民事诉讼契约的性质及效力研究

八面来风永远别说不可能

BEIJING, Jan. 21 (Xinhua) -- China's yuan-denominated individual home mortgage lending rose 1.4 trillion yuan (204.98 billion U.S. dollars) in 2009, up 47.9 percent from the previous year, said a report issued by the People's Bank of China, the central bank, on Wednesday.The growth rate was 37.4 percentage points higher than the previous year, said the report on China's investment flow in 2009.Meanwhile, the yuan-denominated property development lending gained 576.4 billion yuan in 2009, up 30.7 percent year on year, and the growth rate was 20.4 percentage points more than the previous year, the report said.The total mid-term and long-term loans in foreign and domestic currency expanded 7.1 trillion yuan in 2009, up 43.5 percent from the previous year, and the growth rate was 23.4 percentage points more than the previous year.The short-term loans in foreign and domestic currency expanded 2.3 trillion yuan, up 758.5 billion yuan from the same period last year.Industrial mid-term and long-term loans in foreign and domestic currency added 1 trillion yuan among China's major financial institutions, up 26 percent from the previous year.Infrastructure mid-term and long-term loans in foreign and domestic currency expanded 2.5 trillion yuan, up 43 percent from the same period last year, according to the report.The central bank said on Jan. 15 that China's new yuan-denominated lending in 2009 hit a record 9.59 trillion yuan (1.4 trillion U.S. dollars), almost double that of the previous year.

BEIJING, March 14 (Xinhua) -- China's parliament, the National People's Congress (NPC), adopted here Sunday the amendment to the Electoral Law, which grants equal representation in legislative bodies to rural and urban people.Lawmakers applauded after NPC Standing Committee Chairman Wu Bangguo announced that the amendment was approved with 2,747 votes from the 2,909 NPC deputies present at the closing meeting.The amendment is regarded as part of China's efforts to narrow the urban-rural gap. It requires "both rural and urban areas adopt the same ratio of deputies to the represented population in elections of people's congress deputies."Wang Zhaoguo, vice chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, said the law provides legal guarantees for elections of deputies to people's congresses, the country's fundamental political system, as well as citizens' right to vote and the right to stand for election.The Third Session of the 11th National People's Congress holds its closing meeting at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, March 14, 2010.After the last amendment in 1995, the law stipulated that each rural deputy represented a population four times that of an urban deputy. Critics said this could be interpreted as "farmers only enjoy a quarter of the suffrage of their urban counterparts."Before the amendment in 1995, the difference was eight times."Such stipulations were absolutely necessary and conformed with China's political system and the particular situation at that time," Wang said.According to the 1953 national census, the urban population made up only about 13 percent. The rural population was much more than that of cities at that time and an equal ratio of rural and urban representation would have meant an excessive number of rural deputies.With rapid urbanization and rural economic development, the proportion of urban population increased to 46.6 percent last year, he said, adding people's congresses at all levels have gone through many terms of elections, accumulating abundant experience."The time is right for equal representation," which is conducive to expand democracy, he said.Wang said the amendment ensures "equal representation among people, regions and ethnic groups."The amendment adds stipulations such as "organizing more face-to-face contacts between candidates and electors to allow deputy candidates to introduce themselves and answer voters' questions."It says the setup of polling stations, convening election congress and the management of mobile polling boxes should be further standardized and improved.It also suggests to set up "confidential polling booths" to root out bribery in elections.Violence, threats, corruption and other acts that disrupts elections should be investigated and punished, it says.The number of deputies to the NPC is limited within 3,000, and the distribution of the NPC deputies is decided by the NPC Standing Committee, according to the law

