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BEIJING, March 11 (Xinhua) -- China has published a draft management regulation on lotteries and is asking for the public's opinions.     If officially issued, it would be the country's first national management regulation on lotteries since the country gave the green light to its lottery industry in 1987.     The solicitation of public opinion will last through March 28, and the regulation will be issued later this year. There is no fixed date so far.     "The regulation will enhance supervision of the fast-growing lottery industry and stamp out fraud, which has been on the rise since the country launched its first lottery two decades ago," said a report on the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council website.     Currently, China has a provisional regulation on the management of lottery distribution and sales. It was issued by the Ministry of Finance in 2002.     According to the proposed draft, carried by the website, no individual, organization or government department could sell lotteries without permission from the State Council. The China Welfare Lottery Administrative Center and the sports lottery administrative center of the China General Administration of Sport, both state-run, are the only two legitimate lottery outlets.     Public hearings will be held along with expert consultation before new lotteries are set up.     The draft requires lottery vendors to keep the identity of lottery winners confidential. It also demands transparency of money taken in and how it is spent on a regular basis.     Lottery funds should cover lottery prizes and management funding for lottery sellers. The rest, should be spent on the improvement of public welfare, according to the draft, quoting that a percentage of the revenue would be decided by State Council financial departments.     Individuals or government departments violating the regulation by selling lotteries unauthorized by the State Council would be fined and face criminal charges. Their illegal gains would be confiscated, it said.     Lotteries have generated huge economic and social returns in China over the past two decades. The country had issued 363 billion yuan (49 billion U.S. dollars) of lottery tickets through 2006. More than a third of the proceeds were spent on public welfare, such as the development of public sports facilities, education and health care for the handicapped.

BEIJING - Zhang Bing grew up in remote Inner Mongolia, where his family herded sheep and raised chickens. Today he's a manager in a glittering karaoke club 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) away in a booming eastern Chinese city. Zhang, 26, is part of a huge wave of rural workers streaming into China's cities in search of work and opportunity. A UN report released Wednesday said more than half of China's population - now 1.3 billion people - will be living in urban areas within 10 years. Government officials say an estimated 150 million people moved to China's cities between 1999 and 2005, providing labor to fuel the country's breakneck economic growth. "From 1980 to 2030, the population of China will go from being 20 percent urban to almost two-thirds urban. We're in the middle of that transformation. Within the next 10 years we'll cross that halfway mark," said William Ryan, the United Nations Population Fund's information adviser for Asia and the Pacific region. The agency's State of World Population 2007 report says more than half the world's population will live in cities and towns in 2008, with the number expected to grow to 60 percent, or 5 billion people, by 2030. Asia is at the forefront of this demographic shift, expected to nearly double its urban population between 2000 and 2030, from 1.4 billion to 2.6 billion. Zhang moved to Tianjin after high school and earns about US0 (euro370) a month at the Oriental Pearl karaoke club. He saves two-thirds, and is thinking of opening a store to sell knockoff purses. He said he expects to have a wife, house and car - "an Audi, definitely" - within 10 years. Like 80 percent of migrant workers in China, Zhang is under 35 and works in the service industry, which along with construction and manufacturing employs most migrant workers. But his story, told in the UNFPA's youth supplement, is atypical. Although most workers have only a middle school education, Zhang finished high school and attended business school in Tianjin. His salary is much higher than the average worker's 500 to 800 yuan (US to 5; euro48 to euro78) a month, according to Duan Chengrong, a demographics professor at Renmin University. In comparison, a typical Beijing urbanite makes about 2,000 yuan (US0; euro193) a month. Migrant workers generally cram themselves into rented housing on the outskirts of town, with an average of five square meters (50 square feet) of living space per person and no heat, running water or sanitation facilities, Duan said. At many construction sites, the workers lodge in ramshackle dormitories, or even in tents pitched on a nearby sidewalk. China's government has taken measures to "avoid the emergence of urban slums and the transformation of rural poor to urban poor," said Hou Yan, deputy director of the social development department in China's Development and Reform Commission. She mentioned programs such as establishing a minimum living standard, providing medical and educational assistance, and supplying affordable housing and basic public services. Hou did not give details of the programs. China's urbanization is unique in that it stems largely from migration instead of natural population growth. The Communist government that took control in 1949 imposed residency rules as part of strict controls on where people could live, work or even whom they could marry. It was not until recent years that rising wealth and greater personal freedoms eroded the system, allowing farmers to move to cities. The UNFPA estimates that, in less than a decade, China will have 83 cities of more than 750,000 people. Zhang, who spoke at the news conference where the UNFPA report was released, believes cities are the future of China. Before taking the job at the karaoke club, he made money teaching Chinese to foreign students, selling phone cards and running a copy shop. "In order to get employed, what is most important is to be diligent," he said. "Only when you work hard can you get good results."

