微电子技术的应用及发展趋势

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BEIJING, Sept. 12 (Xinhua) -- A senior leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC) on Saturday urged concrete measures to maintain stability, which he described as an "arduous" task.     Zhou Yongkang, a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau, made the remarks at a meeting after hearing reports on the preparation for the security during the National Day holiday and the situations in the country's far western Xinjiang and Tibet.     "While on the whole the social situation is stable, the country now faces grave challenges in maintaining stability, and the task is arduous," Zhou said.     Currently, the overwhelming political task is to maintain the stability of the capital, said Zhou.     Grand celebrations will be held on Oct. 1 in Beijing to mark the 60th founding anniversary of the People's Republic of China.     Zhou urged officials and security workers to "fully prepare themselves for the most complicated situation" in order to ensure the smooth run of all activities during the National Day holiday.     Describing the security campaign as a "people's war", Zhou urged the capital's neighboring areas to strengthen security check and stamp out any factors that might harm stability outside Beijing "with utmost efforts."     Zhou noted that maintaining stability in Xinjiang, where recent needle attacks caused public scare and triggered mass protests after the riot on July 5, is also one of the most significant missions.     The riot left 197 people dead in Urumqi, the regional capital of Xinjiang, while five died during the mass protests in the city last week.     In addition, Zhou urged the local government in Tibet Autonomous Region to strengthen management on monasteries and "strictly" prevent any harmful attempts from separatists.     He said currently people across the country are all hoping for stability and development and "we are fully confident" in managing the security well around National Day.

BEIJING, Sept. 21 (Xinhua) -- The Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the country's top advisory body, held a meeting Monday to study and discuss the essence of the just-concluded Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).     Jia Qinglin, chairman of the CPPCC National Committee, presided over the meeting, at which Vice President Xi Jinping delivered a report on the topic. They are both members of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau.     In his opening speech, Jia highlighted the importance of the CPC Central Committee's session under the current situation as China is exerting efforts to cope with the impact of the international financial crisis in an effective way, maintaining a stable and relatively fast economic growth, striving for new victories in building an overall prosperous society, and opening up a new situation for the socialist cause with Chinese characteristics. Jia Qinglin (Front, L), chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee, and Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (Front, R) attend the 7th Meeting of the Standing Committee of 11th CPPCC National Committee in Beijing, capital of China, on Sept. 21, 2009    He also spoke highly of a speech delivered at Sunday's ceremony to mark the 60th founding anniversary of the CPPCC by Hu Jintao, the state president and general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, who had praised the CPPCC for its important contribution and role in China's socialist revolution, construction and reform.     While informing the senior advisors of the essence of the CPC Central Committee's session, Xi also told them how the Party has prepared for holding the session and drafting "The Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Major Issues on Strengthening and Improving Party Building Under the New Circumstances."     The drafting of the document had been done by seeking opinions from people of all circles including members of the CPPCC, said Xi, noting that the CPC has been quite experienced as a ruling party for the past 60 years.     Xi urged Party committees of all levels to well organize the study of the essence of the session and make substantial efforts to accomplish the work of Party building.

