators.     The exhibition, which was held October 17-20, was co-sponsored by the Beijing Municipal Government and the State Development and Reform Commission.

BEIJING, Nov. 28 (Xinhua) -- The Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee convened a meeting here on Friday, analyzing and studying the economic work of next year and setting out major tasks.     The meeting said that this year has been eventful and the country has risen to many daunting challenges, including the global financial crisis and domestic natural disasters. The economy has maintained a stable and relatively fast growth and society has been stable, which are hard-won achievements, it said.     The meeting, chaired by CPC Central Committee General Secretary Hu Jintao, warned that the worsening global financial crisis would have more impact on China's economic development, urging the country to take more precautionary measures to meet the challenges.     The meeting said that next year, which marks the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China, the nation should boost domestic demand for a stable and relatively fast economic growth, accelerate the transformation of development patterns and structure adjustment for sustainable development, deepen the reform and opening-up drive and solve problems that concern the people's interests for a healthy and rapid economic and social development.     Maintaining a stable and relatively fast economic development should be the foremost task for next year's economic work, it said, urging a better combination of ensuring growth, boosting domestic demand and adjusting structure.     An "active" fiscal policy and "moderately loose" monetary policy should be continued, and measures including tax reduction and increasing central government investment should be taken to safeguard the people's livelihood, stimulate domestic demand and transform development patterns, it said.     Consumption, rural consumption in particular, should be actively boosted and a set of major projects on livelihood, infrastructure and environment protection should be launched.     The position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy should be strengthened and agriculture production be boosted, it said.     The stable growth of foreign trade should also be maintained.     Structural adjustment should be accelerated, including developing the high-tech industry, small and medium-sized enterprises, the service sector and coordinating regional development.     More progress should be made on energy saving and emissions reduction and pollution treatment be stepped up, the meeting urged.     Rural reform and financial reform should be deepened, and people's livelihood should be improved and more jobs be created, it said.     The meeting also agreed in principle suggestions on judicial reform by the CPC Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission.     The reform should meet the judiciary needs of the people and aim at promoting social harmony, beef up measures to tighten the restraint on and supervision over the use of power, and remove barriers that hamper justice, it said.

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BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao paid visits to the Beijing Military Area Command and a local communication station of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) on Wednesday, just days ahead of the traditional Lunar New Year. Hu, who is also General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, first conveyed New Year greetings to the soldiers on behalf of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission.     This year's Lunar New Year falls on January 26.     He urged the PLA soldiers to promote military values and make further contributions to national defense and modernization. Chinese President Hu Jintao, who is also General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), talks with a soldier of Beijing Military Area Command in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 21, 2009. Hu Jintao paid visits to the Beijing Military Area Command and a local communication station of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) on Wednesday, just days ahead of the traditional Lunar New Year. Hu conveyed New Year greetings to the soldiers on behalf of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission    The PLA soldiers should be loyal to the Party, love the people, and be dedicated to their career while serving the country and upholding military glory, Hu said.     On Wednesday night, Hu joined with army officers and other staff in a gala party held in downtown Beijing.     Other senior Chinese leaders attending the party include Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang. Hu Xuzhe (R), an instructor of local communication station of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Staff Headquarters, present a paper cut work to Chinese President Hu Jintao (C, front), who is also General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 21, 2009.

BEIJING, Jan. 9 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi and his Iranian counterpart Manouchehr Mottaki exchanged views over the phone Friday on promoting further development of bilateral relations in 2009 and international and regional issues of common concern.     On the situation in the Gaza Strip, Yang said China is seriously concerned and deeply worried about the grave humanitarian crisis caused by the escalation of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.     China has made unremitting efforts to promote adoption by the United Nations Security Council of a relevant resolution on Gaza, Yang said.     He said China welcomes and supports U.N. Security Council Resolution 1860 and urges all the parties concerned to fully honor the resolution, cease fire immediately, ensure smooth operation of humanitarian assistance and promote an early relaxation of the humanitarian crisis taking place in Gaza.     China has always proposed that the issue of Palestine be resolved through political negotiation on the basis of related U.N. resolutions, the "Land for Peace" principle and the Arab Peace Initiative, he added.