BEIJING, March 12 (Xinhua) -- Chinese lawmakers and political advisors from Tibet and Xinjiang said Friday that cultural and religious freedom is fully respected and protected according to law in the two ethnic regions, fighting back against an annual U.S. human rights report."If you go to Tibet, you will find scripture halls or shrines in almost all believers' families, and see prayer banners or cairns of stones with scripture texts almost everywhere," Padma Choling, chairman of southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Regional Government, told Xinhua on the sidelines of the ongoing annual session of the country's top legislature, the National People's Congress (NPC), in Beijing."Monasteries in Tibet are always thronged with believers turning the prayer wheels or paying homage to Buddha. Every year, more than 1 million worshippers make the pilgrimage to the regional capital Lhasa," he said.The central government has allocated 700 million yuan (103 million U.S. dollars) and a great deal of gold and silver since 1980s for the maintenance of monasteries in Tibet, he said.Currently, Tibet has more than 1,700 religious venues and 46,000 monks and nuns, whose religious beliefs are well protected by law, he said.NPC deputy Dawa Tashi, commissioner of Tibet's Ali Prefecture, dismissed the "cultural repression" in the U.S. report.He said in the old days, only the upper class nobles and monks were entitled to learn Tibetan language, but the serfs who accounted for 95 percent of the Tibet's population had no such right."After the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951, the central government ensured the Tibetan people's right to learn Tibetan language and Chinese language through legislation," he said.Dawa Tashi also pointed out that it is very "funny" for the U.S. State Department to say in the report "Tibetans repatriated from Nepal reportedly suffered torture, including electric shocks, exposure to cold and severe beatings, and were forced to perform heavy physical labor.""Ali Prefecture shares a long border line with India and Nepal, and it is true that there are some people who illegally cross the border," he said."But when they are caught, they will be handled in strict accordance with law. The fact is that they will not suffer electric shocks or else; on the contrary, we will arrange accommodation and vehicles for them to be sent home," he said."The report is utterly groundless. I strongly advise those who wrote the report visit Tibet personally before drawing a conclusion," said Lhagba Puncog, secretary-general of the Beijing-based China Tibetology Research Center.As a scholar from the Tibetan ethnic group, Lhagba Puncog goes back to Tibet for research for two months every year."I witness the increasing improvement in the living standards of Tibetan people, and they fully enjoy freedom of religious beliefs," he told Xinhua on the sidelines of the annual session of the country's top political advisory body, or the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee.Local government statistics showed that Tibet's gross domestic product (GDP) reached 43.7 billion yuan in 2009, up 170 percent from that in 2000 and posting an annual growth of 12.3 percent over the past nine years.Berkri Mamut, a CPPCC member and director of Shanshan County Islamic Association in Xinjiang, Muslims can practice their religion normally."They can freely attend religious service in mosques or practice fasting during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan," he said."Every year, the government will help make arrangements for about 12,000 Muslims nationwide who go to the holy city Mecca for hajj, of which almost 5,000 are form Xinjiang," he said."It is ridiculous to say there is 'cultural and religious repression' in Xinjiang," he added.NPC deputy Jume Tahir, vice president of the Xinjiang Islamic Association, said the U.S. report distorts facts in Xinjiang's religious activities."Every day, many people come to my mosque for praying. I myself was elected NPC deputy to participate in the management of state affairs. That is the fact," said Jume Tahir, also Imam of the Id Kah Mosque, the largest of its kind in China, in the border city of Kashgar.Yiliduosi Aihetamofu, a CPPCC member and a physician of Tatar ethnic group from the No. 1 Hospital affiliated to the Xinjiang Medical University, said what he has seen in Xinjiang is the fast economic development and improvement of people's lives."We Tatar people has a population of less than 5,000, but our cultural traditions have been preserved well," he said.