URUMQI, Sept. 4 (Xinhua) -- A senior government official said Friday the situation in Urumqi, the capital city of northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, was under control after local residents had taken to the streets over two days to protest against hypodermic syringe attacks.     There were no major protests in the city Friday, a day after massive protests that left five people dead Thursday, said Executive Deputy Mayor Zhang Hong. Deputy Mayor of Urumqi Zhang Hong speaks during a news conference in Urumqi, capital city of northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Sept. 4, 2009. Zhang Hong said on Friday the situation was basically under control in the citySmall crowds gathered "in a few locations" Friday, but soon dispersed and nobody was killed, said Zhang.     Syringe attacks carried out since Aug. 20 have resulted in panic and resentment from the public, the official said.     Suspects were caught Wednesday when attacking members of the public. They were beaten by a angry crowd and one was seriously injured. People gather on a street in Urumqi, capital of northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Sept. 4, 2009. Police were exerting efforts to control the situation in Urumqi on Friday. Five people have been confirmed dead and 14 others injured and hospitalized following Thursday's protests, Zhang said.     Of the five dead, two had been confirmed as innocent civilians, while police are trying to identify the remaining three.     He said investigations showed those carrying out the syringe attacks were from the Uygur ethnic group while the attacked included Han Chinese and other ethnic groups. Residents go around at a market on Meiqi Lane in Urumqi, capital city of northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Sept. 4, 2009. By Thursday, local hospitals had dealt with 531 victims of hypodermic syringe stabbings, 106 of whom showed obvious signs of needle attacks.     Zhang said the attacks were premeditated and organized to create terror in society.     "The 'three forces' (separatism, terrorism and extremism) at home and abroad are not willing to see ethnic unity and their failure when the July 5 violence died down quickly," he said. "So they are using 'soft violence' to disrupt social order and instigate ethnic hatred."     China's Public Security Minister Meng Jianzhu arrived in Urumqi Friday to direct work to defuse ongoing unrest in the city.     Meng, also a State Councillor, urged local governments and Communist Party of China (CPC) committees at all levels in Xinjiang "to restore social order as soon as possible."     "Maintaining stability is the central task of overriding importance in Xinjiang at the present time," he said in a meeting with local officials.     Meng said the spate of syringe attacks, which were premeditated, masterminded and conducted by law-breakers and instigated by ethnic separatist forces, were a continuation of the July 5 riot in the city which left 197 people dead. He said the separatists' purpose was to undermine ethnic unity.

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BEIJING, Oct. 1 (Xinhua) -- A grand military parade will be held at the heart of Beijing Thursday morning to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, underscoring the country's self-defensive policy.     "As an important force safeguarding world peace and development, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) will continue pursuing a national defense policy that is defensive in nature and pose no threat to other countries," said Lieutenant General Fang Fenghui, commander-in-chief of the parade and commander of PLA Beijing Military Area Command in an interview with Xinhua.     "We will stick to our country's policy to safeguard world peace and promote common development," Fang said.     China adheres to a long-standing defensive policy of "no first use of nuclear weapons" from the very beginning it developed its nuclear ammunition, Fang said.     Addressing the United Nations Security Council nuclear summit in New York on Sept. 24, 2009, Chinese President Hu Jintao proposed that all nuclear weapon states abandon the nuclear deterrence policy based on first use of nuclear weapons and take credible steps to reduce the threat of nuclear weapons.     "To realize a safer world for all, we must first and foremost remove the threat of nuclear war," Hu said. "All nuclear-weapon states should make an unequivocal commitment of unconditionally not using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones, and conclude a legally-binding international instrument in this regard."     According to the White Paper "China's National Defense in 2008"released on Jan. 20 this year, China noted that its nuclear missiles of the Second Artillery Force "are not aimed at any country in peacetime."     China has been reporting on its national defense policy in a white paper every two years since 1998, introducing its national defense policy, the structure and development of the forces, the budgets and use of defense expenditure.     Chinese leaders have made repeated commitments to world peace and development since the nation's founding in 1949.     "For now and in the future, China would never seek hegemony, nor would we turn to military expansion or arms race with other countries," Chinese President Hu Jintao told heads of 29 foreign navy delegations attending the PLA Navy celebration in Qingdao on April 23, 2009.     "China will unswervingly stick to the road of peaceful development, which demands China to adhere to the defensive national defense policy," Hu said.     During the process of reform and opening up, the Chinese army takes it as the fundamental purpose to safeguard world peace, development and stability, as well as national sovereignty, security and development.     Wang Xinjun, a research fellow of warring theory and strategy at the PLA Military Science Academy, said defensive armaments were the majority of the PLA ammunitions as offensive weapons account for a very small proportion of its depot.     "This is the most distinctive aspect that makes PLA different from the troops in other countries," Wang said. "The core of Chinese military strategy lies in defensiveness rather than offensiveness."     Preparing to disclose many of its latest national defense strength in the parade, China holds on to its goal of a peaceful development.     "What poses threat to another country is not one country's military strength, but the policy it follows," said Major General Gao Jianguo, spokesman for the joint headquarters for the parade in Beijing.     "China unswervingly persists in taking a road of peaceful development, striving for a harmonious world that highlights global peace and common prosperity," Gao said. "Our military ties with foreign countries are based on equality, mutual trust and cooperation."     Through non-alignment, non-confrontation and non-targeting at any third party, China has established military ties with more than 150 countries and set up military attaché offices in 109 countries. Meanwhile, 101 countries have set up military attaché offices in China.     Among the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, China currently sends the most peacekeepers. More than 13,000 Chinese peacekeepers have carried out 18 UN peacekeeping operations since China's first dispatch of military observers to such operations in 1990.     Since the end of last year, the Chinese navy has carried out escort missions in the waters of the Gulf of Aden off Somali and has escorted more than 800 ships.