At least two Chinese universities could achieve "world-class" status within the next 20 years, the president of one of the United States' oldest higher education institutions said yesterday in Beijing. Yale University's Richard Levin made the comment at the start of a 10-day visit by about 100 Yale faculty, students and administrators, the biggest delegation from the university ever to visit China. President Hu Jintao, who extended the invitation to the Ivy League university during his 2006 visit to the US, met the delegation last night at the Great Hall of the People. Hu said the visit of Levin's delegation will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the two peoples, as well as the stable and healthy development of Sino-US relations. The president expressed his hope that Yale University students build strong relationships with the young people of China. In an interview with Chinese media, Levin said the country had made great progress in strengthening its top universities, by investing more in first-class facilities including research labs. "The key ingredients to being a world-class university are top students and top faculties," Levin said. "I don't think there is any doubt that China's top universities today have students that are as good as any in the world. "What remains to be built are faculties that are at the very frontier of research in their fields and worldwide leaders in their research endeavors." The delegation will spend its days meeting government leaders and visiting universities and other historical and cultural sites in Beijing, Shanghai and Xi'an. The Chinese government and Yale are sharing the cost of the trip. Participating students and faculty, the majority of whom had never before been to China, were handpicked to represent the university's different schools. Delegation groups will today meet with government leaders, including Yang Jiechi, the minister of foreign affairs and Jiang Zhenghua, chairman of the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party. The visiting students may even bridge some cultural divides. "I think that young people can play a very important role in securing a peaceful future for the US and China," Levin said. "Today, especially among the older generation, there is a great deal of ignorance about China in the United States, and some ignorance about the United States in China as well." Before leaving for China, some of the delegation met with US President George W. Bush, who spoke about the importance of "people-to-people diplomacy". "I think the trip will serve a cultural purpose in that our students will get a deeper understanding of Chinese culture to the extent that this throws into public view the importance of student-to-student exchanges," Levin said. "And that certainly serves a political purpose."

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China will undertake nearly 10 percent of an international fusion-research project to be implemented this year.The project is called ITER and wants to demonstrate the scientific and technical feasibility of fusion power - the energy of the sun or hydrogen bomb - for peaceful use."The project aims to find a shortcut to solve our energy shortage," Luo Delong, deputy director of the ITER China Office, said at the Oriental Science and Technology Forum held in Shanghai over the weekend.He said Chinese researchers will be in charge of producing various components of the project and escorting them into Cadarache in the south of France where the ITER's key equipment will be constructed.China will inject about one billion yuan (US7.5 million) into the project, accounting for nearly 10 percent of the overall ITER investment, officials said.Other partners in the project include the European Union, the United States, Japan, India and Russia.According to Zhang Jie, a fusion-power scientist of Jiao Tong University, researchers of universities in Shanghai, including Fudan and Donghua, are conducting fusion-related studies.China will further enhance its education in the area to lift the country's overall research power.The long-term objective of the research is to harness fusion nuclear energy to help meet the future energy needs of mankind, project officials said.The aim of ITER is to show fusion can be used to generate electrical power and do the preparation work to build and operate an electricity-producing plant.The key part of the project is to develop a viable fusion-power reactor.Scientists of ITER will test a number of key technologies, including the heating, control, diagnostic and remote maintenance that will be needed for a real fusion-power station, officials said.Local experts said fusion may produce dozens of times more energy than fission, which now directs most of the world's nuclear-power plants.Fission can only be caused by uranium. However, the resource to trigger fusion can be found in ordinary substances from the sea, they said.According to the Website of ITER, the overall construction cost of ITER is estimated at five billion euros (US.37 billion) over 10 years and another five billion euros are earmarked for the 20-year operation period.The ITER organization owns the ITER device and is responsible for all aspects of the project, such as licensing procedures, hardware procurements and operation.

