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Beijing - China is turning the site of a prison camp run by Japanese forces during World War Two into a war museum, the Xinhua news agency said on Sunday. More than 2,000 prisoners from the United States, Britain, the Netherlands and Australia were imprisoned at the camp in Shenyang, a Manchurian city formerly known as Mukden, between November 1942 and August 1945. More than one in 10 of them died, Xinhua said. Many Chinese believe Japan has yet to apologize properly for its invasion and occupation of China in the years leading up to and during the war. The 54 million yuan (US million) museum in Shenyang will include a two-storey brick building, three bungalows and a water tower, all original camp buildings in the Dadong district, Xinhua said. Two walls in a square will be inscribed with the names of the prisoners of war. China has a museum in Nanjing commemorating the slaughter of the citizens of that city, formerly known as Nanking, by invading Japanese troops 70 years ago. Nanjing has become the focal point for Japanese ultra-nationalists who dispute the Chinese estimate that 300,000 died or even that any massacre occurred. An Allied tribunal after the war put the death toll at about 142,000 men, women and children.

BEIJING -- China may entirely switch to non-food materials such as cassva, sweet potato, sorgo and cellulose in producing ethanol fuel as a substitute for petroleum, said a government official. The country would approve no projects designed to produce ethanol fuel with food from now on, an official of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) told a seminar on China's fuel ethanol development held in Beijing on Saturday. "Food-based ethanol fuel will not be the direction for China," said Xu Dingming, vice director of the Office of the National Energy Leading Group, who was also at the seminar. China has been trying to avoid occupation of arable land, consumption of large amount of grain and damages to the environment in developing the renewable energies. The current four enterprises engaged in producing corn-based ethanol would be asked to switch to non-food materials gradually, according to the NDRC official who declined to be named. The four enterprises in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan and Anhui have a combined production capacity of 1.02 million tons of corn-based ethanol per year. The country has become a big producer and consumer of ethanol fuel in the world after the United States, Brazil and European Union, according to the NDRC official. China Oil and Food Corporation (COFCO), the country's largest oil and food importer and exporter, would focus on sorgo in the production of non-food-based ethanol fuel, said Yu Xubo, president of COFCO at the seminar. COFCO, which owns the Heilongjiang enterprise and has a twenty-percent stake in the Anhui enterprise, aims to produce five million tons of ethanol fuel based on sorgo in the near future. COFCO is leading the way in developing cellulosic ethanol fuel under a cooperation agreement with Denmark-based Novozymes, which leads the world in researches into the key enzymes needed in large-scale production of cellulosic ethanol. The current cost for producing ethanol fuel from stalks of corn, which are discarded by farmers, is still too high. Novozymes is working on the commercialization of cellulosic ethanol both in the United States and China. "We are optimistic about China's prospect of making it work ahead of the US, as the cost of collecting the stalks of corn are much cheaper in China," said Steen Riisgaard, president and CEO of Novozymes. There is much opposition both in China and in the world to corn-based ethanol fuel, which is believed will lead to higher corn price.

BEIJING -- For the first time in its history, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has mentioned the word "religion" in an amendment to its Constitution adopted on Sunday at the closing session of the 17th CPC National Congress.To incorporate into its Constitution the principles and policies the Party has formulated for guiding efforts to strengthen the work related to ethnic and religious affairs, among others, is conducive to their full implementation and getting better results in the Party's work in this area, said a resolution on the amendment to the Constitution.It said the insertion has been made in light of the new circumstances and tasks.The CPC is atheistic but allows freedom of religious beliefs. China is home to 100 million religious faithful, largely Buddhists, Taoists, Christians, Catholics and Islamites"The Party's secret in handling well China's religious issues lies in its principles and policies," said Ye Xiaowen, director of the State Administration of Religious Affairs. "Their insertion in the Party Constitution shows the Party is sincere, and capable, of its implementation of policies on the freedom of religious beliefs. "He said religious problems are reported in many parts of the world. "But in China we enjoy peace and quiet because we have the established policies and principles."With the new elaboration on religious work, Ye said the Party is determined to enhance the active role of the religious circle and faithful in boosting social and economic development."I learned of the amendment on the Internet and was inspired," said Living Buddha Dainzin Qoizha in the Shannan Prefecture of southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region. He's been watching the week-long Party congress on the Internet.Dainzin Qoizha is a government employee in Shannan. More than half of his colleagues are CPC members."I'm on very good terms with them," he said. "As a non- Communist, I'm in charge of ethnic and religious work. The prefecture's Party committee is very supportive."Hao Peng, vice Party chief in Tibet, described the relations between the Party and the religious faithful as "united, cooperative and mutual respectful".Tibet currently has more than 1,700 religious sites, 46,000 monks and nuns and more than 30 living Buddhas whose reincarnation has been recognized by the central or regional governments.At least 600 Tibetan Buddhist faithful are working at local legislatures, political advisory bodies, administrations of religious affairs and state-owned businesses and institutions.The CPC's tenet of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, featuring prosperity, democracy, cultural advancement and harmony, reflect the common aspirations of Tibet's religious faithful, said Zhukang Tubdankezhub, president of the Tibetan branch of the Buddhist Association of China.As the host country of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, China has pledged to offer religious services for foreigners arriving for the Games."A large number of religious faithful will be arriving for the Games," Ye Xiaowen told reporters at a news conference on the sidelines of the 17th Party congress.He said China is working on religious facilities at its Olympic venues with the help of the International Olympic Committee and referring to the practices at previous Games. "Our religious services will be up to previous standards."Ye also dismissed allegations that China restricted the printing and sale of Bibles, which he said receive state subsidies and other preferential policies.China, with 16 million Protestant Christians, has printed 42 million Bibles, he said. 