CHENGDU, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- All the nine people missing in mudslides caused by heavy rains in southwest China's Sichuan Province were dead as the last two bodies were recovered over the weekend, the provincial government said late Sunday.     Rocks and mud buried a residential quarter of Sinohydro Bureau 10, a hydropower engineering and construction company in Jinyang County, early Friday, leaving nine workers missing. The body of a victim in the mudslide is carried away by rescuers in Jinyang of southwest China's Sichuan Province, Aug. 1, 2009. All of the bodies of 9 victims in mudslides caused by heavy rains in Jinyang were found on SaturdayLocal authorities have intensified monitoring and early warning about possible landslides as more heavy rains likely continue to lash the region.     Rainstorms in the country this year have left 307 people dead and 113 missing as of Thursday, according to the State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters. A rescuer finds the clothes of a victim in Jinyang of southwest China's Sichuan Province, Aug. 1, 2009. All of the bodies of 9 victims in mudslides caused by heavy rains in Jinyang were found on Saturday.

VANCOUVER, Aug 3 (Xinhua) -- As China advances its national strategy to reduce carbon and other emission from transportation, the collaboration between Canada's Westport Innovations Inc. and various alternative energy companies in China is expected to be even more, Nicholas Sonntag, president of Westport Asia, said recently.     Sonntag spoke highly of Westport's ongoing operations in China. "Westport has a very positive impression of our cooperation with partners and government officials in China," he told Xinhua in a written interview. "There have been challenges along the way but we have a full time office in Beijing with Chinese staff that has been critical to our strategic and tactical approach to all initiatives we have undertaken in China."     Westport Innovation Inc., a leading global supplier of engine and alternative fuel power technologies that allow large vehicle engines to operate on clean-burning fuels like natural gas or hydrogen, has set up two joint ventures in China. One is BTIC Westport Inc., which produces liquefied natural gas fuel tanks for vehicles, and another is Weichai Westport Inc., which develops advanced alternative fuel engines.     Sonntag, who is also the Westport's Executive Vice President of Corporate Development, suggested Westport's operations in China have benefited from the fact that China has attached growing importance to alternative energy solutions and sustainable development.     "The rapid growth of the Chinese economy has generated opportunities in a variety of sectors and alternative energy solutions to transport is one that has seen rapid growth due to the dramatically increased levels of air pollution resulting from urban development," he said. "This rapid development has certainly presented huge challenges to the policy makers in China."     He noted that despite some setbacks, the overall direction of China's strong growth "has been maintained in a manner that tries to aggressively address the many social, environmental and physical challenges being faced."     "The deep respect and commitment to sustainable development is seen at all levels," he added. "And progress is being made with new and creative policies which are being introduced regularly."     Sonntag has been active in international engineering and sustainable development for over 35 years, working as a senior executive for organizations -- corporate and non-profit -- in China, Canada, Sweden and Switzerland. He has spent nearly six years in China, first serving at CH2M HILL -- a global full-service engineering, procurement, construction and operations firm-- as the President of the company's operations in China and Hong Kong, and then as President of Westport Asia. He moved back from Beijing to Westport's headquarters in Vancouver only a few weeks ago.     He has witnessed the changes that China's reform and opening up have brought about. From his perspective, the most notable changes have been "in the areas of legal process in the establishment of new companies and the increased commitment to protect intellectual property."     He said the issues relating to intellectual property have long been a big concern for foreign companies hoping to develop business in China. "They have been important to our investments in China since without assurances on the legal and intellectual property elements of our business, our long term strategies would be unsustainable."     He said a high value on intellectual property has now been seen in China and Chinese partners have developed the awareness of protecting their own intellectual property, adding "their motivation is in line with our motivation."     As for the economic globalization, Sonntag described China's contribution as "immense." He said: "All aspects of our lives are directly or indirectly impacted by China's economic growth. This will undoubtedly continue for many years to come."     He said China has only recently fully understood the implications of its growth on the global economy and is now taking responsibility for the importance of that role. "This presents large opportunities for Chinese and international companies who are cooperating in specific sectors. "     For Westport, he expected the products that its joint ventures in China have manufactured would not only serve the Chinese market, but also the Asian and global markets. "As such many of the companies we currently think of as Chinese will become global players in the many industries and sectors in which they operate."