南阳哪家医院看鼻炎最好

CHENGDU, Jan. 18 (Xinhua) -- Still recovering from the pain left by a catastrophic earthquake in 2008, people in southwest China's Sichuan Province now act swiftly to support quake-hit Haiti through donation and a candlelight vigil.About 160,000 yuan (23,400 U.S. dollars) have been donated throughout the province since Sichuan's charity groups called for emergent aid to Haiti that was ravaged by a powerful quake a week ago.  Students of the Xiang'e Primary School pray as they hold candles for Haiti children who are suffering from earthquake in Dujiangyan, southwest China's Sichuan Province, which was hit by strong earthquake last May, on Jan. 18, 2010. "I have been hoping to do something for the Haiti people as soon as I learned that the country was hit by a quake," said a 76-year-old lady in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan.The lady, surnamed Liu, donated 1,000 yuan (147 U.S. dollars), her monthly retirement pension, at the Chengdu Charity Federation on Monday."I hope all citizens in the city can do their bit to help the Haiti people," she added.More than 50,000 people were believed to have died in the 7.3-magnitude quake that struck the island country on Jan. 12. Haitian officials said it was the strongest earthquake to hit the country in more than 200 years.Eight Chinese peacekeeping police officers also died in the quake."We received the first sum of money donated for Haiti on Jan. 14, and since then, more and more citizens have come here for donations," said Zeng Zhiqian, of the Chengdu Charity Federation."Starting today, we prolong our working time by two hours. We will also work on weekends to receive donations," he said.In Dujiangyan City, about 200 students and teachers at the Xiang'e Primary School held a candlelight vigil Monday evening, praying for the children in Haiti.Sichuan is now recovering from the 8.0-magnitude quake on May 12, 2008, which left about 87,000 people dead or missing."The Haiti quake reminds me of the Wenchuan (in Sichuan) quake. We Sichuan people are beneficiaries of domestic and international assistance. Now it's time for us to give a hand to Haiti people," said Tan Yunjun, a staff of the Dongfang Turbine Co. Ltd. in Sichuan's Deyang City.The company suffered severe losses in the Wenchuan quake, with building collapses and huge casualties.The company held a donation ceremony on Monday, collecting more than 80,000 yuan from the staff in less than one hour. Zhang Zhiying, general manager of the company, said the company would contribute another 50,000 yuan."The Chinese nation has a fine tradition of being indebted to others, and every staff in our company is willing to show their love for Haiti people," said staff Chen Xin.

BEIJING, March 24 (Xinhua) -- China's State Council, the Cabinet, said Wednesday the country would step up efforts to encourage investment from the private sector.The government would encourage private investment in sectors currently mainly state controlled such as infrastructure for transport, telecommunications and energy, public utility, scientistic and technological programs for national defense, and the building of affordable housing, according to a statement released after the Cabinet's executive meeting Wednesday chaired by Premier Wen Jiabao.The State Council called for private firms, which played an important role in creating jobs, to strengthen independent innovation and roll out more new products, according to the statement.The government would also help some private enterprises set up technology research centers.Private companies were welcome to participate in the reform of state firms by purchasing a stake in them, it said.The government said it would create a good environment for private investment by setting up a sound administrative service system and amend unfavorable laws and regulations.In an effort to combat the global financial downturn, the government agreed at the Central Economic Work Conference last December to promote private enterprises so to create jobs, to increase market access for private investment and protect the legitimate rights and interests of private investors.

BEIJING, March 16 (Xinhua) -- China and Britain Tuesday inaugurated their first higher-level strategic dialogue during British Foreign Secretary David Miliband's visit to China.Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo and Miliband co-chaired the dialogue, which was held at vice foreign minister level in the past."Elevating the strategic dialogue mechanism is a meaningful event," Dai said at the start of the talks, noting that the mechanism was an important channel for the two nations to make in-depth communication.Dai hoped the two sides would make use of the mechanism to have candid discussion on strategic issues in bilateral and international relations. Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo (2nd, R) meets with British Foreign Secretary David Miliband (2nd, L) in Beijing, capital of China, March 16, 2010. Dai Bingguo and Miliband held the strategic dialogue here on Tuesday"This will help us to increase mutual trust and respect, and to promote the stable and healthy growth of China-Britain ties," Dai said.Miliband said the dialogue between the two nations "had always been strategic," and he was vary glad to see the elevation of the dialogue mechanism.Miliband agreed with Dai that major countries should respect each other and enhance cooperation to shoulder common responsibilities.Expressing appreciation for China's achievements in economic growth, Miliband said Britain welcomed China's contributions to the world economy.Miliband hoped the two nations would increase cooperation in tackling climate change and in economic and security sectors.Britain would work with China, on the basis of mutual respect, to push forward the bilateral strategic and cooperative partnership, he said.Miliband is visiting China from March 14 to 17 as a guest of his Chinese counterpart, Yang Jiechi.During talks between the two foreign ministers earlier Tuesday, Yang said China-British relations were developing well, and lifting the level of the bilateral strategic dialogue would further promote bilateral relations."We are willing to work with Britain to further promote our comprehensive strategic partnership," Yang said.He hoped the two nations would enhance communication and strengthen mutual understanding and mutual trust.Yang also suggested the two nations address the financial crisis as an opportunity to actively explore cooperation in financial services, clean energy, renewable energy, energy saving and environmental protection, and to further expand investment and trade links.Yang said the two countries should respect each other's core concerns, including those related to sovereignty and territorial integrity.China and Britain should work together, in line with the principles of mutual respect and equality, to correctly view and properly handle differences, Yang said.