KHARTOUM: Chinese peacekeepers were on Wednesday awarded certificates of merit for their excellent performance during their eight-month term in Sudan, a Chinese officer said Thursday.Lieutenant General Jasbir Singh Lidder, commander of the UN Mission in Sudan (UNMIS), presented Unit Citations to the engineering, transportation and medical contingents of Chinese peacekeeping troops, and Force Commander Commendations to 22 Chinese troops.The two certificates of merit are the highest honor awarded to peacekeepers from various contributing countries in Sudan, said the Chinese officer.The awards ceremony was held at the base of the Chinese peacekeeping troops in Wau, capital of West Bahr al-Ghazal state in southern Sudan, two weeks before their departure from Sudan to rotate with another batch of Chinese peacekeeping troops.Lidder said it was a great honor for him to serve with the Chinese peacekeepers as they were ending "their very successful term" in Sudan."During the past months, the three contingents of the Chinese peacekeeping troops have done a significant job to be a role model for professionalism, commitment and conduct," Lidder said.The Chinese peacekeepers had also maintained excellent relations with the contingents of other countries as well as the local population, the UNMIS commander said.Li Chengwen, the Chinese Ambassador to Sudan, congratulated all the three contingents, the 22 Chinese peacekeepers as well as the other officers and soldiers. He highly praised their performance in Sudan, especially in the extremely difficult and complicated conditions.The 435-strong Chinese peacekeeping troops, the second batch of Chinese peacekeepers deployed in southern Sudan since China started taking part in UN peacekeeping operation there in May last year and arrived in Wau in January this year.

KUNMING - A comprehensive research and preservation facility for the germplasm of rare and endangered plants,wild animal species and microorganisms was completed on Sunday in southwest China's Yunnan Province. With an investment of 148 million yuan (US.5 million) over the past two years, the "Southwest China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species" facility was established by the Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB) with the help of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). "The bank will be a key player in China's biotech industry and a pioneer in the nation's biodiversity conservation and bioresource development strategy," Chen Zhu, vice president of CAS, said at the inauguration ceremony. According to the KIB, the bank sees itself as a leading storage facility of Asian species within 15 years of its foundation, and expects to make significant contributions to the development of the biotech industry and life science research by providing valuable resources, information and expertise. Within the next five years, the bank is expected to collect 6,450 wild species, 4,000 of which will be plant seed species. Within 15 years, its collection will reach 19,000 species. The bank comprises a seed section, an in-vitro micro-propagation unit, a microorganism bank, an animal germplasm bank, a DNA bank, an information center and a garden. Stretching across an undulating landscape and climatic zones ranging from the tropical to the frigid, Yunnan is home to a multitude of plant species linked together by a complex network of phylogenetic relations, and accounts for more than 50 percent of China's plant diversity.

