红楼梦中让人难以忘怀的优美段落

税收原则理论的历史演变及评价

TOKYO, June 7 (Xinhua) -- Japan and China vowed to promote cooperation on the topics of environment protection, technology trade and intellectual property rights (IPR) protection during their second high-level economic dialogue held here on Sunday. "China attaches great importance on saving the energy and protecting the ecology, while Japan has broad experience and advanced technologies on these areas," said Zhang Ping, chairman of China's National Development and Reform Commission, "So the two countries can achieve win-win results through close cooperation." Chinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming (4th L), Chairman of China's National Development and Reform Commission Zhang Ping (3rd L) and other Chinese officials hold a press conference in Tokyo, capital of Japan, on June 7, 2009. The officials were all members of a Chinese delegation which arrived here Saturday to attend the 2nd Sino-Japanese high-level economic dialogue    Zhang said in recent years China and Japan have already conducted active collaboration on energy and environment conservation. This has become a new highlight among the wide range of cooperation between the two countries and provided a new growing point for bilateral trade and economy.     He said more cooperation will be conducted on countermeasures of sandstorms, air pollution and treatment of garbage and sewage in small cities and towns.     The two sides also signed a contract to turn Shenyang, which used to be a heavy industrial city in China's northeast, into an environment conservation "sample city" through cooperation with Japan's Kawasaki of Kanagawa Prefecture, which is renowned for its recycling economy.     China and Japan also exchanged views on developing technology trade and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) cooperation.     "Japanese SMEs are very mature in technology and Chinese SMEs are growing fast. They should have huge potential for cooperation to tap into the vast market both inside and outside China," according to Chinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming.     Chen said China will continue to promote overseas business of SMEs and hoped Japan can help facilitate the process by measures such as easing visa controls.     Chen and his Japanese counterpart, Toshihiro Nikai, minister of economy, trade and industry, also talked on strengthening 3G telecommunications network building, opening up source code software and software and IT service outsourcing, as well as the compulsory certification system for information security products that Chinese government planned to introduce.     They signed a memorandum and established for the first time a working group to protect intellectual property rights (IPR).     "The working group will focus on information sharing of laws and regulations with regards to IPR, as well as the experience in the law enforcement," Chen said.     "Japan is a very advanced country in terms of IPR protection and we believe there are many experiences that China can learn," he added.     He said through efforts in recent years China has established its own IPR protection system. "China, as a developing country, will face a lot of problems in the process of enforcement, but we will not shun such problems."     "China and Japan have a broad range of economic cooperation. We will use the working group mechanism to solve problems in respect of IPR protection," Chen said.     The memorandum signed by Chen and Nikai stipulates that the intellectual property working group meet once a year. Nikai asked that the working group convene its first meeting by the end of the year.     The one-day dialogue, co-chaired by Wang and Japanese Foreign Minister Hirofumi Nakasone, was attended by senior officials from the two countries.     The dialogue mechanism, first held in Beijing in December 2007, was jointly launched by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and then Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe during Wen's trip to Japan in April 2007.

BEIJING, May 7 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping has urged universities to reform and improve themselves to turn out more high-quality personnel for the society.     Universities are supposed to produce "qualified builders and reliable successors of socialism with Chinese characteristics," Xi said while touring major Beijing-based universities from Wednesday to Thursday.     Centering on the fundamental task of personnel fostering, he said, universities should reform all concepts and mechanisms that go against the mission, lift the overall quality of teachers, offer better services in helping students find jobs, beef up campus stability, and provide technical service and intellectual support for companies to weather the financial crisis.     He also urged universities to prevent and punish academic corruption.

BEIJING, May 3 (Xinhua) -- China developed a new diagnostic reagent to test for A/H1N1 flu virus in pigs and the new method could provide test results in five hours, the Ministry of Agriculture said Sunday.     The ministry has organized experts soon after the outbreak of A/H1N1 to develop new diagnostic reagents to test for A/H1N1 virus. The method could also provide references for the virus in humans, the ministry said.     The ministry has urged local branches to strengthen efforts on the storage and management of emergency materials for the influenza A/H1N1 prevention and control.

