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BEIJING, Dec. 1 -- Amid the coupling effects of shrinking global demand and rising operating costs, it has been a dramatic upheaval this year for domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) after China started its reforms 30 years ago.    Even as the scene appears a bit scary, there is still a ray of hope if only entrepreneurs note the writing on the wall and go all out to cut costs before they raise the clamor for a bailout.Two women make beds on a production line of the small private firm Nangang Shoemaking Factory in Foshan, Guangdong province.In the first half of 2008, much before the world saw the capital markets going topsy turvy amid the global economic slowdown, over 67,000 SMEs in China went bankrupt, while more than 10,000 labor-intensive textile enterprises downed shutters, according to figures from the Department of SMEs under the National Development and Reform Commission.    In October, 714 companies were closed in Dongguan in Guangdong province, home to over 60,100 private companies and a major manufacturing center in China.     "We will see more companies closing in the coming months, with the figure likely to cross 1,000 after Christmas," says Dongguan Deputy Mayor Jiang Ling.     Most of the international buyers of Chinese products failed to get letters of credit in October leading to significant cancellations of Christmas orders, says Frank FX. Gong, chief China economist at JPMorgan Securities (Asia Pacific) Limited in a recent report. "Indeed, 'things suddenly ceased' was the common comment we heard on the ground lately," he says.     But for some like Luo Chun, sales director of tin box maker Dongguan Tinpak Co, the freeze on Christmas orders has not yet meant closing. Luo says overseas order fell by 10 percent from June to October, normally the peak time for Christmas orders.

Premier Wen Jiabao is in Russia for a visit.     "Currently, women account for 45.4 percent of China's total employed population," said All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) Deputy-Chairwoman Huang Qingyi, who delivered a work report on behalf of the ninth ACWF Executive Committee.     Huang said there were nearly 700,000 women models working in various circles who had greatly inspired people.     Exemplar women included Ren Changxia, a late policewoman in central Henan Province who devoted herself to her police career and died of fatigue at 40, and Song Yushui, a judge in a Beijing district court who has long been engaged in handling cases involving economic and intellectual property rights issues. Gu Xiulian, chairwoman of the All-China Women's Federation (ACWF), presides over the opening ceremony of the 10th National Women's Congress at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, on Oct. 28, 2008. Chinese women also played larger role in the political sector. Female deputies comprised 21.33 percent of the National People's Congress (NPC), up 1.09 percentage points from the previous congress, and women make up 17.7 percent of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), up 1 percentage point.     The proportion of female deputies to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was also up two percentage points, said Huang, adding "women have become an important force pushing forward political development".     She said the education gap between men and women has narrowed as proportions of women receiving various levels of education have increased steadily, with their mind continuing to be emancipated and concept updated and employment improved. The 10th National Women's Congress opens at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, on Oct. 28, 2008. China's maternal mortality rate has reduced to 36.6 per 100,000 from 51.3 per 100,000 in 2003, and the infant mortality rate has dropped to 15.3 per 1,000 from 25.5 per 1,000 in 2003, according to Huang.     She said more and more women bought various social securities and women's life expectancy reached 75.25 years.     Statistics show more than 27,000 women and children rights protection agencies had been set up to handle cases involving rights infringement. The 10th National Women's Congress opens at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, on Oct. 28, 2008Women of ethnic minority groups and those who were religious believers were also greatly motivated to contribute to the social development, Huang said, adding mainland women groups had conduced various exchanges with their counterparts in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.     International exchanges such as bilateral and multilateral visits were well under way, with the ACWF having established friendship with 697 women and children groups in 164 countries and regions.     The five-day congress will hear and discuss a work report by the Nineth Executive Committee of the ACWF, deliberate and adopt amendments to the federation's constitution, and elect the 10th ACWF Executive Committee.     ACWF Chairwoman Gu Xiulian said 1,407 delegates from across the country were present at the once-every-five-year congress. Among the 1,280 elected delegates, 1,020 of them are newly elected. Each of China's 55 ethnic minorities has at least one delegate to the congress.     Officials in charge of women affairs from Beijing and other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, ACWF former leaders and representatives from Hong Kong and Macao, also attended the congress.

