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BEIJING, Oct. 26 -- Delegations from more than 84 countries and regions will participate the ITD conference Monday, and a host of international experts from governments, the private sector and academia will make presentations and lead discussions on this important topic.     The ITD is a cooperative venture formed in 2002 and comprised of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the European Commission and the UK Department for International Development.     Its purpose is to foster dialogue on important topics in tax policy and administration and to function as a disseminator and repository of information on matters of interest in taxation around the world, through its website, www.itdweb.org.     The IMF attaches great importance to its role as a founding member of the ITD. Recent events in the world economy have made even clearer the necessity of international cooperation and sharing experience in economic matters, and this is the very purpose, which the ITD serves.     The topic of this conference is a timely and critical one. The world has been reminded recently and forcefully of the great importance of the financial sector for macroeconomic stability, growth, and development goals. The sector plays a critical intermediating function - without it credit could not exist, capital could not be channeled to useful purposes and risks could not be managed.     The conference will take place against the background of the worst financial and economic crisis to strike the world in three generations, and, while taxation was not itself the cause of the crisis, elements of the tax system are relevant to its background and resolution.     Most tax systems embody incentives for corporations, financial institutions and in some cases individuals to use debt rather than equity finance.     This is likely to have contributed to the crisis by leading to higher levels of debt than would otherwise have existed - even though there were no obvious tax changes that would explain rapid increases in debt. Tax distortions may also have encouraged the development of complex and opaque financial instruments and structures, including through extensive use of low-tax jurisdictions - which in turn contributed to the difficulty of identifying true levels of risk.     The magnitude of the fiscal challenges facing the world economy is greater than at any other time since World War II.     Estimates done by IMF staff on the fiscal adjustment necessary to bring government debt-to-GDP ratios down to 60 percent by 2030 - over 20 years hence - show a gap in the cyclically adjusted primary balances of some 8 percentage points of GDP in advanced economies to be closed between 2010 and 2020.     This cannot all be accomplished by expenditure reduction. New, or increased, sources of revenue will need to be found, on average perhaps 3 percentage points of GDP. While improvements in compliance and administration could account for some of that gap, it will be necessary to adjust tax policies to a degree not hitherto seen on a wide scale.     Although the world economy remains weak with downside risks and much hardship remain, signs of improvement are thankfully now visible.     This is an opportune juncture, therefore, to begin the work of planning countries' exits from the deteriorated fiscal positions developed in response to the crisis, and to give thought to questions raised by the performance of the financial sector in triggering the crisis.     What role can better tax policies and administration play in preventing a recurrence of this costly episode in economic history?     The financial sector has been, and must continue to be, a critical link in the development of the world's economies. The sector has played a key role in accelerating the development of the emerging markets - many of which, prior to this most recent episode, had grown able to tap the world's financial resources at an increasing rate unparalleled in history.     And for the world's most vulnerable economies, continued financial deepening will be absolutely necessary to permit them to meet their development goals. The upcoming conference will consider the role of taxation in both the industrial and developing countries with respect to these goals.     The conference will address not only the role of the financial sector as a source of revenue itself, and its broader role in the development and growth of the world economy, but also its function in assisting in administration of the tax system-through information reporting, collection of tax payments, and withholding.     This latter role will become ever more important with growing international cooperation in fighting tax evasion and avoidance.     Finally, we must not lose sight of the main function of the tax system - to raise revenue in an economically efficient, non-distortionary, and administratively feasible manner.     Even fully recognizing the existence of both market failures and policy-induced vulnerabilities, including those that contributed to this crisis, it is important to avoid accidentally introducing distortions through the tax system that may prove worse than the evils they are intended to remedy.     "Neutrality" of taxation of the financial sector in this sense is a benchmark against which deviations from this objective may be measured and judged.     One must ask whether any proposed interventions are targeted at a recognized externality or existing distortion, and, if so, whether the proposed action is the most appropriate response. And the multilateral institutions, in particular, must look to the effects which the financial sector and its taxation may have not only on the world's highly developed economies-those with the greatest depth of financial intermediation-but at the effects, direct and indirect, on the world's developing nations.     International cooperation on these matters will be critical to making improvements that will benefit all of us. This week's important event, hosted by the Chinese government and organized by the ITD, is itself a model in this regard.