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XI'AN, June 13 (Xinhua) -- Chinese archaeologists started a new excavation of the famous terracotta army site Saturday, hoping to find more clay figures and unravel some of the mysteries left behind by the "First Emperor."     It was the third excavation in the pit -- the first and largest of three pits at the site near Xi'an, capital of northwestern Shaanxi Province -- since 1974 when the terracotta army was discovered by peasants digging a well. Archaeologists work at the excavation site of No. 1 pit of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang, in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province, June 13, 2009. Archeologists began the third large-scale excavation of the Terra-cotta Warriors on June 13, China's fourth Cultural Heritage Day, after a halt of over 20 years.FIRST DAY: "BETTER THAN THOUGHT"     The new dig began at 1 p.m. Saturday, which marks the country's fourth Cultural Heritage Day, and it lasted about five hours on the first day.     "The most important discovery today is two four-horse chariots that are standing in tandem very closely," said Cao Wei, deputy curator of the Qinshihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum.     "It is the first time for us to find such an existence in the excavation history," Cao said. Photo taken on June 13, 2009 shows the excavation site of No. 1 pit of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang, in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province.In addition, another important discovery was that a few newly-unearthed terracotta warriors were richly colored. Archaeologists soon used plastic sheets to cover them for protection.     Richly colored clay figures were unearthed from the mausoleum of Qinshihuang in the Qin Dynasty (221 B.C.- 207 B.C.), the first emperor of a united China, in previous excavations, but once they were exposed to the air they began to lose their luster and turn an oxidized grey.     "From what we have excavated today, the preservation of the cultural relics is better than thought," said Xu Weihong, head of the excavation team. Photo taken on June 13, 2009 shows the excavation site of No. 1 pit of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang, in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province. "Take for instance, the discovery of the richly colored terracotta warriors gave us great confidence. I believe the future excavation will go smoothly," Xu said.     The 230 by 62-meter pit was believed to contain about 6,000 life-sized terracotta figures, more than 1,000 of which were found in previous excavations, said Wu Yongqi, museum curator.     The State Administration of Cultural Heritage has approved the museum's dig of 200 square meters of the site this year, Wu said. Archaeologists work at the excavation site of No. 1 pit of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang, in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province, June 13, 2009.Also Saturday, deputy curator Cao told reporters that the state ministration has approved a five-year excavation plan submitted by the museum.     "We plan to dig about 2,000 square meters in the coming five years," Cao said.     NEW DISCOVERIES EXPECTED     Archaeologists hoped they might find a clay figure that appeared to be "in command" of the huge underground army, said Liu Zhancheng, head of the archeological team under the terracotta museum.     "We're hoping to find a clay figure that represented a high-ranking army officer, for example," he told Xinhua earlier.     Liu and his colleagues are also hoping to ascertain the success of decades of preservation efforts to keep the undiscovered terracotta figures intact and retain their original colors.     Most experts believe the pit houses a rectangular army of archers, infantrymen and charioteers that the emperor hoped would help him rule in the afterlife.     But Liu Jiusheng, a Chinese historian in Xi'an, claims it was an army of servants and bodyguards rather than warriors. His argument is still not widely accepted by other terracotta experts.     The army is still known to most Chinese people as the "terracotta warriors and horses."     The army was one of the greatest archeological finds of modern times. It was discovered in Lintong county, 35 km east of Xi'an, in 1974 by peasants who were digging a well.     The first formal excavation of the site lasted for six years from 1978 to 1984 and produced 1,087 clay figures. A second excavation, in 1985, lasted a year and was cut short for technical reasons.     The discovery, listed as a world heritage site by UNESCO in December 1987, has turned Xi'an into one of China's major tourist attractions.

