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物理学宗师周培源

BEIJING, Oct. 19 (Xinhua) -- China will adopt a flexible and prudent macro-control policy to keep a stable and rapid economic development in the current fourth quarter, according to the State Council here on Sunday.     Related financial, credit and foreign trade measures will be carried out in the near future in response to the slowing trend of the country's economic growth and the continuous fluctuation in the domestic capital market amid the ongoing global financial crisis, according to a State Council meeting presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao on Sunday.     Agriculture continued to be a priority, with multiple support policies to come following the Communist Party of China Central Committee's decision to strengthen rural development this week.     To boost development of small- and medium-sized enterprises, the government planned to widen their investment channels by further encouraging financial institutions to give out more loans. Companies would also get more fiscal support for technology innovation.     In addition, the country would reinforce national investment in areas such as the southwest quake-zone reconstruction, infrastructure development and social welfare system, among others.     With regard to the foreign trade sector, the State Council, China's Cabinet, decided to increase imports of goods of domestic need and support the country's exports so as to realize the balance of international payments.     "We will further raise the export rebate of labour-intensive products such as garments and textiles, as well as mechanical and electrical products with high-added value," the council said.     In addition, the country's top administrative body would still keep a cautious eye on price increases with a focus on agricultural and energy related goods.     The advent of September's tainted milk scandal had also prompted the central government to pay closer attention to food safety in the fourth quarter. Regulations on dairy product quality and safety, which took effect earlier this month, would be further reinforced, according to the council decision.     While acknowledging the affect of the worldwide economic slowdown on the domestic economy, the Cabinet still expressed confidence for the nation to continue a healthy development.     "Our economy remains vigorous and has the capability to defend itself against international risks," Premier Wen Jiabao said at a State Council meeting on Friday.

ATHENS, Nov. 2 (Xinhua) -- China attaches great attention to the cross-border cooperation and is willing to work together with the international communities to strengthen its effort in the fight against corruption, Teng Jiuming, head of the Chinese delegation, said at the 13th International Anti-Corruption Conference here on Sunday.     Teng, senior ombudsman from the Ministry of Supervision of China, said that corruption is a common challenge faced by all countries around the world.     "For years we have been carrying out international exchange and cooperation in the anti-corruption field based on the principles of equality, mutual benefit, of respect for differences, and of emphasis on effectiveness."     Teng pointed out that the Chinese government is ready to enhance its anti-corruption efforts together with other countries, regions and international organizations, so as to create a just and harmonious world.     The Chinese delegation also introduced China's anti-corruption strategies and practices in recent years at the conference.     According to the requirement of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), the National Bureau of Corruption Prevention was established under the Central Chinese Government, which is the first corruption prevention organ at the national level since the founding of the People's Republic of China.     Teng said on 13th, May 2008, the Chinese government published the Five-year Work Plan (2008-2012 ) on building and Completing the System for Punishing and Preventing Corruption.     China has also tabled the Anti-Money Laundering Law and the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information in recent years.     Business bribery is a common challenge faced by the international community. The Chinese government has initiated the anti-business bribery battle and notable progresses have been achieved, said Teng.     The 13th International Anti-corruption Conference, which attracted some 1,200 officials, scholars from all over the world to share their views in the fight against corruption, was held in Athens from October 30 to November 2, 2008.

