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BEIJING, July 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese equities gained 2.1 percent to hit a 13-month high Tuesday after three days of losses, boosted by financial, real estate and steel shares.     The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index closed at 3,145.16 points, up 64.6 points, or 2.1 percent. The Shenzhen Component Index closed at 12,991.06 points, up 330.51 points, or 2.61 percent.     Total turnover expanded to 280.53 billion yuan (41.07 billion U.S. dollars) from 268.78 billion yuan on the previous trading day.     Winners outnumbered losers by 795 to 67 in Shanghai and 667 to 74 in Shenzhen. This multiple exposure picture shows an investor at a stock brokerage in Haikou, capital of south China's Hainan Province, on July 14, 2009. The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index on Tuesday closed at 3,145.16 points, up 64.6 points, or 2.1 percent to hit a new 13-month high led by banking shares    "Strong investor optimism and a rebound in major markets in the United States and Europe driven by financial shares helped push up the gains in Chinese equities," said Qin Xiaojun, an analyst with Galaxy Securities.     The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 1.4 percent Monday with Bank of America, Citigroup, and J.P. Morgan Chase, three of its banking components, posted solid gains.     Positive signals strengthened investor confidence as China posted a 19.6 percent fiscal revenue increase in June Monday.     China's central bank Monday called on financial institutions to improve financial support to stimulate the economy.     Brokerage shares performed well. Guoyuan Securities rose by the daily limit of 10 percent to close at 24.97 yuan, and Hongyuan Securities advanced 6.19 percent to 26.6 yuan.     The real estate sector posted widespread gains as the Beijing-based Vantone Real Estate Co., Ltd and Xiamen-based Chuangxing Real Estate Co., Ltd reached the daily limit of 10 percent to close at 13.83 yuan and 11.31 yuan respectively.     Anyang Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd and Guangxi Liuzhou Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd also rose by the daily limit to 5.48 yuan and 9.01 yuan respectively.Investors are seen at a stock brokerage in Haikou, capital of south China's Hainan Province, on July 14, 2009. The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index on Tuesday closed at 3,145.16 points, up 64.6 points, or 2.1 percent to hit a new 13-month high led by banking shares.

BEIJING, June 27 (Xinhua) -- China's monthly power generation is expected to rise for the first time in June, after eight months of declines, said the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) Friday on its website.     The top planning agency based the forecast on statistics collected by State Grid and China Southern Power Grid from June 1 to 23.     Due to increasing economic activity and high temperatures, daily power generation topped 10 billion kilowatt hours for nine days during mid-June and exceeded 10.80 billion kw/hrs on June 23 -- the highest this year, said the NDRC.     Eight provinces and regions set power records from June 1 to June 23: Hebei, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Hainan provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

XI'AN, June 13 (Xinhua) -- Chinese archaeologists started a new excavation of the famous terracotta army site Saturday, hoping to find more clay figures and unravel some of the mysteries left behind by the "First Emperor."     It was the third excavation in the pit -- the first and largest of three pits at the site near Xi'an, capital of northwestern Shaanxi Province -- since 1974 when the terracotta army was discovered by peasants digging a well. Archaeologists work at the excavation site of No. 1 pit of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang, in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province, June 13, 2009. Archeologists began the third large-scale excavation of the Terra-cotta Warriors on June 13, China's fourth Cultural Heritage Day, after a halt of over 20 years.FIRST DAY: "BETTER THAN THOUGHT"     The new dig began at 1 p.m. Saturday, which marks the country's fourth Cultural Heritage Day, and it lasted about five hours on the first day.     "The most important discovery today is two four-horse chariots that are standing in tandem very closely," said Cao Wei, deputy curator of the Qinshihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum.     "It is the first time for us to find such an existence in the excavation history," Cao said. Photo taken on June 13, 2009 shows the excavation site of No. 1 pit of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang, in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province.In addition, another important discovery was that a few newly-unearthed terracotta warriors were richly colored. Archaeologists soon used plastic sheets to cover them for protection.     Richly colored clay figures were unearthed from the mausoleum of Qinshihuang in the Qin Dynasty (221 B.C.- 207 B.C.), the first emperor of a united China, in previous excavations, but once they were exposed to the air they began to lose their luster and turn an oxidized grey.     "From what we have excavated today, the preservation of the cultural relics is better than thought," said Xu Weihong, head of the excavation team. Photo taken on June 13, 2009 shows the excavation site of No. 1 pit of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang, in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province. "Take for instance, the discovery of the richly colored terracotta warriors gave us great confidence. I believe the future excavation will go smoothly," Xu said.     The 230 by 62-meter pit was believed to contain about 6,000 life-sized terracotta figures, more than 1,000 of which were found in previous excavations, said Wu Yongqi, museum curator.     The State Administration of Cultural Heritage has approved the museum's dig of 200 square meters of the site this year, Wu said. Archaeologists work at the excavation site of No. 1 pit of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang, in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province, June 13, 2009.Also Saturday, deputy curator Cao told reporters that the state ministration has approved a five-year excavation plan submitted by the museum.     "We plan to dig about 2,000 square meters in the coming five years," Cao said.     NEW DISCOVERIES EXPECTED     Archaeologists hoped they might find a clay figure that appeared to be "in command" of the huge underground army, said Liu Zhancheng, head of the archeological team under the terracotta museum.     "We're hoping to find a clay figure that represented a high-ranking army officer, for example," he told Xinhua earlier.     Liu and his colleagues are also hoping to ascertain the success of decades of preservation efforts to keep the undiscovered terracotta figures intact and retain their original colors.     Most experts believe the pit houses a rectangular army of archers, infantrymen and charioteers that the emperor hoped would help him rule in the afterlife.     But Liu Jiusheng, a Chinese historian in Xi'an, claims it was an army of servants and bodyguards rather than warriors. His argument is still not widely accepted by other terracotta experts.     The army is still known to most Chinese people as the "terracotta warriors and horses."     The army was one of the greatest archeological finds of modern times. It was discovered in Lintong county, 35 km east of Xi'an, in 1974 by peasants who were digging a well.     The first formal excavation of the site lasted for six years from 1978 to 1984 and produced 1,087 clay figures. A second excavation, in 1985, lasted a year and was cut short for technical reasons.     The discovery, listed as a world heritage site by UNESCO in December 1987, has turned Xi'an into one of China's major tourist attractions.

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BEIJING, June 27 (Xinhua) -- China's top legislature concluded its six-day, bimonthly session Saturday, after approving several laws, including one on rural land disputes aiming to ensure rural stability,     President Hu Jintao signed decrees to publish the law on the mediation and arbitration of rural land contract disputes, the revised Law on Statistics and a decision to abolish eight outdated or redundant laws.     The concluding meeting was presided over by Wu Bangguo, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), or top legislature. The closing session of the ninth session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress is held in Beijing, capital of China, on June 27, 2009. The ninth session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress, the top legislature, closed its latest six-day, bi-monthly session Saturday.The ninth session of the 11th NPC Standing Committee also adopted a revision to the government's 2008 final accounts, an audit report and a decision to lease land in Guangdong to Macao as a new site for the University of Macao.     Wu said the law on the mediation and arbitration of rural land contract disputes is based on the actual condition of rural areas, giving consideration to the convenience of the broad masses of people, bring into full play the role of mediation and arbitration and specifying measures and procedures that provide a legal basis for settling rural land disputes and ensuring farmers' rights.     "It's also significant in strengthening rural land operation systems, improving land contract relations and promoting rural development and social stability," Wu said.     The revision to the Law on Statistics mainly focused on falsification in statistical work, Wu said, adding the revision improved the law by preventing official interference in statistical work, reinforcing responsibility and enhancing punishment so as to ensure the authenticity and credibility of data.     "During the deliberation, members of the NPC Standing Committee agreed with the judgement that this year has been the toughest for the country's economic development since the new century," he said. Wu Bangguo (C), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC), addresses the closing session of the ninth session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress, in Beijing, capital of China, on June 27, 2009.    The government's fiscal revenue dropped in the first five months year on year, according to a report submitted to the session.     Wu called on the State Council (cabinet) and relevant departments to take measures such as enhancing taxation while implementing structural tax reduction policies, improving the efficiency of fund use, practicing frugality, opposing extravagance and actively deepening fiscal system reform.     