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China has launched a campaign to persuade more women to breast feed, worried that Chinese babies' development lags developed countries because they are not fed properly in their first months of life. The government is also worried about the growing use of powdered baby milk formula -- which many Chinese believe is more "modern" and better for the baby -- especially after 13 babies died of malnutrition in 2004 from being fed fake formula. "Breast milk is a necessary and ideal food for a baby, and the nutrients it contains are the most suitable for the baby's digestion and nourishment," the Health Ministry said on Wednesday in a statement on its Web site (www.moh.gov.cn). "For mothers, breast feeding is beneficial to post-partum recuperation," it added, without saying what the breast-feeding rate was in China. Chinese babies put on less weight in their first six months than babies in developed countries, the ministry said. "The main reason is parents lack scientific knowledge about feeding," it said, adding that problems caused by poor baby nutrition might include mental retardation. There was a particular problem in the countryside, where parents did not know when or how to best start introducing solid food to babies or how to balance their nutritional requirements, the ministry said. The government would spend more time promoting breast feeding and providing information as well as enforcing a ban on baby milk formula being sold or advertised in hospitals, it said. Studies around the world have shown that breast-feeding has many advantages for children including reducing infections, respiratory illnesses and diarrhea. Other studies have shown that babies who are breast-fed for the first six months of life grow better without getting too fat.

BEIJING, March 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese commercial banks will be allowed to trade gold futures in the domestic market, according to a notice released on the regulator's official website here on Monday.     China gold futures trading was launched in January, but domestic banks were barred from trading by the China Banking Regulatory Commission.     According to the notice, domestic banks that meet certain requirements, such as having capital adequacy ratio of more than 8percent, can apply for a trading permit.     "That's great news for the gold futures market, which is not operating that well," said Hu Yuyue, an expert with Beijing Technology and Business University.     "Commercial banks can provide more liquidity and stability to the market, after all, they hold huge capital," said Hu.     "Gold futures trading can also help domestic banks to improve competitiveness against overseas banks as financial derivatives are supposed to be the largest revenue sources for leading banks," he said.     Non-interest income usually accounts for at least 50 percent of bank revenues in developed countries and the proportion can reach 80 percent for some banks.     However, Chinese banks depend heavily on the margins between deposits and loans.

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BEIJING, March 10 -- Tianjin's mayor assured investors Sunday that the city's pilot program, allowing mainlanders to invest in Hong Kong-listed shares, is on track.     "There's a lot of preparation involved. Risk assessment and research is under way to open the door for mainlanders to invest in the Hong Kong stock market," Huang Xingguo, mayor of Tianjin, said Sunday.     "The project's going smoothly, but timing depends on central government approval. I can assure you that Tianjin's status as a pilot city (for financial reform) will not change," he said.     The scheme is in line with the nation's economic development and investor demand and will be an effective way to bring in conversion of the renminbi via capital accounts, Guo Qingping, chief of Bank of China's (BOC) Tianjin branch, said on the sidelines of yesterday's NPC session.     But authorities are cautious about rushing the program through, due to its complexity and risk.     "One risk is hot money flowing into and out of the mainland," Guo said.     BOC was originally expected to be the only financial institution providing the program, but Guo said the details are still being ironed out.     The trial scheme was announced in August last year as a way to diversify mainland investor channels. But it's been put on hold amid the unfolding US subprime crisis and global stock market uncertainty.     Preparation for the program includes payment systems, renminbi conversion, regulation changes as well as extensive risk assessment, Huang said.     Liu Mingkang, chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, told China Daily earlier that no timetable has been set for the pilot scheme, which will allow mainlanders to invest directly in Hong Kong-listed shares. The regulator stressed that more research into the system is needed.     Meanwhile, a timetable is not yet available for Tianjin's new offshore financial center, which is also subject to further research, according to Guo from BOC.