BEIJING, Dec. 6 (Xinhua) -- China on Saturday gave further explanation on the proposed reform of fuel tax and pricing in a bid to dispel misunderstanding that a higher consumption tax will mean higher pump prices.     The authorities on Friday released a draft reform plan to solicit public opinions till Dec. 12. It had been long advocated by experts as key for energy saving and economic structure transform.     The plan, scheduled to take effect on Jan. 1, will abolish six fees now charged for road or waterway maintenance and management.     But drivers will pay higher fuel consumption taxes. Gasoline taxes will be raised from 0.2 yuan (about 3 U.S. cents) per liter to 1 yuan and diesel taxes from 0.1 yuan per liter to 0.8 yuan.     The government reiterated its Friday's statement that the pump prices, which include the higher tax, won't be raised and the reform won't increase costs for fuel consumers.     The tax is reflected in the pump prices and isn't an additional increase to the retail prices, said a joint statement by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Transport and State Administration of Taxation.     The proposed tax is lower than the level in the European Union and also in the neighboring countries and regions, it said.     The draft said China's domestic crude oil prices should be set directly in line with world prices, but the link should be controlled and indirect for refined petroleum prices.     There will be a ceiling on pump prices as part of the plan. The government said it will continue to properly regulate domestic pump prices to prevent the negative impacts of huge fluctuations in the international oil prices on the domestic market.     The reform helps to promote a healthy development of the oil sector and energy saving, and to ensure domestic fuel supply and a stable economic growth, said the statement.     But it said the government will increase subsidies to farmers, taxi drivers, and sectors of fishing, forestry, and public transport.     The reform will be a significant step towards liberalizing retail fuel prices, said researcher Zhou Dadi from the Energy Research Institute of the NDRC.     China has been pushing for fuel tax reform for many years, and the idea of a fuel tax was raised as early as 1994. Both officials and economists said the plunge in global oil price presents a window of opportunity for this reform.     The world crude oil price has plunged almost 70 percent from a peak of 147 U.S. dollars per barrel in mid-July.     Even with oil prices tumbling so much, Chinese drivers are paying much more than those in many other countries because domestic fuel prices have been unchanged since June. Government-set prices are changed only infrequently.     The pump prices are higher than the levels in the United States, but lower than that in some European and Asian nations, said the statement. But it noted this is because of oil resource shortages in the European and Asian countries and their intention to use higher prices to encourage energy saving.

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BEIJING, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- China's first non-governmental community foundation, the Arcadia Public Welfare Foundation, was launched at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Saturday.     The foundation was established with 100 million yuan (about 14.65 million U.S. dollars) donated by Shenzhen Airtown (Eastern) Industrial Co. Ltd. and Shenzhen Arcadia Real Estate Group.     "In the past, it was largely the government that took care of China's communities, but now social groups are playing a vigorous part," said Wang Jinhua, an official in charge of community construction of the Ministry of Civil Affairs.     Arcadia, a residential community built on landfill in Shenzhen, the city that was China's window of reform and opening-up, has received domestic and overseas habitat awards since 2005.     Li Aijun, board chairman of the Shenzhen Arcadia Real Estate Group, said the foundation planned to provide financial aid for community welfare projects, such as senior citizens' housing, schools, recreation facilities and environmental protection teams.     The first project will help a local hospital improve community health care and provide free exams.

SAN JOSE, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao on Monday spoke highly of the rapid development of China-Costa Rica relations and pledged efforts to further expand bilateral cooperation in various fields.     During talks with Costa Rican President Oscar Arias Sanchez on the second day of his state visit to the Central American nation, Hu said mutually beneficial cooperation in various fields has been growing steadily.     Noting the fast growth in bilateral ties over the past year, the Chinese president said the two countries have also carried out fruitful cooperation in international and regional affairs. Chinese President Hu Jintao(L) meets with Costa Rican President Oscar Arias(R) in San Jose, Costa Rica, Nov. 17, 2008    "Facts have proven that the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Costa Rica conforms to the fundamental and long-term interests of both countries and peoples," Hu said. The two countries set up diplomatic ties in June 2007.     "The enhancement of Sino-Latin American mutually beneficial cooperation is conducive for our common development," Hu said, noting that the Chinese government has issued a Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean recently.     The two countries should make efforts to push for long-term, sound and stable development of bilateral ties and cooperation, Hu said.     "China is ready to work with Costa Rica to open up a bright future for bilateral ties characterized by mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit, sincere cooperation and friendship for generations to come," he added.     On economic cooperation, Hu said the two countries should strengthen their cooperation mechanisms and expand areas of cooperation.     Hu hoped the two sides would reach agreement on a free trade pact at an early date, in the spirit of friendly consultations and mutual understanding and accommodation.     The Chinese government will continue to encourage competent Chinese enterprises to invest in Costa Rica, he said.     It will also support pragmatic cooperation between enterprises of the two countries in such key areas as infrastructure, agriculture, telecommunications and energy, he added.     Arias agreed with Hu's views and stressed the importance of strengthening trade and economic ties with China.     Costa Rica hopes to strengthen cooperation with China in port construction, development of high-tech parks as well as Chinese language teaching, he said.     Arias said he hoped the two countries would establish a dialogue mechanism at a higher level so as to further promote the development of bilateral ties.     The two leaders also exchanged views on the global financial crisis and agreed to strengthen coordination and cooperation in international affairs.     After their meeting, the two leaders witnessed the signing of 11 cooperation agreements on trade, economy, finance, energy, education and technology, and announced the launch of bilateral negotiations on a free trade pact.     China is Costa Rica's second biggest trading partner. In 2007, bilateral trade amounted to 2.8 billion U.S. dollars, a 33-percentincrease over the previous year.     Also on Monday, Hu met with Francisco Pacheco, president of the Costa Rican Legislative Assembly.     The Costa Rican legislators come from different political parties, but they have the consensus on maintaining and developing the friendship between the two countries, Hu said.     The Chinese president hoped the two countries' legislative bodies would strengthen contacts and make efforts to promote mutual understanding.     He also expressed the hope that Costa Rican legislators would play a greater role as a bridge linking up the two countries' business groups, cultural bodies, scientific institutes, news media and local governments in efforts to consolidate and expand the social foundation for the friendship between the two nations, Hu said.     Pacheco said the establishment of diplomatic ties has helped promote mutual understanding and friendship between the two peoples and also created a favorable environment for strengthening bilateral economic and trade cooperation.     After the establishment of diplomatic ties with China, Costa Rica now has an "important friend and partner" in the world, he said.     Speaking at the meeting, many Costa Rican legislators from different political parties agreed that the establishment of diplomatic ties is of strategic significance. They also thanked China for providing support and help for Costa Rica in its economic and social development.     The Chinese president, who is on a five-nation tour, flew in on Sunday from Washington, where he attended a Group of 20 summit on the current international financial crisis.     This is the fist state visit by a Chinese head of state to Costa Rica and Central America.     He will also visit Cuba, Peru and Greece, and attend the Economic Leaders' Informal Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum in the Peruvian capital of Lima.