XI'AN, June 13 (Xinhua) -- Chinese archaeologists started a new excavation of the famous terracotta army site Saturday, hoping to find more clay figures and unravel some of the mysteries left behind by the "First Emperor."     It was the third excavation in the pit -- the first and largest of three pits at the site near Xi'an, capital of northwestern Shaanxi Province -- since 1974 when the terracotta army was discovered by peasants digging a well. Archaeologists work at the excavation site of No. 1 pit of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang, in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province, June 13, 2009. Archeologists began the third large-scale excavation of the Terra-cotta Warriors on June 13, China's fourth Cultural Heritage Day, after a halt of over 20 years.FIRST DAY: "BETTER THAN THOUGHT"     The new dig began at 1 p.m. Saturday, which marks the country's fourth Cultural Heritage Day, and it lasted about five hours on the first day.     "The most important discovery today is two four-horse chariots that are standing in tandem very closely," said Cao Wei, deputy curator of the Qinshihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum.     "It is the first time for us to find such an existence in the excavation history," Cao said. Photo taken on June 13, 2009 shows the excavation site of No. 1 pit of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang, in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province.In addition, another important discovery was that a few newly-unearthed terracotta warriors were richly colored. Archaeologists soon used plastic sheets to cover them for protection.     Richly colored clay figures were unearthed from the mausoleum of Qinshihuang in the Qin Dynasty (221 B.C.- 207 B.C.), the first emperor of a united China, in previous excavations, but once they were exposed to the air they began to lose their luster and turn an oxidized grey.     "From what we have excavated today, the preservation of the cultural relics is better than thought," said Xu Weihong, head of the excavation team. Photo taken on June 13, 2009 shows the excavation site of No. 1 pit of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang, in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province. "Take for instance, the discovery of the richly colored terracotta warriors gave us great confidence. I believe the future excavation will go smoothly," Xu said.     The 230 by 62-meter pit was believed to contain about 6,000 life-sized terracotta figures, more than 1,000 of which were found in previous excavations, said Wu Yongqi, museum curator.     The State Administration of Cultural Heritage has approved the museum's dig of 200 square meters of the site this year, Wu said. Archaeologists work at the excavation site of No. 1 pit of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang, in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province, June 13, 2009.Also Saturday, deputy curator Cao told reporters that the state ministration has approved a five-year excavation plan submitted by the museum.     "We plan to dig about 2,000 square meters in the coming five years," Cao said.     NEW DISCOVERIES EXPECTED     Archaeologists hoped they might find a clay figure that appeared to be "in command" of the huge underground army, said Liu Zhancheng, head of the archeological team under the terracotta museum.     "We're hoping to find a clay figure that represented a high-ranking army officer, for example," he told Xinhua earlier.     Liu and his colleagues are also hoping to ascertain the success of decades of preservation efforts to keep the undiscovered terracotta figures intact and retain their original colors.     Most experts believe the pit houses a rectangular army of archers, infantrymen and charioteers that the emperor hoped would help him rule in the afterlife.     But Liu Jiusheng, a Chinese historian in Xi'an, claims it was an army of servants and bodyguards rather than warriors. His argument is still not widely accepted by other terracotta experts.     The army is still known to most Chinese people as the "terracotta warriors and horses."     The army was one of the greatest archeological finds of modern times. It was discovered in Lintong county, 35 km east of Xi'an, in 1974 by peasants who were digging a well.     The first formal excavation of the site lasted for six years from 1978 to 1984 and produced 1,087 clay figures. A second excavation, in 1985, lasted a year and was cut short for technical reasons.     The discovery, listed as a world heritage site by UNESCO in December 1987, has turned Xi'an into one of China's major tourist attractions.