LANGFANG, Hebei Province, Jan. 1 (Xinhua) -- President Hu Jintao on Friday urged Party committees and governments at all levels to make issues related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers top priority of their agenda and called for increased investment in these areas.     During a visit to villages in China's northern Hebei Province Friday, Hu called for efforts to develop modern agriculture by relying on the progress of science and technology and make sure that farmers have increasing incomes.     The president said this year's No. 1 document of the CPC Central Committee will include a batch of new policies to support agricultural development.     Hu spent time inquiring about the livelihood of local farmers and conveyed New Year greetings to them. Hu Jintao (C, front), Chinese President, general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and chairman of the Central Military Commission, shakes hands with a family member of villager Zhang Futai during an inspection tour at a village of Liqizhuang Town, Sanhe City, north China's Hebei Province, on Jan. 1, 2010. Hu Jintao made the inspection tour in Sanhe City on Friday.    At a vegetable greenhouse of Liqizhuang Township of Sanhe City, which is close to Beijing, Hu inquired about sales and market price of vegetables and incomes of local farmers.     Hu urged local farmers to give full play to the area's geographic advantage and contribute to the development of local economy by raising the quantity and quality of vegetables.     At a grain and oil enterprise, Hu called for intensified efforts to improve product quality and lower production cost so asto provide consumers with more quality edible oil with a low price.     In another village of Liqizhuang Township, Hu encouraged village authorities to improve villagers' life quality by improving infrastructure and providing local people with more services.     After being told that 74-year-old villager Zhang Futai and his wife had moved into a two-storey building from a house made of mud and stone, Hu said he was happy to see the farmers' living conditions being improved.

PORT MORESBY, Papua New Guinea, Nov. 3 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang on Tuesday discussed bilateral relations and other issues of common concern with Papua New Guinean Prime Minister Michael Thomas Somare. Li said Papua New Guinea, as the largest developing country in the South Pacific, has great influence over regional issues.     He said China attaches great importance to bilateral ties with the Pacific island nation, which China has always regarded as a reliable friend and partner.     In recent years, Li said, the two countries have conducted frequent high-level exchanges, deepened political mutual trust, broadened exchanges and cooperation in an extensive number of sectors. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (R) shakes hands with Papua New Guinean Prime Minister Michael Thomas Somare in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, Oct. 3, 2009.    The two countries also have maintained good communication and coordination in multilateral affairs, Li said.     China appreciates the Papua New Guinean government's adherence to the one-China policy, Li said.     He said China is willing to work with Papua New Guinea to put into practice all of the important agreements reached by leaders from both countries, promote exchanges on various levels and explore the potential for economic and trade cooperation.     The vice premier said China has always been supportive of Papua New Guinea's social and economic progress, and would continue to provide assistance to the best of its ability.     Somare, on his part, said his government cherishes its cooperative relationship with China and that the past 33 years have witnessed marked development of the relationship.     He said, as the country's sixth largest trading partner, China has played an active and significant role in promoting Papua New Guinea's social and economical development.     During the talks, Somare reaffirmed his country's continued adherence to the one-China policy.     Li said China and Papua New Guinea have economies that are complementary to each other's and there is huge potential for cooperation.     Two-way trade totaled 860 million U.S. dollars in 2008.     The vice premier said China will continue to encourage more of its enterprises to invest in Papua New Guinea. Both countries, he said, should broaden their areas of cooperation to agriculture, manufacturing and high-tech, apart from energy and resources.     Somare said Papua New Guinea would like to strengthen cooperation with China in trade, investment, agriculture, infrastructure, manufacturing, education and healthcare.     He also said the preferential loans China has provided to Pacific island nations over the past three years have greatly helped the overall economic and social development of these nations.     Li arrived here on Tuesday on an official visit to Papua New Guinea, the last leg of his three-nation tour. Ha has already visited Australia and New Zealand.