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ISLAMABAD, Oct. 2 (Xinhua) -- Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari said here Friday that he is proud of Pakistan's brotherly relationship with China and wishes the Chinese around the world well.     Zardari was the chief guest at the National Day reception hosted by Chinese Ambassador Luo Zhaohui at the Chinese embassy.     Replying a question by Xinhua on his arrival, Zardari said, "For the Chinese around the world, I wish them well. I wish them their independence and I applaud the success."     He also said, "I'm proud of the friendship which we have with China. And I'm proud of our brotherly relationship. And I'm with them in this moment of happiness. The people of Pakistan share the moments of happiness with the people of China."     Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee General Tariq Majid, Chief of Army Staff General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Noman Bashir, Chief of Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal Rao Qamar Suleman, government officials and senior diplomats from other embassies based in Islamabad were present at the reception.     The guests watched dances, songs and acrobatics performed by Chinese troops. At the end of the performance, chief guests and the Chinese ambassador went on the stage to greet the performers and had a group photo with them. 

BERLIN, Oct. 12 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping held talks here on Monday with German Chancellor Angela Merkel, putting forward a five-point proposal on boosting bilateral relations between the two countries. Xi extended congratulations on the victory of Merkels' party, the Christian Democrats (CDU/CSU), in late September's general election.     The vice president said Sunday marked the 37th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries, and the bilateral ties have seen outstanding progress over the past 37 years. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (L) shakes hands with German Chancellor Angela Merkel in Berlin, capital of Germany, Oct. 12, 2009.    Currently, the relationship between China and Germany is facing new opportunities for development, Xi said. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (L) meets with German Chancellor Angela Merkel in Berlin, capital of Germany, Oct. 12, 2009Xi tabled a five-point proposal on boosting the sustained, steady and healthy development of the Chinese-German relationship:     -- Maintain close contacts and deepen mutual political trust. Xi urged the two sides to enhance communication and cooperation through various channels and to further increase mutual understanding and political trust in line with the principle of respecting and accommodating each other's core interests.     -- Deepen bilateral trade and economic cooperation, and jointly tackle the international financial crisis. Xi said two Chinese trade and investment delegations have made their way to Germany, and that he hoped the German side would also take substantial measures to support and boost bilateral trade and investment, especially in the cooperation of high-tech areas. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (front R) meets with German Chancellor Angela Merkel (front L) in Berlin, capital of Germany, Oct. 12, 2009-- Enhance cooperation on climate change, new energy and environment protection.     -- Strengthen exchanges and cooperation in areas including culture, education, press and tourism so that the Chinese-German friendship could be more deeply rooted among the people of the two countries. Xi said the Chinese side, as the Guest of Honor for the Frankfurt Book Fair, is ready to stage various events to better introduce the Chinese culture to the German people.     -- Enhance international cooperation to promote world peace and development. The Chinese government supports Germany to play a bigger role in international organizations like the UN, he said. China is also willing to keep communication and coordination with the German side on major international issues like reform of the international financial system, climate change, food and energy security, so as to jointly contribute to world peace and development, he added.     Merkel, who hosted a grand welcoming ceremony in honor of Xi, agreed to Xi's five-point proposal.     She said the newly-elected German government will continue to give priority to the Germany-China relations and is willing to work with China to enhance bilateral cooperation.     Merkel extended congratulations on the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and hailed China's economic achievements and the stimulus package adopted to boost domestic demands since last year.     Merkel noted that these measures have positive contributions to the recovery of the global economy. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (L) presents two books written by former Chinese leader Jiang Zemin to German Chancellor Angela Merkel at the start of their meeting in the Chancellery in Berlin, capital of Germany, Oct. 12, 2009Prior to the meeting, Xi presented to Merkel with two English-version books on energy and information technology written by former Chinese President Jiang Zemin.     Xi arrived in Germany on Saturday morning for the second leg of his five-nation Europe tour.     Later on Tuesday, Xi will attend the opening ceremony of the Frankfurt Book Fair.