鹤壁市哪个医院治疗耳鸣最好

NANJING, Jan. 18 (Xinhua) -- Top Chinese legislator Wu Bangguo has urged to accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development, so as to improve sustainable development when fighting the global financial crisis.Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, made the remarks during his visit to east China's Jiangsu Province from Thursday to Sunday.He called for more efforts for the transformation of the mode of economic development, adjusting economic structure and boosting industrial upgrading."To accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development should be an important goal and strategic measure in carrying out the Scientific Outlook on Development," Wu said.Wu Bangguo (2nd L, front), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), talks with staff members as he visits COSCO (Nantong) Shipyard in Nantong of east China's Jiangsu Province, Jan. 15, 2010. Wu Bangguo paid a visit in Jiangsu for investigation and research on Jan. 14-17The economic recovery should be based on an optimized and upgraded economic structure, and the fight against global financial crisis be a process of improving sustainablity of development, he said.Wu stressed the importance of bringing in high-level human resources, advanced technologies and management expertise. He also encouraged domestic companies to acquire research and development institutions, sales networks, and famous brands, as well as to build production bases, in foreign countries.Advanced technologies and new economic growth points are needed for transformation of development mode, economic restructuring and industrial upgrading, and also for China to participate in international competition, he said.Wu Bangguo (C), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), shakes hands with a staff member as he visits WuXi AppTec company in Suzhou of east China's Jiangsu Province, Jan. 16, 2010. Wu Bangguo paid a visit in Jiangsu for investigation and research on Jan. 14-17Wu also called for more efforts to develop emerging industries, including new energy, new materials, Internet of Things, low-carbon technologies and others, "to ensure China will not lose a new round of international economic competition."Human recourses are the key factor of industrial upgrading and nurturing new economic growth points, Wu said."We shall bear in mind that human resources are of utmost importance," he said.Wu visited industrial parks, scientific research institutions and workshops of enterprises in the cities of Nantong, Suzhou and Wuxi.

ULAN BATOR, Feb. 1 (Xinhua) -- Aid materials provided by the Chinese government arrived on Monday to help Mongolians cope with the worst snowstorms the country has ever seen in three decades.The aid, worth 10 million yuan (1.46 million U.S. dollars), includes food, portable power generators and quilts.At a handover ceremony at the airport, Enkhbold Miyegombo, deputy prime minister of Mongolia and head of the State Emergency Commission, said the timely support was an embodiment of brotherhood between China and Mongolia.Chinese Ambassador Yu Hongyao said he was confident that Mongolians would overcome the disaster with the leadership of the Mongolian government.The Red Cross Society of China has also announced a donation of 30,000 dollars to Mongolia, Yu said.Snowstorms across Mongolia have left over 1.5 million head of cattle dead, dealing a heavy blow to the country's farming industry.