He asked the departments concerned to rectify problems in implementing the budget, as found by audit authorities, and report to the top legislature the progress before the year-end.     Officials involved in such problems would be punished according to law.     Wu said lawmakers had been deeply concerned about the reconstruction of quake-hit areas in Sichuan Province after the region was struck by the May 12, 2008 quake, and heard a report about reconstruction at this legislative meeting.     Lawmakers said the reconstruction work was "an important project concerning people's life and development" and efforts should be made to resolve housing problems for the poor as well rebuild public facilities such as schools, hospitals, transportation and water-conservation projects.          SOCIALIST LEGAL SYSTEM     The top legislature adopted Saturday the nullification of eight laws, including one covering police stations that dates back to 1954, as part of an effort to eliminate redundant, contradictory and obsolete laws.     Wu said 2009-2010 was a key period in forming a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics and the legislative work would be arduous.     He urged improving the legislative work so as to ensure the goal of establishing a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics by 2010, set by the Communist Party of China Central Committee in 1997.     The socialist legal system basically took shape in 2007 and this 11th NPC Standing Committee set the legislative priority as improving legislative quality by enacting backbone laws soon as well as clearing obsolete ones, he said.     Wu said overhauling laws was an important measure of improving legislation so as to ensure a scientific, integrated and harmonious legal system.     As of June 26, 2008, China had 229 laws, with categories including the Constitution, civil and commercial law, administrative and economic law and criminal law, among others.     He said the next step was to urge relevant departments to draft matching regulations.     "When drafting laws in the future, efforts should be made to enact relevant regulations as well so that the regulations could take effect simultaneously with the law, or not too late behind the law, in order to ensure an effective implementation of the law," Wu said.     He stressed that legislation in the pipeline should be completed in time. When revising or enacting laws, revision should be made collectively if disagreement was found in different laws or regulations, in order to ensure the legal system's integrity.     The top legislature also adopted a decision to remove Xia Zhengui, a former Party secretary of Linfen in northern Shanxi, and Ji Chuntang, a former mayor of northern Shijiazhuang, from the post as NPC deputies.     Ji was expelled for his role in last year's adulterated milk scandal. Xia was stripped of the post for a mine accident that caused 277 deaths last year.     According to the Credentials Committee of the NPC Standing Committee, the total number of deputies to the 11th NPC now stands at 2,982.     The meeting also appointed four senior officials to the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate.

BEIJING, June 2 (Xinhua) -- The China Investment Corporation (CIC), the country's sovereign wealth fund, announced Tuesday that it decided to buy 1.2 billion U.S. dollar common stocks in Morgan Stanley's 2.2-billion-U.S.-dollar common stock offering.     Morgan Stanley announced Tuesday it had priced a public offering of common equity of 2.2 billion U.S. dollars. The proceeds are intended to fully redeem the preferred capital of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) before the end of June.     The TARP is a program of the United States government to purchase assets and equity from financial institutions in order to strengthen its financial sector. It is the largest component of the U.S. government's measures in 2008 to address the subprime mortgage crisis.     Morgan Stanley notified the CIC of the offering in light of its healthy business relationship with CIC and the preemptive rights CIC holds. CIC plans to participate in this offering, according toa notice on its Web site.     CIC was optimistic in Morgan Stanley's future development as "Morgan Stanley is widely expected to be able to leverage on its strengthened financial position and will be on the road of resuming its successful trajectory amid the dramatic restructuring of the international financial services industry".     On December 19, 2007, CIC purchased 5.6 billion U.S. dollars mandatory convertible securities into Morgan Stanley common stock, representing approximately 9.86 percent equity ownership in Morgan Stanley.     However, after Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.'s investment in Morgan Stanley in October 2008, CIC's equity ownership was diluted to approximately 7.68 percent.     This new purchase would bring CIC's equity ownership in Morgan Stanley back to approximately 9.86 percent, effectively reducing CIC's overall cost basis and increasing the returns potential, said CIC.     According to a statement posted on Morgan Stanley Web site Tuesday, it has priced a public offering of approximately 80.2 million shares of common stock to the public at 27.44 dollars per share.     CIC has agreed to purchase 44.7 million shares of common stock at the public offering price while the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. has agreed to buy 16 million shares, the Morgan Stanley statement said.