BEIJING, Dec. 8 (Xinhua) -- China's annual Central Economic Work Conference opened here Monday to set tone for the economic development next year.     Observers believed the three-day event would give priority to efforts to maintain stable economic growth.     They reckoned in 2009, China would see more risks for worse economic slowdown, more struggling smaller businesses, grim export situation and arduous task of transformation of economic growth pattern.     "It is imperative for China to maintain an economic growth of at least 8 percent," said Zhuang Jian, senior economist with Asian Development Bank's China Resident Mission.     It was hard for China to bear the consequences of a too slow GDP growth, Zhuang added, citing bankruptcy of numerous enterprises, more migrant workers being laid off and difficulties for college graduates to find jobs.     China's macro-economic policies experienced a dramatic adjustment-- from "preventing economic overheating and curbing inflation" at the beginning of this year to "maintaining growth through expanding domestic demand" at present. In the first three quarters, the nation saw its GDP growth slowed to a single-digit rate for the first time over the past five years, thanks partly to macro-economic control efforts and the ongoing financial woes worldwide.     "The Chinese economy has suspended continuous heating and proceeded into a period of slow down," Zhang Liqun, a researcher with the macro economy department under the Development Research Center of the State Council, commented.     "The slowdown was worse than expected," said Ma Jiantang, head of the National Bureau of Statistics.     Data from the bureau showed that the country's GDP growth was 10.6 percent in the first quarter, 10.1 percent in the second, and9 percent in the third.     President Hu Jintao said at the end of November that the Chinese economy was pressurized by global economic downturn, obvious ebbing of demand from abroad and weakening of the country's traditional competitive edge.     "Impact from the international financial tsunami on the Chinese economy has begun to show up, and to deepen into various sectors of the real economy," said Wang Yiming, deputy head of the macro economic research institute of the National Development and Reform Commission.     Since mid October, the Central Government has promulgated a string of policies and measures to prevent the national economy from sliding drastically. They included end of a tight monetary policy and commencement of a moderately easy one, shifting the fiscal policy from "prudent" to "active", starting projects to improve infrastructure and promote people's livelihood, and, expanding domestic demand.     The People's Bank of China announced tax exemptions and downpayment cuts as of Oct. 27 to boost the falling real estate sector. The minimum downpayment for a first-time buyer of a residence smaller than 90 square meters was reduced to 20 percent from 30 percent.     Interest rates on mortgages for first-time buyers were cut 0.27percentage point. The floor for interest rates was lowered to 70 percent of the central bank's benchmark rate.     The central bank cut benchmark interest rates by 0.27 percentage point as of Oct. 30, the third such move in six weeks.     The benchmark one-year deposit rate dropped to 3.60 percent from 3.87 percent, while the benchmark one-year lending rate fell from 6.93 percent to 6.66 percent.     Tax rebates were raised for 3,486 export items as of Nov. 1. The adjustment covered such labor-intensive industries as textiles, toys, garments, and high-tech products, accounting for 25.8 percent of products covered by customs tariffs. Rebate rates run roughly from 9 percent to 14 percent.     On Nov. 9, state councilors announced a four-trillion-yuan (583.9 billion U.S. dollars) economic-stimulus package, which was seen as the most exciting stimuli in 10 years.     To boost consumption, particularly in the rural areas where 900 million people inhabited, was important part of efforts to expand domestic demand, observers believed.     China has launched a scheme to subsidize rural residents for buying home appliances since the end of 2007. It is estimated that in a period of four years, nearly 480 million units of refrigerators, washing machines, color TV sets and cell phones, which were in huge demand among farmers, will be sold in rural areas nationwide. That means 920 billion yuan to be spent by rural consumers.     "There is still a large room for the government to mull more policies to boost consumption, such as raising the threshold for taxable income and increasing income for lower-income earners," said Cai Zhizhou, an economist with the prestigious Peking University.     Export has since long been a major driving force for the Chinese economy. Economists believed the stable development of smaller enterprises, particularly the exporters, which provided jobs for 75 percent of urban employees and rural migrant workers, was related to the stability of the enormous Chinese labor market.     How to prevent export from sliding down too fast is one of the top concerns of the Chinese government.     "It is no doubt that China's export situation will become more grim next year. However, if the country manages to maintain a moderately fast growth in foreign sales of machines and electronics, it will likely achieve a growth of more than 15 percent in export at large," said Mei Xinyu, a trade expert with the Ministry of Commerce.     China has taken a string of measures to boost development of smaller enterprises.     "It is necessary for the government to work out more detailed, effective methods to mitigate tax burdens and enhance credit support for smaller businesses, and to help them with their efforts to promote technical upgrading and explore more markets," said Zhao Yumin, another economist with the Ministry of Commerce.     The service sector, which was able to provide numerous jobs, was yet to be expanded substantially, Zhao added.     Zhang Xiaojing, a senior economist with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that it was definitely wrong for China to waive long-term goals for short-term interests. He believed that to promote the shift of economic growth pattern and maintain the sustainable economic growth would be one of the important topics for the ongoing Central Economic Work Conference.