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BEIJING, Dec. 27 (Xinhua)-- Premier Wen Jiabao admitted Sunday that it'd be good if lending by Chinese banks had not been growing on a too large scale as a result of the government's immediate response to the global financial crisis."It would be good if our bank lending was more balanced, better structured and not on such a large scale," he said in an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency.     Wen said the State Council had noticed the problem in the middle of the year and moved to correct it. "It has been improving in the second half of this year," he said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L) smiles during an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency at Ziguangge building inside Zhongnanhai, an office compound of the Chinese central authorities at the heart of Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 27, 2009    Credit expansion was one of the "unexpected difficulties" China had encountered in dealing with the worst crisis in decades, Wen said.     The State Council had to learn from past experience, detect problems and make persistent efforts to fight the crisis effectively, he said.     Wen said it was too early to grade China's performance in tackling the crisis because it was far from over and much work was yet to be completed.     He admitted that the State Council had time in the second half of the year to calmly reflect on the problems arising from the emergency response to the economic crisis.     The State Council had thoroughly discussed measures to cultivate new economic growth points, especially relating to emerging strategic industries such as the Internet, the green economy, the low-carbon economy, sensor technology and bio-pharmacy, he said.     "I think one of the linchpins for the world to overcome the economic crisis is wisdom, and, most importantly, science and technology," he said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L) shakes hands with Xinhua President Li Congjun before an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency at Ziguangge building inside Zhongnanhai, an office compound of the Chinese central authorities at the heart of Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 27, 2009Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L) shakes hands with He Ping, Editor-in-Chief of Xinhua News Agency, before an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency at Ziguangge building inside Zhongnanhai, an office compound of the Chinese central authorities at the heart of Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 27, 2009

SHANGHAI, Nov. 15 (Xinhua) -- U.S. President Barack Obama arrived in China's economic hub Shanghai on Sunday night, starting a state visit to China.     Air Force One touched down at the Shanghai Pudong International Airport in heavy rain at about 23:10.     This is Obama's first state visit to China since he assumed the presidency in January. He is also the first U.S. president who paid a state visit to China within one year in office.     This year marks the 30th anniversary of diplomatic ties between the People's Republic of China and the United States.     U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Permanent Representative to the United Nations Susan Rice and National Security Advisor James Jones also arrived in Shanghai Sunday night. U.S. President Barack Obama arrives in Shanghai on Nov. 15, 2009 to begin his first state visit to ChinaPresident Obama will meet with local officials on Monday and have a dialogue with Chinese youth, during which he is supposed to answer questions from netizens via Xinhuanet, a news website of the Xinhua News Agency on Monday.     He will leave Shanghai Monday afternoon for Beijing, where he will hold talks with Chinese President Hu Jintao and meet with other Chinese leaders.     Leaders of the two countries are expected to discuss bilateral ties and major international and regional issues of common concern, according to diplomatic sources. A girl presents a bouquet to U.S. President Barack Obama after he arrives at Shanghai Pudong International Airport on Nov. 15, 2009Presidents of the two countries have met several times since Obama took office.     They agreed to forge positive, cooperative and comprehensive ties in the 21st century during their first meeting on the sidelines of the Group of 20 financial summit in London in April and pledged to further such relations in another meeting five months later in New York.     Obama's visit to China will be of great significance for the development of Sino-U.S. ties in the new era, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said Saturday.