BEIJING, Dec. 26 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin said Friday people in the non-public sector of the economy has become a major force in the reform and open-up drive while urging them to make more contribution to growth as the country faces economic hardship.     In a congratulatory letter to a forum held to mark and review the development of private economy in the last 30 years, Jia said the private sector has made important contributions to the country's economic achievements, innovation capabilities, job creation and the "go global" strategy.     The chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee called on people in the private sector to respond to the call of the Communist Party of China and unite as one to face the formidable challenge posed by the global financial crisis.     Privately-owned enterprises should tap the potential of domestic demand while continuing to implement the "go global" strategy and expand international market, Jia said.     Privately-owned enterprises should also assume their social responsibility to create as many jobs as possible while helping the Chinese economy achieve a sound and fast growth, he added.

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HEFEI, Jan. 31 (Xinhua) -- Vice Premier Hui Liangyu said on Saturday that local government should seek every means to help migrant workers land jobs, calling it "a prominent and important task" in the current rural work agenda.     Hui made the remarks when he toured east China's Anhui Province. He urged local enterprises to guarantee job opportunities for migrant workers and asked infrastructure projects contractors to hire as many migrant workers as possible.     The vocational training for the migrant workers should be strengthened, Hui said.     Migrant workers were also encouraged to go back to their hometown to start their own business, and support should be given in bank loans, tax breaks and business registration, according to Hui.     Hui also urged local government to attach great importance to the fight against drought, which plagued more than 866,700 hectares of wheat in the province. He said rural water control facility construction should be speeded up.     He also asked local authorities to enhance the control of bird flu and foot-and-mouth disease.

  BEIJING, Jan. 2 (Xinhua) -- Premier Wen Jiabao has urged Chinese companies to stress innovation to combat the impact of global economic turmoil.     Wen made the remarks as he visited companies, markets, communities and rural areas in China's eastern Shandong Province over the first two days of 2009. He sought to reassure people that the economy would be able to regain steam.     "Try to develop new types of candles to cater to different cultures, which would capture big market share," Wen said during avisit to Qingdao Kingking Group, the world's second-largest candle maker.     During a visit to Haier, the country's largest appliance maker, the premier praised its sales promotion and services in rural areas as a factor stimulating rural consumption, which he said would help ease the impact of the global financial crisis. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C) visits Yatai electric appliances supermarket that sells subsidized household appliances in Jimo City under Qingdao, a coastal city in east China's Shandong Province, Jan. 2, 2009. Wen visited companies, markets, communities and rural areas in Qingdao on Jan. 1-2.     China kicked off a subsidized household appliance program in December 2007 and decided on Wednesday to further expand subsidies for farmers' purchases from Feb. 1 to boost consumption.     "How Haier is dealing with the global crisis tells us there is opportunity amid crisis, and the opportunity lies in innovation, which will not only help shake off the impact of the crisis but also upgrade enterprises," Wen noted.     He said the country would increase subsidies to 15 billion yuan (2.2 billion U.S. dollars) in 2009 from last year's 9 billion yuan. It would increase domestic spending by more than 100 billion yuan.     The policy would remain in force for at least five years, which would increase appliance sales by more than 500 billion yuan, Wen added.     He highlighted the importance of innovation and called for enterprises to design and develop high-quality, low-cost products for rural markets.     Wen also went to a village in Shandong Province to talk with rural families. He reassured villagers that apart from the expanded subsidies, the government also encouraged enterprises to purchase old appliances and allow farmers to trade in older models for new ones as a move to sustain domestic demand.     The premier reiterated "confidence" wherever he went, saying a solid material foundation, stable financial system, abundant cash flow, large domestic markets, appropriate macroeconomic policies and others steps boosted confidence.     Wen said the State Council, or Cabinet, is drawing up two major plans.     One involves 10 programs to expand demand, further detailing and specifying the 10 stimulus measures kicked out last year.     The other includes the readjustment and improvement of 10 pillar industries. Plans for the development of steel industry and automobile industry have been rolled out and others are under way.