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UNITED NATIONS, Dec. 9 (Xinhua) -- China on Tuesday called on the international community to continue to strengthen multilateral counter-terrorism cooperation within the UN framework.     China's UN Ambassador Zhang Yesui made the appeal at the thematic debate of the UN Security Council on threats to international peace and security caused by terrorists.     "Recently, a series of alarming acts of terror occurred in such places as Mumbai, resulting in heavy casualties of innocent people. The Chinese delegation expresses its deep condolences to the victims," Zhang told the council.     "These cruel realities remind us once again that terrorism still remains a potent threat to peace and security of international community," he said.     The Security Council, as the core of the international collective security machinery, should play an important role in international fight against terrorism, he said.     "Terrorism is the common threat facing the international community and it is imperative to continue to step up the multilateral counter terrorism cooperation within the UN framework," he said.     China believes that all UN bodies should pay attention to both stepping up counter-terrorism measures and removing the root causes that give rise to terrorism, he said.     "The member states are the real owners in the implementation of all UN counter-terrorism resolutions," the Chinese envoy said. "Their will and capacity in counter-terrorism determines the implementation of those resolutions."     "However, limited resources and inadequate counter-terrorism capacities have led to the inability of many countries, especially the developing countries to honor fully their counter-terrorism obligations, and thus limited seriously the international community's achievements in the struggle against terrorism," he stressed.     China hopes that the international community will pay greater attention to the capacity-building in counter-terrorism and invest more resources to help the developing countries with counter-terrorism assistance that meets their actual needs and help them improve expeditiously capabilities so that the effective implementation of all UN counter-terrorism resolutions will have a firm basis, he added.

BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN, Brunei, Nov. 9 (Xinhua) -- Senior leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Zhou Yongkang met with Brunei Foreign and Trade Minister Prince Mohamed Bolkiah on Sunday evening.     The meeting came as Zhou made a transit stop in Brunei on his way back to China.     Zhou, one of the nine-member Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, hailed the sound and smooth growth of China-Brunei ties since the two forged diplomatic ties in 1991.     Zhou said that particularly in recent years, the all-round friendly cooperation between the two countries has been strengthened, thanks to the joint efforts of leaderships, governments and peoples of the two countries.     China and Brunei have been understanding, supporting and closely cooperating with each other on regional and international issues, he said.     Zhou also lauded Brunei's role as a coordinator in deepening the strategic partnership between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).     Zhou said China would continue to pursue its long-term neighbor friendship with Brunei and would like to work with Brunei to take the relations to a new high.     Mohamed congratulated China on successfully hosting the Beijing Olympics and the summit of Asia-Europe Meeting(ASEM).     The friendship between the peoples of China and Brunei can be traced back to the time earlier than the establishment of diplomatic ties, he said.     He pledged Brunei would support China's increasingly important role in regional and international affairs.     He said Brunei would like to work with China to seek common development.     Before his transit in Brunei on Sunday, Zhou concluded his fortnight trip to the three Asia-Pacific nations, namely Vietnam, Indonesia and Australia.

WUHAN, Jan. 14 (Xinhua) -- Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter said Wednesday he believes the incoming administration of President-elect Barack Obama will expand common interests of the United States and China.     Carter, 84, flew to central China's Hubei Province after attending a series of events in Beijing to mark the 30th anniversary of China-U.S. diplomatic ties. Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter (2nd L, front) and his wife (3rd L, front) pose in front of a local medical center at a village in Hong'an County, central China's Hubei Province, on Jan. 14, 2009.     He visited a memorial hall for Li Xiannian, who was Chinese president from June 1983 to April 1988. The memorial hall is located in Hong'an County, the hometown of Li.     Carter said the two countries had witnessed rapid growth in cooperation, and U.S.-China ties had become the most important bilateral link in the world.     Meeting with Hubei Governor Li Hongzhong, Carter said he felt very proud of the decision with former Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping to resume ties. Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter (L) receives a souvenir from Li Hongzhong, governor of Hubei Province, in Wuhan, capital of central China's Hubei Province, on Jan. 14, 2009.     Carter said a deeper U.S.-China friendship helped to maintain peace and stability in the whole world.     He said China's reform and opening-up policy brought about dramatic changes, creating an economic miracle. Deng Xiaoping and other Chinese leaders had indeed changed China with their wisdom.     Calling Carter an old friend of the Chinese people, the governor appreciated the former U.S. president's important role in forging bilateral ties. He called for closer economic and cultural cooperation between both countries.     Carter is scheduled to fly to Shanghai on Thursday.