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A shop assistant checks hundred yuan bank notes at a shop in Xiangfan, central China's Hubei province in this file photo. [Reuters]A senior U.S. Treasury official warned Congress on Thursday that a legislative drive to force China into letting its currency rise in value more quickly could backfire and do damage to the U.S. economy. Deputy Assistant Treasury Secretary Mark Sobel warned a House of Representative trade subcommittee that U.S. lawmakers risked creating a perception abroad that the United States is becoming "an isolationist nation" that does deserve foreign investment. "If the United States adopts currency legislation that is perceived abroad as unilateralist, investors' confidence in the openness of our economy could be dampened, diminishing capital inflows into the United States and potentially putting upward pressure on interest rates and prices," Sobel said. However, Ways and Means Trade Subcommittee Chairman Sander Levin, a Michigan Democrat, objected to the administration's description of congressional proposals as protectionist, and other lawmakers testifying on Thursday argued China's "unfair" trade practices required a strong U.S. legislative response. Two Senate committees have already approved legislation that aims to equip Treasury with new tools to pressure China into letting its yuan currency rise faster in value, which U.S. manufacturers say is necessary to eliminate an unfair price advantage for Chinese-made goods. Rep. Tim Ryan, an Ohio Democrat, said Congress should pass an even stronger bill -- such as one he has crafted with Rep. Duncan Hunter, a California Republican -- that would allow U.S. companies to seek countervailing duties against China's undervalued exchange rate. "Passage of a weak bill will only lead to many more years of inaction by the administration, loss of jobs and loss of critical U.S. manufacturing capability. We need legislation that will lead to action," Ryan said. A Republican committee member, Rep. Thomas Reynolds of New York, said there was bipartisan support for taking a tougher line with China than Treasury has followed so far. "Be ready for the fact that there's a boiling point in the Congress coming from the people of America saying we need to do better than what's happened so far," Reynolds said. After the hearing, Levin told reporters that House leaders would decide when Congress returns in September the best way to proceed with China currency and trade legislation. "I think we will look at all options," including the Ryan-Hunter bill, Levin said. He expressed confidence that Congress could craft legislation that presses China on the currency issue without violating World Trade Organization rules. But Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson has made clear that he does not want the additional legislative tools and that he prefers to seek a faster pace of economic reform in China through discussion, especially in a "strategic economic dialogue" that he initiated with Beijing last December. Sobel's appearance before the House subcommittee was a bid by Treasury to wave off more legislation in Congress, where anger at China has been mounting and has helped fuel the bid to force Beijing into faster currency appreciation. "We appreciate the frustrations of Congress with the slow pace of Chinese reform. Indeed, we strongly share those frustrations," Sobel said. "Yet we continue to believe that direct, robust engagement with China is the best means of achieving progress." Paulson has just returned on Wednesday night from his fourth trip to China since taking over Treasury just over a year ago. Again he was unable to persuade Chinese officials to offer any commitment to speed up currency reforms. Paulson told reporters in Beijing that Chinese officials whom he met, including President Hu Jintao, intended to move ahead with economic reforms including on currency but that the country's economic stability was critically important. The failure to get firm Chinese promises on currency has fed into a sense in Congress that China does not play fair on trade rules. Sobel said Paulson had "conveyed a strong message about the need for far more vigorous action by China to correct the undervaluation of renminbi (RMB), take immediate action to lift the RMB's value and achieve far greater currency flexibility." China's yuan is also known as the renminbi. David Spooner, the Commerce Department's assistant secretary for import administration, echoed some of Sobel's worry that Congress's actions could rebound against the United States because they might violate global trade rules. "I must make clear that the Department of Commerce is deeply concerned that the other legislative proposals that have been advanced to date raise serious concerns under international trade rules," Spooner said, adding that could trigger a global cycle of protectionist legislation. Similarly, the U.S. Trade Representative's deputy general counsel, Daniel Brinza, warned that Congress needed to beware approving legislative proposals that did not comply with rules set by the World Trade Organization. Doing so would undermine U.S. credibility when it tries to persuade others to abide by WTO rulings, Brinza said.

China has delivered the first shipment of 50,000 tons of heavy oil aid it had pledged to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the rest is being sourced, said Chinese foreign ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu on Tuesday.The first shipment of heavy fuel oil from China arrived in the Nampo port of DPRK on September 16, said Jiang at a regular press conference.The DPRK, under a joint document issued at the six-party talks on February 13, should declare all nuclear programs and disable all existing nuclear facilities in exchange for a total of 1 million tons of heavy fuel oil or equivalent aid, with the initial shipment of 50,000 tons.The Republic of Korea (ROK) delivered 6,200 tons on July 15, sooner after which the DPRK announced its shutdown of the Yongbyon reactor, a widely regarded substantial step, after a 10-member team of U.N. inspectors arrived in the capital Pyongyang to verify and monitor the reactor sealing.Top negotiators to the six party talks from host China, the DPRK, United States, the ROK, Russia and Japan, agreed in July to provide the DPRK with economic, energy and humanitarian assistance up to the equivalent of 950,000 tons of heavy fuel oil.Envoys also agreed to meet here in early September to compile a road map for implementing the second phase of DPRK's denuclearization process which is to declare all of its nuclear programs and disable all of its existing nuclear facilities."We consider it necessary for the six parties to reconvene at a proper time. Date for next-phase nuclear talks should be decided by all parties concerned," Jiang said."China is consulting with the relevant parties on the dates for the next phase of six party talks," Jiang added.The DPRK Vice Foreign Minister in charge of Chinese and Asian affairs Kim Yong Il reportedly arrived in Beijing on Tuesday morning.In response to a request to confirm the DPRK vice foreign minister's China visit, Jiang said Kim's visit was "according to exchange plans between Chinese and the DPRK foreign ministries".Chinese foreign minister Yang Jiechi and his deputy Wu Dawei will meet him. Beside Beijing Kim will also visit other Chinese cities, Jiang said.