WASHINGTON, April 22 (Xinhua) -- The International Monetary Fund on Wednesday warned that the global economy was in "a severe recession" and the world output is projected to decline 1.3 percent this year, the deepest global recession since the Great Depression in 1930s.     "The global economy is in a severe recession inflicted by a massive financial crisis and acute loss of confidence," said the IMF in its latest World Economic Outlook report. "All corners of the globe are being affected." 　　EPICENTER OF CRISIS     According to the report, the world economy is projected to decline by 1.3 percent in 2009 as a whole and to recover only gradually in 2010, growing by 1.9 percent.     "Achieving this turnaround will depend on stepping up efforts to heal the financial sector, while continuing to support demand with monetary and fiscal easing," said the IMF.     The advanced economies experienced an unprecedented 7.5 percent decline in real GDP during the fourth quarter of 2008, and output is estimated to have continued to fall almost as fast during the first quarter of 2009, according to the report.     Although the U.S. economy may have suffered most from intensified financial strains and the continued fall in the housing sector, western Europe and advanced Asia have been hit hard by the collapse in global trade, as well as by rising financial problems of their own and housing corrections in some national markets.     Emerging economies are suffering badly and contracted 4 percent in the fourth quarter in the aggregate.     The United States, at the center of an intensifying global financial storm, will contract by 2.8 percent this year, said the IMF, adding that "the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression has pushed the United States into a severe recession."     Meanwhile, the euro zone economy will shrink by 4.2 percent this year and fall a further 0.4 percent in 2010, the IMF said, criticizing the bloc for weak public policy responses and coordination.     In Japan, the IMF expects 2009 output to fall 6.2 percent, far worse than its January forecast for a 2.6 percent decline.     China is expected to slow to about 6.5 percent this year, half the 13 percent growth rate recorded pre-crisis in 2007 but still a strong performance given the global context, according to the IMF.     UNCERTAIN OUTLOOK     The IMF warned the financial crisis remains acute. "The financial market stabilization will take longer than previously envisaged, even with strong efforts by policymakers," it said.     Thus, financial strains in the mature markets are projected to remain heavy until well into 2010, and overall credit to the private sector in the advanced economies is expected to decline in both 2009 and 2010.     Meanwhile, emerging and developing economies are expected to face greatly curtailed access to external financing in both years.     In a semi-annual report Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR), which was released on Monday, the IMF said write-down on U.S.-originated assets to be suffered by all holders will be 2.7 trillion dollars, "largely as a result of the worsening base-case scenario for economic growth."     Total expected write-downs on global exposures are estimated at about 4 trillion dollars, of which two-thirds will fall on banks and the remainder on insurance companies, pension funds, hedge funds, and other intermediaries.     In the latest World Economic Outlook report, the IMF warned that the current outlook is exceptionally uncertain, with risks weighed to the downside.     The crisis has hurt international trade, with volume expected to plunge 11 percent this year before eking out 0.6 percent growth in 2010.     Consumer prices in developed countries were under pressure and would fall 0.2 percent in 2009.     "Even once the crisis is over, there will be a difficult transition period, with output growth appreciably below rates seen in the recent past," said the IMF.     BOLD POLICY     The IMF called for its members to take new bold policy stimulus to jump-start their economies.     "This difficult and uncertain outlook argues for forceful action on both the financial and macroeconomic policy fronts," said the IMF.     Past episodes of financial crisis have shown that delays in tackling the underlying problem mean an even more protracted economic downturn and even greater costs, both in terms of taxpayer money and economic activity.     "Policymakers must be mindful of the cross-border ramifications of policy choices," said the IMF. "Initiatives that support trade and financial partners will help support global demand, with shared benefits."     In advanced economies, scope for easing monetary policy further should be used aggressively to counter deflation risks.     Although policy rates are already near the zero floor in many countries, whatever policy room remains should be used quickly, according to the IMF.     Emerging economies also need to ease monetary conditions to respond to the deteriorating outlook.     However, in many of those economies, the task of central banks is further complicated by the need to sustain external stability in the face of highly fragile financing flows, the IMF warned.     The 185-member organization also warned against the rising protectionism.     "Greater international cooperation is needed to avoid exacerbating cross-border strains," said the IMF. "Coordination and collaboration is particularly important with respect to financial policies to avoid adverse international spillovers from national actions."     "A slide toward trade and financial protectionism would be hugely damaging to all, a clear warning from the experience of 1930s beggar-thy-neighbor policies," it warned.

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SHANGHAI, June 3 (Xinhua) -- Standard Chartered Bank (China) Limited announced Wednesday that it plans to issue 3.5 billion yuan (512 million U.S.dollars) financial bonds in China, the first foreign bank to issue Renminbi bonds in the Chinese mainland.     The announcement was made in the wake of a circular released by the State Council in April on building Shanghai into an international financial center and shipping hub.     The municipal government of Shanghai convened a working meeting late last month on preparation for the financial center goal, promising to support foreign banks to issue yuan-denominated bonds.     "As China's financial market continues to liberalize, Standard Chartered is seeing a number of opportunities for our business," said Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive of Standard Chartered Bank, during his visit to Beijing this week.     The issuance is expected to help elevate the Renminbi's status as an international reserve currency, develop local capital markets, and contribute towards Shanghai's development as a global financial center, said Sands.     Standard Chartered Group reported 26 percent income growth in 2008, or 13.97 billion U.S. dollars despite the difficult global economic environment.     In China, the bank has grown by an average annual compounded growth rate of 80 percent over the past four years.     Standard Chartered Bank is China's oldest foreign bank enjoying150 years of history. It is among the first batch of locally-incorporated foreign banks and has one of the largest foreign bank networks operating in China.