BEIJING, June 2 (Xinhua) -- China's national college entrance exam saw a decrease in candidates for the first time in the past seven years, said the Ministry of Education Tuesday.     About 10.2 million people registered to attend the upcoming exam, down 3.8 percent year on year, according to the ministry.     In contrast, candidates for the exam saw a continuous increase from 2002 to 2008, jumping from 5.27 million in 2002 to 10.5 million in 2008.     This year's examinees would have more opportunities to enter colleges as they would compete for 6.29 million seats in China's universities and colleges, up four percent from last year, the ministry's figure showed.     About half of the country's provinces and regions earlier reported a decrease in candidate number. Some media reports came to the conclusion that greater employment pressure caused by the international economic downturn led to the drop.     "I don't agree with this view," said Jiang Gang, deputy director of the ministry's college students office.     "The drop of candidate number is mainly due to the decline of senior high school graduates," he said.     Jiang, however, admitted the financial crisis did inflict great pressure the country's job market.     In China, most of the candidates for higher education are students finishing three-year study in senior high schools.     Figures from the National Bureau of Statistics showed the number of senior high school graduates decreased from 8.49 million last year to 8.34 million this year. It is estimated to be 8.03 million in 2010.     College graduates are having a hard time finding jobs this year as posts are being axed due to the economic slowdown.     China has 6.11 million college students due to graduate this year, and one million from last year are still looking for jobs, according to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.     Known as "gao kao" in Chinese, the national college entrance exam, which falls on June 7 to 9 each year, is the largest examination in the world. The exam can change the candidates' lives in a fiercely competitive society.

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NANJING, April 25 (Xinhua) -- Negotiators from the Chinese mainland and Taiwan on Saturday stressed the significance of enhanced cross-Straits economic exchanges and cooperation amid the international financial turmoil.     Zheng Lizhong, deputy chief of the mainland-based Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS), said the international financial turmoil has brought new challenges to economic development across the Taiwan Straits.     Compatriots from the two sides aspired to accelerate cross-Straits economic cooperation, Zheng said at a preliminary meeting with his Taiwan counterpart Kao Koong-lian, Vice Chairman and Secretary-General of the island's Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF).     The meeting was held to make final preparations for Sunday's talks between the ARATS and SEF heads Chen Yunlin and Chiang Pin-kung.     Sunday's talks could bring enhanced economic development and cooperation across the Straits, he said. Zheng Lizhong (R), vice-president of the mainland's Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS), shakes hands with Kao Koong Liann, vice chairman and secretary-general of Taiwan-based Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF), before the preliminary discussion in Nanjing, capital of east China's Jiangsu Province, April 25, 2009. ARATS President Chen Yunlin and SEF Chairman Chiang Pin-kung are scheduled to hold talks on Sunday    Kao Koong-lian said one of the SEF's basic notions is that the cross-Straits relations should be two-way exchanges instead of one-way.     With mainland investment on the island, one of the four major issues under negotiation during the talks, the cross-Straits trade could basically resume normal two-way exchanges, he said.     He hoped issues on safeguarding cross-Straits investment agreements and preventing double taxation could be included in the next round of talks.     Direct transport, postal service and trade was totally cut off between the two sides since the Chinese civil war ended in 1949.     On Jan. 1, 1979, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, or the top legislature, called for an early realization of the three direct cross-Straits links on transport, mail and trade in its "Message to Compatriots in Taiwan." After 1979, the mainland allowed Taiwan products to enter at lower tax rates or tax-exempt.     In July 1988, the State Council, or the Cabinet, issued regulations encouraging Taiwan compatriots to invest on the mainland.     The mainland has been the largest trading partner of Taiwan since 2003, with annual trading volume surpassing 100 billion U.S. dollars.

MOSCOW, May 29 (Xinhua) -- Senior representatives on security issues from the BRIC countries met in Moscow on Friday ahead of an upcoming summit on relations and cooperation within the bloc.     Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo briefly commented on the current international situation and called for enhanced cooperation from the BRIC countries - Brazil, Russia, India and China - in dealing with major global and regional issues. Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo attends a meeting of the security representatives of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) in Moscow, Russia, May 29, 2009.Dai said the international financial crisis has had an unprecedented worldwide impact. He said the upheaval has brought about a new round of complex adjustments in international relations and the world order.     All nations, Dai said, desire to reform the current international economic and financial system, safeguard world peace and stability, and jointly deal with global issues. Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo listens during a meeting of the security representatives of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) in Moscow, Russia, May 29, 2009.The state councilor suggested that in the face of mounting common threats and challenges, developed and emerging economies should seriously consider ways of promoting international order and mechanism conducive to common interests, pushing for dialogues and cooperation favorable for sustainable development, and working together to build a harmonious world of long lasting peace and common prosperity.     The BRIC countries, Dai said, should work together to enlarge their consensus, exchange views on major international and regional issues of common concern, strengthen coordination and cooperation, and facilitate the settlement of problems.     In particular, Dai said, the countries should reinforce their cooperation in dealing with the economic downturn, enhance coordination on macro-economic policies, jointly oppose protectionism in any form, speed up the reform of the international financial system, and advance the creation of an international cooperation mechanism conforming to globalization and multipolarization.     The BRIC summit will be held in June in Yekaterinburg, Russia.