BEIJING, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- Jia Qinglin, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), on Tuesday urged political advisors to contribute their wisdom to China's social and economic development.     Political advisors should watch closely the domestic and international economic situations and problems that China had in the process of development and put forward wise and pragmatic solutions, Jia said.     He urged political advisors at all levels to carry out in-depth study on the key issues including macro-economic policy, environmental protection, public resource distribution and reform of the income system.     Jia made the remarks at a chairman's meeting of the CPPCC National Committee.

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URUMQI, Dec. 6 (Xinhua) -- A railway became operational Sunday in west China's Xinjiang Autonomous Region, which is expected to boost the transportation from China to central Asia and Europe, said local railway authorities.     The railway, called Second Urumqi-Jinghe Line, runs 381.5 km and links the region's capital Urumqi and Jinghe county. It has a designed transportation capacity of 67.1 million tonnes, which is expected to grow up to 91.7 million tonnes in the future. With a designed speed of 120 km per hour, the railway cost 2.77 billion yuan, according to a statement from Xinjiang Railway Bureau.     Jinghe is linked to Horgos and Alataw Pass, ports on the China-Kazakhstan border, by two other railways. One starts from Jinghe and ends at Horgos. The other runs from Urumqi through Jinghe to Alataw Pass.     The launch of the new railway would greatly enhance China's transportation capacity to Kazakhstan and further into other countries in central Asia and Europe, the statement said.

YANGON, Dec. 19 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping arrived here on Saturday to start a visit to Myanmar, the third leg of his four-nation Asian tour.     In a written statement, Xi said China and Myanmar were good neighbors, and the long-term friendship, fostered by the leaders of the two countries, had been upgraded since the two countries forged diplomatic ties. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (L, front) is greeted upon his arrival in Yangon, Myanmar, Dec. 19, 2009. Xi Jinping arrived in Yangon Saturday to start a visit to Myanmar, the third leg of his four-nation Asian tour    He said the two countries had conducted fruitful cooperation in various fields and maintained coordination in the international and regional affairs.     China-Myanmar relations were in conformity with the interests of the two peoples, and conducive to the peace, stability and development of the region, he said. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping is greeted upon his arrival in Yangon, Myanmar, Dec. 19, 2009. Xi Jinping arrived in Yangon Saturday to start a visit to Myanmar, the third leg of his four-nation Asian tour."I will take the purpose of cementing traditional friendship, reciprocal cooperation, and common prosperity to exchange views with the leaders of Myanmar," Xi said.     During his stay in Myanmar, Xi will meet Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council, and held talks with Maung Aye, vice-chairman of the council.     Prior to Myanmar, Xi visited Japan and South Korea. He will visit Cambodia after Myanmar.Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (L) is greeted by Myanmar Foreign Minister U Nyan Win upon his arrival at the airport of Yangon, Myanmar, Dec. 19, 2009. Xi Jinping arrived in Yangon Saturday to start a visit to Myanmar, the third leg of his four-nation Asian tour.

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BEIJING, Nov. 4 (Xinhua) -- China's top legislator Wu Bangguo has stressed the importance of independent innovation amid the global financial crisis and called on engineering workers to boost research to serve the country's economic development.     Wu, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, made the remark during his visit to the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) on Wednesday.     Every major achievement that China has made could not be realized without technological breakthroughs and innovations contributed by the engineering academicians and experts, Wu said. Wu Bangguo (R, front), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC), inspects the Chinese Academy of Engineering and meets with some academicians in Beijing, capital of China, Nov. 4, 2009China's overall economic development so far this year is better than expectations, thanks to the government stimulus package, which proved to be correct, effective and timely, he said.     To enhance independent innovations is an urgent need for keeping the economy to develop fastly and steadily as the foundation of economic recovery is not solid yet, said Wu.     Wu encouraged CAE's academicians and experts to focus their researches on cutting-edge fields such as low-carbon technology, new energy, bio-medicine, IT, intelligent electricity grid and neo-energy vehicles, to provide technological support to the country's industrial upgrading and cultivation of new economic growth area.     Wu said CAE's more than 700 academicians are "valuable treasure" of the country, urging greater efforts to be made to provide better environment and conditions for their researches.