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BERLIN, Jan. 29 (Xinhua) -- China and Germany have vowed to make joint efforts to stabilize the global economy amid the ongoing financial and economic crisis, said a joint statement issued Thursday.     The cooperation between China and Germany, the world's two major export-driven economies, is of special significance for the world's efforts to tackle the financial downturn, said the statement released after visiting Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's meeting with German Chancellor Angela Merkel.     The two sides agreed to strengthen dialogue on economic and trade, currency and fiscal policies and pledged to support each other on their economic stimulus plans based on their own situations, it said.     China and Germany have agreed to enhance their comprehensive strategic partnership and cooperation in jointly dealing with the global economic crisis, Wen told a press conference following his meeting with Merkel.     The strengthened Sino-German cooperation is of special significance in the context of the current world economic downturn, said Wen. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao addresses the Fifth Chinese-German Forum for Economic and Technological Cooperation in Berlin, Jan. 29, 2009The two nations should strengthen cooperation in various fields and press ahead with their comprehensive strategic partnership, which bears global responsibility amid an ailing global economy, the Chinese premier added.     Echoing Wen's remarks on bilateral cooperation, Merkel said his visit has further promoted German-Chinese cooperation in such fields as politics, economy and culture.     Germany is ready to promote bilateral cooperation in improving energy efficiency, environmental protection and intellectual property protection, she said.     Merkel also called on the two nations to further enhance bilateral trade and economic relations despite the harsh economic environment.     According to the joint statement, both nations will also seek to broaden their cooperation and inject new impulse into the economic growth, especially on such fields as climate change, infrastructure construction, transportation and logistics, financial services, and information technology, it noted.     The two nations will continue to strengthen cooperation, especially in the sector of the innovative technology through such mechanism as the China-Germany joint commission for economic cooperation and the Sino-German economic and technical cooperation forum, it said.     Meanwhile, the two nations also agreed to encourage bilateral cooperation between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) pledging to introduce supportive measures for SMEs activities in investment, financing, taxing and trade, it added.     The two sides also stressed the importance of curbing trade protectionism, saying they will oppose trade and investment protectionism in whatever forms.     They also pledged to implement the consensus reached in the G20 Washington Summit in efforts to push forward the reform of global financial system.     At a forum on Sino-German economic and technical cooperation on Thursday, Wen proposed that in addition to trade in goods, the two sides should expand cooperation in such service sectors as banking, insurance, telecommunications, logistics.     European enterprises can absolutely increase their exports of advanced technical equipment, which would overcome the difficulties they are facing currently, but also meet the demand from the Chinese market, said Wen.     The Chinese government welcomes German enterprises to play a more active role in promoting technical innovation, upgrading industrial structure, and fostering development coordination in various regions in China.     Chinese companies are also encouraged to build manufacturing bases, marketing network, and research institutions, said the premier.     Also on Thursday, China and Germany signed six deals, including a memorandum of understanding on the transfer from Germany of parts of the core technologies for the maglev railway projects in China.     Other agreements cover cooperation in climate protection, the car industry, construction of Chinese ecological city Xuzhou, and exchanges between the museums of the two countries.     Germany is the second leg of Wen's European tour after Switzerland, where he attended the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF). The week-long trip will also take him to the European Union headquarters in Brussels, Spain and Britain.