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BEIJING, May 6 (Xinhua) -- China and Portugal agreed here Wednesday to enhance friendly exchanges and cooperation.     Top Chinese legislator Wu Bangguo and top Chinese political advisor Jia Qinglin met with Portuguese parliament speaker Jaime Gama on Wednesday.     Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), China's top legislature, spoke highly of China-Portugal relations and noted that China always conducted its ties with Portugal from a strategic, long-term perspective and is ready to advance their comprehensive strategic partnership. Wu Bangguo (R), chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, meets with Jaime Gama, speaker of Portugal's Assembly of the Republic (Parliament), at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, May 6, 2009    He called on the two countries to maintain the momentum of high-level contacts, forge stronger economic and trade ties, intensify personnel exchanges and strengthen consultation and coordination in international organizations.     Gama, who is visiting China from May 5 to May 9 at the invitation of Wu, said that Portugal highly appreciated China's responsible attitude and effective policies adopted in tackling the world financial crisis and expressed the hope of furthering Portugal-China cooperation.     Earlier Wednesday, Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the country's top advisory body, also met with Gama.     Jia said the CPPCC hoped to enhance friendly relations with the Portuguese parliament and play an active role in promoting the development of bilateral relations.     Gama said Portugal is willing to strengthen Portugal-China cooperation and exchanges in the fields of politics, economy, culture and science and technology.Jia Qinglin (R Front), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, meets with Jaime Gama (L Front), speaker of Portugal's Assembly of the Republic (Parliament), at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, May 6, 2009.

BEIJING, May 3 (Xinhua) -- Decoupling from the world, and the economic downturn much of it is experiencing, has proven impossible for China. But its resilience is receiving more recognition, with many leading financial institutions upgrading their 2009 growth forecasts since mid-April.     The adjustments for gross domestic product (GDP) growth, ranging from 0.5 to 2.3 percentage points, were based on signs of a turnaround in the first quarter. These indicators included stronger-than-expected real GDP growth, recovering property investment, a pick-up in power consumption and a surge in bank lending.     Merrill Lynch & Co. said it expected China's GDP to grow 7.2 percent in the second quarter and 8 percent this year, while Goldman Sachs raised its projection from 6 percent to 8.3 percent, the most optimistic forecast so far. Other forecasts include UBS, which raised its estimate by 0.5 point to 7 percent and CLSA Asia-Pacific, which lifted its outlook by 1.5 point to 7 percent.     China's policymakers can take heart from these forecasts. Every upward revision, big or small, given the global economic slowdown, might point to a better chance for the nation to achieve its 8-percent growth target. That level of growth is considered necessary to raise living standards while maintaining social stability.     But there's still the question of whether rapid growth is sustainable. Some analysts believe it isn't unless China can rebalance its economy and achieve higher efficiency, lower environmental costs and a more reasonable balance among investment, trade and consumption.     QUANTITY OR QUALITY?     In an interview with Xinhua, Stephen Roach, chairman of Morgan Stanley Asia, urged Chinese authorities to get more serious about stimulating private consumption because the global economy remains "pretty weak" and might only achieve a weak recovery.     "China has responded to the crisis the way it has always responded to global problems. That is, using proactive fiscal stimulus mainly in the infrastructure area to provide temporary support in the downturn until the global economy comes back. It worked in the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the 2000-2001 mild recession. But this is a different sort of problem," said Roach.     "Once the stimulus wears off and if there is no follow-through, the Chinese economy will weaken again. I don't think exports will recover in the weak global economy."     Domestic economists voice similar worries, saying that the speed of growth doesn't matter as much as the quality. Liu Shangxi, deputy dean of the Research Institute for Fiscal Science at the Ministry of Finance, said that the 6.1-percent year-on-year growth in the first quarter had been "fairly good" for China. But, he said, "sometimes, it's worth slowing down a bit to have the economy move more stably."     Wang Xiaoguang, an economist with the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the chief planning agency. said that the government's annual growth target had become mostly symbolic.     For five years in a row, the target was 8 percent, and for five years in a row, the growth rate overshot the target. Wang said the government had faced a dilemma: a cut in the target might undermine public confidence while a rise might tempt local governments to over-invest to meet a high growth target.     