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Chinese once associated tattoos with criminals and misfits; today, they are redrawing the lines around how they think about ink. The growth of China's emerging tattoo culture was evident by the more than 2,000 visitors who attended Saturday's opening of the country's largest tattoo gathering, Tattoo Show Convention 2007, which ends today. Attracting more than 100 artists from all over China and the world, the show at the Sanshang Art Beijing Gallery was intended as a platform for interaction among Chinese from around the country, their international counterparts and the public. "We hope to give them a platform so they can learn from each other," said Xiao Long, who founded the non-profit convention in 2001. Tattooed Chinese photographed each other's ink, while artists displayed their works and even tattooed visitors at their booths. German artist Frank Kassebaum, of Bremen, said he was surprised by what he saw. "Before I came here, I thought that China wasn't so far along in its tattoo culture, but from what I see here, I really think that, in 10 years, they'll be better than the United States, Japan and Europe," he said. "The boom in Japan was 10 years ago; now, the boom is here." Co-organizer Chris Wroblewski, of New York City, said one of the major purposes of the show was to educate Chinese to be prudent about getting tattoos. He said that during China's "Tattoo Renaissance", many shops were opening up, offering "mass production stuff" drawn by "artists who learned in two weeks and are just plowing needles into skin". He explained that as tattooing developed in China, there would be a proliferation of both "high art and low art". YZTattoo parlor model Qi Xuan, 26, said she believes the convention showcases the progress made by China's "high-art" tattoo artists. "In recent years, Chinese tattoo artists have become more skillful in design, technique and use of color," the Beijinger said. "Now, you can see more tattoo artists who can make very international designs. Because artists come to this show from every part of the country, we know what they are doing outside of Beijing." Wroblewski said that because Chinese tattooing was "still in its infancy", it often emulates the West. "But the Chinese are beginning to pick up on their roots and will start demanding more of their own culture." Student Wang Hao, of Beijing, said he came to the show because he was considering getting a tattoo and wanted to learn more about them. "I'd like to get a traditional Chinese tattoo, because I love China," the 22-year-old said.

BEIJING - China expressed grave concern over Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence, said Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jianchao on Monday."Kosovo's unilateral act can produce a series of results that will lead to seriously negative influence on peace and stability in the Balkan region and on the realization of building a multi-ethnic society in Kosovo, which China is deeply concerned about," said Liu.He said the settlement of the Kosovo issue concerns the peace and stability in the Balkan region, the basic norms governing international relations and the authority and role of the United Nations Security Council. He added that China has always held that the best way to resolve the Kosovo issue is that Serbia and Kosovo reach a plan acceptable for both sides through negotiation."China calls on the two sides of Serbia and Kosovo to continue to seek a proper solution through negotiation within the framework of international law, and the international community should create favorable conditions for this," said Liu.Kosovo's parliament voted Sunday to adopt a declaration of independence at an extraordinary session on its independence from Serbia.Kosovo now is "an independent, sovereign and democratic state," Parliament Speaker Jakup Krasniqi announced after lawmakers voted 109-0 through a show of hands to approve the declaration.But Serbian President Boris Tadic said that Serbia will never recognize the independence of Kosovo.He urged international organizations "to immediately annul this act, which violates the basic principles of international law."Kosovo was a southern autonomous province within Serbia before the breakup of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Among its population of 2 million, over 90 percent are ethnic Albanians and Serbs make up about 7 percent.Kosovo has been under UN administration since mid-1999, after NATO air-strikes drove out Serbian forces from the province.