BEIJING, Jan. 2 (Xinhua) -- Chinese netizens have made their voices heard more loudly and their presence better recognized in headline news events over the past year.     When the Beijing Olympic torch relay overseas was disrupted in April, almost all the Chinese msn messenger users posted "I love China" beside their names, a move that looked "overwhelming" to Kevin, a French man who was living in Shanghai at the time.     As to domestic affairs, netizens did not sit aloof. After the dairy scandal emerged in September, netizens' strong criticisms finally led to the resignation of Li Changjiang, then director of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.     Yan Jirong, professor at Peking University's School of Government, said this incident showed the government was paying attention to public voices on the Internet.     A report released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences on Dec. 2 showed about 206 million Chinese use the Internet as their main source of news.     According to the China Internet Network Information Center, under-30s are the majority of online news readers, accounting for about 69 percent of total Internet users.     On June 20, Hu visited the Qiangguo Forum, which is affiliated to people.com.cn, and chatted with netizens. Hu's visit drew so many clicks that it almost crashed the site.     Premier Wen said frankly at a press conference on March 18 that he had been using the Internet to listen to netizens' opinions and suggestions during the annual sessions of the National People's Congress, the top legislature, and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the top advisory body.     Fans of the two leaders started to post suggestions and support to the two leaders at beginning of July on a bulletin board of the people.com.cn, a website of the People's Daily.     It was prompted by affection for Hu and Wen after seeing how they dealt with the May 12 earthquake, the fans said in their postings.     After the magnitude-8.0 earthquake struck the southwestern Sichuan Province and the neighboring provinces on May 12, the two officials paid repeated visits to the devastated areas and impressed netizens with moving behavior and words.     Some scholars said bluntly that the Internet had indeed built a direct link between the grassroots and the central power.     Local officials, on the other hand, are going a step further to write blogs and hold debates with netizens on hot issues.     Li Ou, vice mayor of Siping in the northeastern Jilin Province, has been hailed by netizens as being the most active mayor who uses his real name to debate with netizens on social affairs.     Li's blog was selected as one of the "top 10 blogs of 2008" in a poll by the People's Daily based on the votes from millions of netizens.     Another local official, Liao Xinbo, deputy director of the Department of Public Health of the southern Guangdong Province, was also on the list. His blog was picked for pointing out the keyto China's new medical reform plan which is likely to be issued in January, reported the People's Daily.     Liao wrote on Dec. 25 that China should learn from other countries, such as Cuba, in drafting the long-delayed medical reform plan.     "The government is seeking new ways for the public to voice opinions," said Yan.     A survey taken by the China Youth Daily's poll center showed about 72 percent of those responding hoped the Internet would be anew path to democracy. More than half of those surveyed said the exchanges on the Internet helped to bring the government closer to the public.

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TIANJIN, Jan. 20 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping has called for government and party officials to maintain their political integrity and lead the people to overcome difficulties amid hardships.     Xi, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, made the remarks during an inspection tour to the northern coastal city of Tianjin from Sunday to Monday. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (1st R, front), also member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, talks to teachers and students on campus of Tianjin University during his visit to Tianjin Municipality Jan. 18, 2009. Party committees at all levels must make efforts to improve the awareness of political responsibility of officials, and make sure the officials would abide by party disciplines and political ethics, and preserve integrity in their work, Xi said.     He urged officials at all levels to study President Hu Jintao's speech at last Tuesday's plenary session of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI).     Officials must keep in close contact with the public, prioritize people's interests during their work, and address their needs, he said.     Xi called for officials to ask the people for advice and suggestions, and try harder to take practical measures to tackle public difficulties.     He said officials should be the first to bear hardships, but the last to enjoy comforts.     Extravagance and waste during work must be opposed to enhance official's capability in fighting corruption, he said.

BEIJING, Dec. 17 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Wednesday called for a healthy development of the country's real estate market at an executive meeting of the State Council, or the Cabinet.     A document released after the meeting said the recently-adopted domestic demand expansion and economic stimulus policies had positive impact on the property market. Trading volumes in some cities were picking up.     At present, efforts should be made to keep market-oriented in developing real estate, step up building of houses for low-income families, encourage housing transactions and maintain a reasonable scale of real estate development.     The document said governments would spend three years to build houses for 7.5 million low-income families in urban areas and 2.4 million households in shanty towns in forests, reclamation areas and coal mines. They would also continue renovating aged buildings in rural areas.     The central government would keep financing these building and renovating projects, offer higher subsidies for the less developed central and western regions and carry out pilot projects in some area to test the feasibility of supporting construction with idle funds in local housing provident fund accounts.     In a bid to encourage transaction, second-home buyers, with per-capita room-at-home lower than the local average, would be allowed to enjoy favorable policies for first-time house buyers.     Tax on house transactions would also be reduced next year. Homeowners who had lived-in for more than two years would be exempted from a transaction tax, which had been levied on houses lived in for less than five years. For those who had lived-in for less than two years, the base of tax would be transaction price minus the original price.     Banks should lend to developers of low-price apartments, especially those under construction, and offer services for mergers by credible developers.     The central government demanded local authorities keep a close eye on the real estate market, find new problems in time and step up supervision on use of subsidies and quality of construction projects.