The turnaround signs mostly reflected the impact of the 4-trillion-yuan (586 billion U.S. dollars) stimulus package. Meanwhile, retail sales still trailed investment in contributing to growth. Local economists warned that the economy remained unbalanced and vulnerable.     "Historical records show that adjustments in the Chinese economy would take two to three years, on average. Seven months have passed since the impact of the global financial crisis began to tell on the local economy.     "With a turnaround in sight, recovery might come earlier than expected but there are still risks of a further slowdown," Chen Dongqi, deputy chief of the Macro-Economic Research Institute under the NDRC, told a business development forum in Guangdong in late April.     BUYING CURE     It's widely accepted among economists that China should boost domestic private consumption by leading individuals to buy more and save less. The key question is: how?     "Two big programs" Roach advocates call for doubling the investment in social security immediately to 150 billion U.S. dollars and establishing a goal of raising consumption as a share of the economy from 36 percent to 50 percent within five years.     "What I think is missing here is the social safety net, social security pension and unemployment insurance. Because of the absence of the safety net, China has seen a high level of precautionary saving," he said.     Roach suggested that China develop a private pension system in particular so total employee compensation could rise in tandem with productivity. "Chinese companies need to partner with their workers and provide medical care [and] retirement investing for their workforce. Chinese workers' total pay package should have both wages and benefits," he said.     Liu agreed that the primary task in expanding consumption was to raise incomes. "Securing the legitimate interests of workers is particularly significant when the economy slumps. It would be like drinking poison to quench one's thirst if businesses sought to expand corporate earnings at the cost of workers' pay and benefits," he said.     Low labor costs and massive capacity have propped up China's prosperity over the past decades. But the proportion of wages to national income has been on a long decline since the 1990s.     Between 2002 and 2006 alone, economists estimate the figure dropped from 62.1 percent to 57.1 percent. Meanwhile, the contribution of consumption to GDP growth fell from 43.6 percent to 38.9 percent.     "A more meaningful index to judge the sustainability of China's economic growth would be the proportion of wages to national income," Liu said. "If this ratio did not rise, people would remain poor, and thus expanding consumption would be empty talk."     Chinese are far from wealthy. Only 4 percent of the workforce, and just 10 percent of the urban workforce, earn more than 2,000 yuan a month, the threshold for individual income tax.     As Chinese residents hold 2.43 trillion yuan in aggregate deposits, economists say one immediate way to boost consumption would be to stabilize spending on staple property -- including housing and automobiles -- and support tourism and cultural activities.     "People spend much of their money on housing and food. The government should encourage people to entertain themselves more," Wang said.     CHINA 'NO LOCOMOTIVE'     Although China might be the first major economy to recover from the downturn, economists disagree on when China will return to sustained high growth.     Morgan Stanley, for example, has forecast a firm recovery by mid-year, but said sustainable growth through 2010 would still hinge on what happens in other countries.     "China will be stronger. But will that strength be enough to allow others to follow in its footsteps? I don't think so," said Roach.     "Most of China's resilience comes from infrastructure building, roads, property consumption ... [this] won't have an impact on the United States and Europe. This resilience is only temporary while its stimulus is local rather than global."     Central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan also warned in late April during World Bank-IMF meetings in Washington that the rebound in China's economy had to be consolidated. He said conditions in China would permit rapid economic development again, once macroeconomic policies such as the stimulus plan took effect.     Challenging internal and external conditions, he said, included continuously shrinking external demand, a relatively large decline in exports, overcapacity in some industries, falling government revenue and lingering employment pressure.     As China emerges from the shadow of the downturn, together with many of its Western partners, the world is closely watching the socialist market economy that it is still trying to develop.     It was interesting to see that there was much "the ideologically-constrained West" could learn from China, just as there was much China could learn from the West, said Roach.     "China has gone slow in many areas, especially in the opening up of its financial market. But China made the right choice," he said.     "Focusing on stability is a huge plus for China. But the nation must be vigilant in its financial policies, especially monetary and regulatory policies, and not allow asset bubbles and financial innovations it doesn't understand," said Roach.