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BEIJING, Sept. 26 (Xinhua) -- Chinese farmers would see their income continue to rise this year, Vice Minister of Agriculture Chen Xiaohua said at a press conference Saturday.     "As China's economy is recovering, there are more and more positive factors supporting the increase of farmers' income," said Chen.     Farmers' per capita cash income in the first half of this year reached 2,733 yuan (400 U.S. dollars), up 8.1 percent year on year. But the increase rate was 2.2 percentage points slower than that in the same period last year, according to Chen.     "The growth is remarkable and the statistics are pleasing. However, China is still short of a long-term mechanism for increasing farmers' income and efforts need to be made to increase the channels for farmers to earn more money," said Chen.     In the past, farmers' income was mainly driven up by increased grain production or raised prices. "Now, we should push forward agricultural industrialization to let market guide grain planting and agricultural production," Chen said.     Chen also stressed the importance of creating more jobs for surplus rural laborers in a bid to increase their salary income.     The salary income mainly comes from the earnings from working in local or urban enterprises.     The economic crisis reduced the number of Chinese migrant workers, with the current number standing around 225 million. In the second quarter this year, this number increased 2.6 percent from the first.     Chen also said the government will increase fiscal support for farmers in subsidizing their purchase of seed, diesel, fertilizer and other production materials.     The central government always gives priority to increasing farmers' income, he said.     "Local authorities should make every effort to keep increasing farmers' income to shore up rural development and to ensure stable and rapid economic development," Chinese Vice Primer Hui Liangyu said at a rural work conference held in China's eastern city of Hangzhou from Thursday to Friday.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) -- Visiting top Chinese legislator Wu Bangguo met U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi on Wednesday to exchange views on bilateral ties as well as international and regional issues of common concern.     Speaking to reporters before their talks, Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, said he was pleased to visit the United States at the invitation of Speaker Pelosi, noting that the visit was the first by a top Chinese legislator over the past 20 years.     "The purpose of my visit is intended to promote further growth of China-U.S. relations," Wu said, describing the relationship as one of the most important, dynamic and promising bilateral ties in the world.     He expressed the belief that his U.S. trip will inject new impetus to the growth of China-U.S. relations. Wu Bangguo (3rd L), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, and U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi (2nd L) look at a Chinese painting which Wu presents to Pelosi, before their meeting in Washington, the United States, Sept. 9, 2009Pelosi, for her part, recalled her visit to China in May. "When I was in China, I had the opportunity to see so much China has done to address global climate change. It's an important issue of our visit."     "Clearly we can learn a great deal from what China has done. Hopefully, we can learn from each other," she said.     On the occasion of Chairman Wu's visit, she said, both sides will discuss climate change as well as other issues, such as the global economic crisis.     Pelosi said it is important for China and the United States to come to some kind of understanding on the subject of climate change.     "Our countries are great, significant and large, their decisions would affect the whole world," the speaker said. "The U.S.-China relationship is very important one, economically, politically, culturally and environmentally, to both our countries and to the world," she added.     Apart from Pelosi, Wu is also expected to meet U.S. President Barack Obama, Vice President Joe Biden and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton during his stay in Washington.     Wu is here on a week-long official goodwill visit to the United States, the final leg of his three-nation America tour which also took him to Cuba and the Bahamas. Wu Bangguo (2nd R), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, talks with U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi (1st L) in Washington, the United States, Sept. 9, 2009