The US government should withdraw its complaint against China to the WTO over the intellectual property rights (IPR) issue, China's top IPR official reiterated on Tuesday. "The Chinese government has always been firm in protecting intellectual property rights and attained significant achievements in this respect. It's not a sensible move for the US government to file a complaint against China to the WTO," said Tian Lipu, director of the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO). The United States filed two WTO complaints against China over copyright piracy and restrictions on the sale of US books, music, videos and movies early April. "As far as I know, negotiators from China and the US are still in the consultation stages within the WTO framework," Tian said, speaking at a seminar organized by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and SIPO in Beijing. He said that it was still hard to predict the result of the consultation since it was the first time China had handled such a complaint. "But we will respond to it positively according to WTO rules and fight through to the end," Tian vowed. According to rules set by WTO, trade negotiators from both countries should try to resolve the dispute within a 60-day consultation period from the day the complaint was lodged. Otherwise, the United States can ask the WTO to establish investigative panels. Tian said it was unreasonable for the United States to ignore the huge progress achieved by China in IPR protection. He stressed that the amount of invention patent applications in China ranked fourth in the world last year and it increased by 28.4 percent on average between 2000 and 2006. "IPR protection is a natural option for building an innovative country. It also serves China's goal for overall development. Therefore, the Chinese government will continue its efforts to protect IPR and combat copyright piracy no matter what decisions the US makes," Tian noted.

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GUANGZHOU: Doctors in this city have developed a new birth control surgery for men that could be made available to the public starting next year.The method involves making a small incision along the testicle. Doctors then place a tiny tube, about the size of a match, into the opening.The tube functions as a filter that blocks sperm, Wu Weixiong, the director of Guangzhou Family Planning Technology Center, said.The surgery has already been patented, and the health department will promote it as soon as it is approved by the National Food and Drug Administration, Zhu Jiaming, the vice-president of the Guangzhou Sexology Association, said.He expects approval to be granted by next year."The success rate for this form of birth control is 97 percent," he said.The tube can be removed without negatively affecting a man's sexual health, he said.Wu said the operation takes just 10 minutes. However, it is very difficult and requires highly skilled doctors.He said only a few hospitals have the staff and facilities necessary to carry out the procedure. However, training courses will soon be made available to local doctors.Wu said he believed enough facilities and manpower would be available to handle the demand for such operations by the time the procedure is officially approved."The success rate of the operation is almost 100 percent," Duan Jianhua, an official of Guangzhou population and family planning commission, said.Research on the operation started four years ago in Beijing. It was led by the science and technology institute of the National Population and Family Planning Commission and Guangzhou family planning science and technology institute.Wu said the technique was developed through more than 1,600 clinical trials all over the country. More than 500 men in Qingyuan, a city in Guangdong Province, have already had the operation. All the trials were successful and none of the subjects has experienced any side effects.Zhu Jiaming said the operation costs just a few thousand yuan, which is affordable for most people in China."When the technique is available, couples will have one more option for birth control, and married women do not have to install an intrauterine device (IUD) anymore," Zhu said.The public seems ready."I welcome this technique. It makes me feel women are more respected by society than before," Liu Jun, a woman in Guangzhou, said.A survey by the Guangzhou-based New Express Daily found that about 60 percent of Guangzhou residents welcomed the surgery and supported its promotion.

The country's campaign to improve product quality and food safety has yielded very good results, Vice-Premier Wu Yi said in Weifang, Shandong Province, October 26, 2007. [Newsphoto]Weifang - The country's campaign to improve product quality and food safety has yielded very good results, Vice-Premier Wu Yi said on Friday.Despite that she urged: "We have to win this special war against poor product quality and supervision, enabling our people to eat without fear."Wu said the government has raised its investment in agriculture, especially in pesticide supervision and fertilizers management and to prevent fake products from entering the sector.Besides, authorities will strengthen supervision and inspection on vegetables and other food products in major cities, bringing all wholesale markets within the authorities' monitoring system.Officials are already monitoring all wholesale markets for agricultural products in 676 medium- and large-sized cities, Minister of Agriculture Sun Zhengcai said.Latest data suggest 94 percent vegetables and 95 percent aquatic products in cities have pesticide residue below the danger level.Also, more than 97.4 per cent of the pigs are slaughtered in registered abattoirs. The authorities closed down 602 illegal and 4,051 slaughterhouses in the first half of this year alone.Concerns over Chinese products safety prompted the government to formed a cabinet-level panel on food safety and quality control under the vice-premier in August.Eight categories of products are under the panel's scanner, including pork, drugs, agricultural products, processed food, toys and electric wires. The "special war" is aimed at improving product quality in four months.At a meeting in Weifang, Shandong Province, Wu lauded the province's advanced practice in product quality and food security management."Shandong's experience in standardized plantation of vegetables, aquatic products and some other agricultural products has been proved effective and worth promoting nationwide," Wu said.It brings irrigation and the condition of cultivable areas, particularly where chemicals are used, under a quality control system, which will be overseen by local officials, Shandong Governor Jiang Daming said.The province has taken the lead in the country to set up internationally recognized systems of quality standards, quality testing, attestation and supervision, securing a high standard of food quality from every link of production, processing and transportation.And more than 400,000 people in the province have attended into food safety education training sessions since August.