RAMALLAH, June 23, (Xinhua) -- With more than 30 years of involvement in the work related to the Middle East issue, China's new special envoy to the Middle East Wu Sike said on Tuesday that he'll employ his personal experience on the region to help fulfill his mission.     Wu arrived in the West Bank city of Ramallah on Tuesday, starting the second leg of his first regional tour as China's new special envoy.     Upon his arrival, Wu told Xinhua that Chinese and Palestinian peoples have a traditional friendship, China has been long supporting the righteous Palestinian cause, with the positive sign emerged recently on the peace issue, China, along with the international community, is concerning on how to revive the peace process and push forward the process toward a final solution.     With this concern, Wu said the aim of his trip is to know the attitude and response of all sides involved in the peace process on the newly emerged situation, lay out China's stance on the issue, and exert efforts to boost the process with all sides in coordination.     Touching upon the issue of the internal Palestinian dispute between factions, mainly the rival Fatah and Hamas, Wu said Palestinian unity is crucial to solve the Middle East issue.     "Hamas is a major Palestinian faction, which enjoys strong public support," said the envoy, adding that, "it'll be important if Hamas can take an positive attitude toward the peace process and involved in it."     Wu said China is willing to see the success of the internal Palestinian dialogue, and is ready to make efforts on helping Palestinians to achieve national unity.     Wu, former Chinese ambassador to Egypt, was appointed as the special envoy in March this year to replace Sun Bigan.     He has been director of the Department of West Asian and North African Affairs of the Foreign Ministry, ambassador to Saudi Arabia and Egypt, and also the first Chinese plenipotentiary to the Arab League.     Citing his three-decade long diplomatic experiences in the region, Wu said that he witnessed both the disasters and losses caused by conflicts and the development, stability and opportunities brought by peace tracks between countries in the region.     "The contrast between the two tracks makes me convinced that military confront could not bring about the resolution of the Middle East issue, and the only way out is through peace negotiations," said the envoy.     Bearing the belief, the envoy said he will discuss both his personal experience and China's stance on the Middle East issue with all sides during his mediation, and actively involve in the peace process to fulfill his mission. 

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ROME, July 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao arrived here Sunday for a state visit, and he will attend the outreach session of the Group of Eight (G8) summit scheduled for Thursday in the central Italian city of L'aquila.     In a statement released upon his arrival at the Fiumicino Airport in Rome, Hu said he is very glad to come to this beautiful country for a state visit at the invitation of Italian President Giorgio Napolitano. Chinese President Hu Jintao (C) is welcomed by an Italian official upon his arrival at Rome, Italy, July 5, 2009. Hu started a state visit to Italy on Sunday. Hu will also attend the outreach session of the Group of Eight (G8) summit scheduled for July 9th in the central Italian city of L'Aquila."I believe that under joint effort of both sides, this visit will be a total success and help advance the all-round strategic partnership between China and Italy to a new stage," Hu said in the statement.     Noting both China and Italy are countries with a long history of civilization, Hu said the two peoples enjoy a long-standing friendship.     "China places great importance on expanding relations with Italy," Hu said, adding China is ready to join effort with Italy to bring in an even brighter future of bilateral relations. Chinese President Hu Jintao is greeted by a girl upon his arrival at Rome, Italy, July 5, 2009. Hu started a state visit to Italy on Sunday. Hu will also attend the outreach session of the Group of Eight (G8) summit scheduled for July 9th in the central Italian city of L'Aquila.In Rome, President Hu will meet President Napolitano, Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi and other Italian leaders to discuss the development of bilateral cooperation.     In recent years, the all-round strategic partnership between China and Italy has witnessed continuous development as political mutual trust has become deeper and deeper, and cooperation and exchanges in various fields have expanded rapidly. Chinese President Hu Jintao (L, front) waves upon his arrival at Rome, Italy, July 5, 2009. Hu started a state visit to Italy on Sunday. Hu will also attend the outreach session of the Group of Eight (G8) summit scheduled for July 9th in the central Italian city of L'AquilaThe two countries have maintained close coordination on world affairs and expanded people-to-people exchanges and cultural cooperation.     China is now Italy's important trading partner with the two-way trade totaling 38.2 billion U.S. dollars in 2008 despite the slowdown of the global economy.     The two countries have also expanded cooperation in the sectors of economy, culture, science and environmental protection in recent years.     In L'aquila, the Chinese president will attend the outreach session of the G8 summit and other meetings.     According to Italy, the host of the 35th G8 summit, leaders from the G8 and major developing countries will hold talks from Wednesday to Friday on the world economy, the financial crisis, climate change, food security, trade and development.     President Hu will attend a group meeting Wednesday with leaders from India, Brazil, South Africa and Mexico. They are expected to exchange views on the issues of common concern.     At the outreach session of the G8 summit Thursday, leaders of the G8 nations, China, India, Brazil, South Africa and Mexico, and Egypt, a special guest of the Italian president, will discuss a number of pressing issues, such as the world economy, the financial crisis, and international trade.     This is the sixth time that the Chinese president has attended the G8 outreach session. The previous one took place in the northern Japanese resort of Toyako last July.     The G8, an informal forum of leading industrialized nations, groups Germany, France, Britain, Italy, Japan, the United States, Canada and Russia.     President Hu will also attend the Major Economies Forum (MEF) on energy security and climate change Thursday.     Italian Prime Minister Berlusconi described the forum in L'aquila as a "crucial step in the preparatory work paving the way for the UN conference in Copenhagen this December."     On Friday, President Hu will join discussions with leaders of the G8, Brazil, India, South Africa, Mexico and a group of African nations on aid, food security and progress toward the Millennium Development Goals.     China expects the outreach session will give "a strong signal for further cooperation on tackling the financial crisis on the basis of the G20 summits," said Chinese Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei at a press briefing last week.     "We expect the meeting will help to raise concern on the impact of the global downturn on development issues and food security, especially in African countries," He said.     On the sidelines of the G8 outreach session, President Hu is expected to meet some leaders participating in the event, including U.S. President Barack Obama, to discuss bilateral ties and the international issues of common concern.     Hu and Obama met for the first time on April 1 to discuss bilateral ties, the ongoing global financial storm and other major issues of common concern when they were attending a Group of 20 summit on the financial crisis in London.     The G8 has strengthened links and dialogue with developing countries in recent years. Such a trend has helped advance the South-North dialogue and cooperation, push forward the development of multilateralism, and promote the resolution of global issues.     Italian Prime Minister Berlusconi decided to move the venue of G8 summit from the island of Sardinia to L'aquila, where an earthquake on April 6 killed 295 people and left over 60,000 people homeless.     The Italian government hopes the shift of the summit venue could attract more attention to the plight of the victims in L'aquila and help the devastated city's reconstruction.     Since the end of last year, President Hu has attended a series of major international conferences on the financial crisis and other major issues.     He participated in the annual summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the first meeting of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) leaders in Russia's Ural city of Yekaterinburg in June.     He was present at the G20 financial summit in London in the beginning of April.     The Chinese president and other leaders from the G20 members also gathered in Washington for a summit on the financial crisis on Nov. 15 last year.     Days later, Hu flew after a Cuba visit to Peru to attend the Economic Leaders' Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Cooperation Organization (APEC) on regional economic issues and the financial crisis.     Other Chinese leaders including Premier Wen Jiabao have also participated in several international conferences to seek joint actions with other countries to deal with the crisis.     Premier Wen stressed confidence, cooperation and responsibility as a key to overcoming the financial storm at the World Economic Forum's annual meeting in the Swiss skiing resort of Davos in January.