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BEIJING, Oct. 26 (Xinhua) -- China's economy was on sound track but prospects were complicated by the world economic slowdown, said Zhou Xiaochuan, governor of China's central bank, on Sunday.     In a report Zhou made to the fifth session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC), he said the country's economy was developing as expected, but the world economic slowdown added uncertainties to its prospect.     "Our economy is highly reliant on overseas demand. Slacking exports resulted from the global economic slowdown would have a negative impact on the economy," he said.     He suggested the country need to be cautious in adjusting policies because there are both possibilities of cost-driven price rises and possibilities of continuous price falls in the future.     "Currently, inflation pressure mainly comes from rising cost," he said.     He said in the world, more and more economies began to shift their policies from curbing inflation to boosting economic developments amid a world economic recession. The international commodity price is expected to enter a new round of rise.     According to him, the PBOC will adopt flexible and prudent macro-control policies to strive for the stability of the country's financial sectors and promote sound and rapid economic growth.     Zhou said efforts would go to other specific fields, including establishing financial risk monitoring mechanism, enhancing cooperation among domestic and overseas financial organs, and ensuring liquidity in the banking system.     He also urged strengthening foreign exchange management through enhancing cross-border capital flow management and supervision, in a bid to avoid losses and risk caused by speculation activities.     The central bank would keep a close look over the real estate sector and improve financial services in this sector, he added.     Zhou said that the impact of the world financial crisis on China's economy cannot be underestimated. However, the country's economic situation is sound as a whole, and is capable to effectively resist the external impact.     China's financial sectors have grown stronger after years of development. The profit-earning and risk-resistance abilities have been greatly improved, market liquidity is sufficient, and the financial system is sound and safe, he explained.     The fifth session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) opened its second plenary meeting Sunday morning. Wu Bangguo, chairman of the Standing Committee of the NPC, attended the meeting.

Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (2nd L) addressed a meeting at which a group of heads of agencies of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the central government discussed how to implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 12, 2008    BEIJING, Dec. 12 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping on Friday urged Communist Party of China (CPC) cadres to combine the spirit of "scientific development" with the nation's endeavors to deal with current economic problems.     Xi addressed a meeting in Beijing, at which a group of heads of agencies of the CPC Central Committee and the central government discussed how to implement the Scientific Outlook on Development.     Xi said the ongoing campaign to educate Party cadres on the Scientific Outlook on Development should focus on how to maintain a steady economic growth, despite global economic woes, through more scientific and efficient work.     He said this was desirable because the ultimate goal of the campaign was that China achieve sustainable, broad-based development under the leadership of the CPC.     The Scientific Outlook on Development represents important guiding principles for China's economic and social development. It was initiated by the CPC in 2003 and written into the CPC's constitution during the 17th National Congress of the Party in 2007.     The principles emphasize a people-first approach, while requiring comprehensive and sustainable development with a dual emphasis on speed and quality.     In September, the CPC launched an 18-month educational campaign, asking all Party cadres and officials to study the principles while applying them in their own work.     Xi Jinping said the annual Central Economic Work Conference, which concluded on Wednesday, had made a full plan on maintaining stable and healthy growth next year through domestic demand expansion and economic restructuring.     He said central government organs, often as key policy makers, should check whether shortcomings in their own work had hindered the implementation of the key policies.     "At present the top task for us is to identify and solve those shortcomings that could have negative impacts on economic growth, vital interest of the people and social stability," he said.