BEIJING, Dec. 19 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping said here Friday that universities should pay more attention to the Communist Party of China (CPC) organ development on campus.     Party organs on campus are an important mechanism to unite and organize teachers and students, Xi said at a meeting here on CPC organ development on campus.     It will also help the universities to improve students' virtue and foster talents that fit the need of the country, he added.     Xi appreciated the great progress Chinese universities have made in developing CPC organs on campuses in the past three decades.     The CPC work shall always serve the reform and development of universities and personal development of students, he said. It should aim to maintain stability on campus and adapt to changing realities, he said.     Universities should try to recruit high-quality grassroots Party workers, who love and are good at this work, and create a favorable working and living environment for them, he said.     When it comes to the university administration, Xi said, college heads should not only have outstanding academic performance but also stand out in personal virtue and capability to manage people.

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BEIJING, Jan. 21 (Xinhua) -- China's State Council, or Cabinet, passed a long awaited medical reform plan which promised to spend 850 billion yuan (123 billion U.S. dollars) by 2011 to provide universal medical service to the country's 1.3 billion population.     The plan was studied and passed at Wednesday's executive meeting of the State Council chaired by Premier Wen Jiabao.     Medical reform has been deliberated by authorities since 2006.     Growing public criticism of soaring medical fees, a lack of access to affordable medical services, poor doctor-patient relationship and low medical insurance coverage compelled the government to launch the new round of reforms.     According to the reform plan, authorities would take measures within three years to provide basic medical security to all Chinese in urban and rural areas, improve the quality of medical services, and make medical services more accessible and affordable for ordinary people.     The meeting decided to take the following five measures by 2011:     -- Increase the amount of rural and urban population covered by the basic medical insurance system or the new rural cooperative medical system to at least 90 percent by 2011. Each person covered by the systems would receive an annual subsidy of 120 yuan from 2010.     -- Build a basic medicine system that includes a catalogue of necessary drugs produced and distributed under government control and supervision starting from this year. All medicine included would be covered by medical insurance, and a special administration for the system would be established.     -- Improve services of grassroots medical institutions, especially hospitals at county levels, township clinics or those in remote villages, and community health centers in less developed cities.     -- Gradually provide equal public health services in both rural and urban areas in the country.     -- Launch a pilot program starting from this year to reform public hospitals in terms of their administration, operation and supervision, in order to improve the quality of their services.     Government at all levels would invest 850 billion yuan by 2011 in order to carry out the five measures according to preliminary estimates.     The meeting said the five measures aimed to provide universal basic medical service to all Chinese citizens, and pave the road for further medical reforms.     The meeting also decided to publish a draft amendment to the country's regulation on the administration on travel agencies for public debate.     It also ratified a list of experts and scholars who would receive special government allowances.

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BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- President Hu Jintao, who is also the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, wants Chinese soldiers to adopt core military values.     The traditions include loyalty to country and its people, devotion to their career and upholding military glory.      Hu made the remarks in a recent meeting with senior military leaders in Beijing.     Those values should serve as a strong spiritual force for the soldiers to achieve all-round development and should guide them when implementing their missions, he said.     Hu added, soldiers should serve the people wholeheartedly and put people's interests above everything.

BEIJING, Jan. 13 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, attended an art performance to entertain military veterans and ex-officers on Tuesday.     Prior to the performance, representatives of army men participating in the relief efforts against the deadly May 12 earthquake, three taikonauts who operated the Shenzhou-7 manned spacecraft went onto the stage to give Spring Festival greetings to military leaders and veterans. Hu Jintao (R front), general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, Chinese president, and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), shakes hands with old comrades and retired cadres of the army, in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 13, 2009. Hu watched the performances along with old comrades and retired cadres of the army and extended greetings to them, wishing them all good health and a happy Spring Festival.     Artists performed dances, songs and dramas that praise the country's reform and opening-up drive in the past three decades, the current modernization of China's armed forces, and the old days when old generations of servicemen fought for the founding of New China.     Also present at the gathering were senior military officials Guo Boxiong and Xu Caihou, and military veterans including Zhang Wannian and Cao Gangchuan.