南阳那个医院治疗打呼噜好

BEIJING, Jan. 19 -- The government is considering evacuating all Chinese nationals from the Haiti disaster zone, Foreign Ministry officials said Monday.If local conditions become too difficult and no country can offer shelter to the Chinese living in Haiti, the government is prepared to evacuate all nationals, Wei Wei, director of the ministry's consular department, said.Apart from the Chinese in Haiti on governmental or other business, Wei said he believed there are about 10 other nationals in Haiti - mainly working for mainland companies or at local Chinese restaurants - as well as about 20 illegal immigrants.Amid the ongoing relief efforts following the 7.0-magnitude quake, the capital Port-au-Prince has been hit by sporadic violence and looting. However, Wei said that all Chinese nationals there have been safely accommodated.A chartered flight took 11 staff of ZTE, a Chinese communications technology company, to neighboring Dominican Republic on Friday.There are also about 30 Taiwan residents in Haiti and, although Wei had no specific details, he said the government would provide help to anyone who requested it. One Taiwan resident has asked for help, he said without elaborating.About 230 Chinese were in Haiti at the time of the disaster. Most are safe but eight Chinese police officers on a peacekeeping mission died in a collapsed United Nations building. Their bodies were being flown home last night on a chartered flight.More than 50,000 people have died in the aftermath of the quake, and the final death toll could be as high as 200,000, according to Paul Antoine Bien-Aime, the nation's interior minister.And while the disaster last Tuesday may have happened on the other side of the world, the shock has been felt deeply in China, especially in Sichuan province, where residents are still recovering from the 8-magnitude quake that struck there on May 12, 2008, and killed more than 69,000."Hearing about this disaster in Haiti, although it is far away, it is as if the cracks beneath our feet have opened up again. It has all come rushing back for us," said Li Yong, a farmer in Beichuan, the county worst hit by the 2008 quake.The horrific disaster brings back bad memories for the people who lived through the Wenchuan earthquake. Huang Zhiling in Chengdu, Guo Anfei in Kunming and Wang Shanshan in Beijing reportLi Yong's family lost their home in the 2008 disaster and now live in a shabby temporary home built with wooden boards. His 18-year-old son, Li Anqiang, also had both legs amputated after being pulled from the rubble of the collapsed Beichuan Middle School. Many of his classmates were killed.Apart from what they make selling potatoes, the family survives on a monthly government subsidy of just 800 yuan (0), which is paid to them to help care for Li Anqiang. But despite the family's struggles, Li Yong said they are desperate to help those left in similar situations by the 7.3-magnitude quake in Haiti."We heard about the deaths through our neighbors. The people in Haiti are much poorer than we are, and we really want to help them. I hope that we can do something for them," he said. "Our life is good. After what we have gone through, we really feel sorry for the people in Haiti."Many in Sichuan, particularly children, are still in too much trauma to hear the word "earthquake", said Wang Zhihang, 53, a volunteer who tours schools in the area offering emotional support to victims."Those children who have been able to face the reality of the disaster in Haiti have shown real concern for the victims. Most have already joined in with fundraising events at schools across the province," said Wang, who is based in the provincial capital, Chengdu.The people in Sichuan understand full well the kind of relief operation that is now under way in Haiti. For those who were close to the epicenter in 2008, such as 20-year-old student Wang Li, they will also be able to understand the true terror of being trapped for hours by rubble.Wang was attending class at her middle school in Xiaode when the disaster struck - and was on the fourth floor when the building collapsed."The disaster in Haiti reminds me of the hours I was trapped in the dark. I was there for one day and one night," she said. "I passed out immediately when the building fell, but when I regained consciousness I could see I was buried under rock with two classmates. I knew one of them was dead. I called her name but she didn't respond. I reached out and checked her pulse, but her heart had already stopped beating."Wang lost her left leg in the disaster and had to take the national college entrance exam in a hospital ward during her recovery. She now studies at Chongqing Electronic and Engineering College."As I am a student, I cannot help out the Haitians financially but I feel their agony. All I can do is to pray for them," she said.Wei Min, 18, also lost a leg in the Sichuan earthquake. She was so moved by the kindness shown by strangers during her treatment in Chongqing, she has set her heart on a career in social work as a way to repay some of the compassion she experienced."With international aid, I believe Haiti will recover, although the process of recovering from an earthquake is lengthy," said Wei, who is from a poor farming family in Leigu, Beichuan county.

BEIJING, Feb. 23 (Xinhua) -- Access to finance for China's small enterprises generally improved in 2009, but still was not good enough, said the country's top banking regulator on Tuesday.Outstanding loans to small Chinese enterprises added to 5.8 trillion yuan (849 billion U.S. dollars) as of the end of 2009, China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) said in a statement posted on its website.The figure accounted for 22 percent of total corporate loans by the end of last year, 1 percentage point higher than a year ago, said the CBRC.The CBRC data showed that the growth rate of new loans to small enterprises in 2009 was 5.5 percentage points higher than that of the total corporate lendings and 0.61 percentage higher than all lendings.China has set a target of keeping the growth rate of new small business loans higher than that of all loans in 2010, and the amount of new loans should be bigger than the previous year, said the CBRC."Small enterprises" in China refers to those with assets worth less than 10 million yuan or annual sales less than 30 million yuan, according to a CBRC document.Last December, China promised to help improve the financing mechanisms to help small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as they were worst hit by the financial crisis and have had difficulty securing loans as commercial lenders preferred state-owned enterprises and large key projects, as the risk was not as great.SMEs refers to enterprises whose annual business revenue is below 300 million yuan. But in retail and accommodation industry, the maximum annual business revenue is 150 million yuan for an SME.