NAIROBI, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- The UN environmental agency UNEP Saturday hailed China's commitment to the fight against climate change and the recently-announced measure to render assistance to African countries in clean energy development.     China's State Council announced on Nov. 26 that China is going to reduce the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP in 2020 by 40 to 45 percent compared with the level of 2005.     "China's announcement has assisted in triggering fresh momentumin the days running up to the crucial UN climate convention meeting in Copenhagen. It underscores China's determination to continue and accelerate the decoupling of CO2 emissions from economic growth," said Nick Nuttall, spokesman for the office of UN Environment Programme (UNEP) executive director.     He noted that China's announcement, alongside commitments and pledges by other countries or blocs like the European Union, Brazil, Mexico and the Republic of Korea, is bringing the opportunity of a decisive agreement in the Danish capital this month far closer than perhaps was the case only a few months ago.     "China is one among several nations that has increasingly recognized that development in the 21st century and environmental considerations are not a contradiction, but can be mutually supportive in terms of generating growth and jobs for a healthy, prosperous and stable society," said Nuttall in an exclusive written interview with Xinhua.     With regards to the new measures announced by China last month to assist Africa with clean energy projects, the spokesman termed it as "timely".     "Africa is the continent that is the least one responsible for climate change, yet it remains the most vulnerable and also has an especially important need for energy with many of the two billion people without access to electricity living in Africa," Nuttall stressed.     "The decision (of China) to support 100 projects can assist Africa in economic development and diversification in terms of sectors and wider-employment prospects while assisting towards a more sustainable path," said he, "So in terms of fighting poverty, accelerating development and combating climate change, China's announcement to assist Africa is welcome news."     At the fourth ministerial conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh earlier last month, the Chinese government proposed to establish a China-Africa partnership in addressing climate change, as one of the eight new measures to strengthen the cooperation between the two sides in the next three years.     Senior officials' consultations with African countries will be held from time to time in this field, while cooperation will be enhanced on satellite weather monitoring. Development and utilization of new energy sources, prevention and control of desertification and urban environmental protection will also be boosted.     China has also decided to build 100 clean energy projects for Africa covering solar power, bio-gas and small hydro-power.     The spokesman also expressed optimistic about the upcoming Copenhagen conference, "While there is a great deal to be done in Copenhagen to realize a decisive and equitable agreement, there is now a real chance that the UN climate convention meeting can be a success."     He also listed several tests which will be faced with by the participates of the crucial meeting, like whether it can agree on a deal that reflects the science of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or in other words, whether it can set the stage for a 25 percent to 40 percent emission reduction by 2020 and deeper cuts beyond.     The funding was also a bottleneck in the bid to strike a pivotal deal in the meeting. Nuttall elaborated by identifying as a test whether "Copenhagen can develop a global financial partnership in which developing economies are given sufficient resource to adapt to the climate change already underway while being assisted towards a low carbon path".     According to UNEP estimates, sums of perhaps 100 billion U.S. dollars a year by 2020 may be needed and there needs to be a quick start fund of several billion dollars almost immediately.     Meanwhile, other elements need to be put in place including action that recognizes the mitigation and adaptation role of ecosystems like forests which will be increasingly important in terms of their role in delivering water supplies and stabilizing economically-important soils against extreme weather events, Nuttall told Xinhua.     UNEP's recent Blue Carbon report estimated that around half of all the world's transport emissions are being captured and locked away by sea grasses, mangroves and salt marshes.     "Copenhagen could and must be the start of a really new and more creative development path for six billion people, rising to nine billion by 2050," Nuttall said determinedly.     The Copenhagen climate summit is scheduled for Dec. 7-18, where representatives of about 190 countries are expected to renew greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets set by the Kyoto Protocol, the first commitment period of which is to expire in 2012. It is also expected to outline the post-2012 negotiation path.