BEIJING, May 19 (Xinhua) -- China and Brazil issued a joint communique on Tuesday to boost their strategic partnership as Brazilian president visited Beijing.     Chinese President Hu Jintao and his Brazilian counterpart Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva agreed that both countries have enjoyed fruitful cooperation since forging diplomatic ties 35 years ago, the communique said. They believed it is of great significance to further facilitate China-Brazil strategic partnership at the current stage.     The two countries signed cooperative agreements in politics, law, science, space ,finance, port, energy and agricultural products, among others.     Lula da Silva reiterated in the communique his country's adherence to the one-China policy and admitted that the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government of China and Taiwan is a part of China. President Hu highly appreciated that. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) shakes hands with his Brazilian counterpart Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva after signing the joint communique at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, May 19, 2009.     The two sides emphasized the important role of bilateral high-level coordination and cooperation committee in guiding the relations in all sectors.     The two countries agreed to maintain high-level visits, and strengthen strategic blueprint on Sino-Brazilian ties through bilateral mechanisms such as strategic dialogue, political consultation between the two foreign ministries and parliamentary bodies.     They agreed to hold their second strategic dialogue in the latter half of this year, the communique said.     The two leaders decided to map out a joint action plan from 2010 to 2014, which would cover all the fields of existing bilateral cooperation. Chinese President Hu Jintao (3rd L) holds talks with his Brazilian counterpart Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (3rd R) at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, May 19, 2009.They expressed their satisfaction over the enhanced bilateral economic and trade cooperation, and promised to further promote the diversified trade and growth of bilateral trade.     Hu and Lula da Silva reiterated it is of great importance to maintain economic growth and strengthen bilateral trade amid the international financial crisis. They vow to promote cooperation and dispel obstruction in the fields of custom and quality control, to ensure safety and provide convenience to bilateral trade.     Both sides encouraged relevant departments and enterprises to carry out investments in the fields of infrastructure construction, energy, mineral, agriculture, industry, and high-tech industries.     According to the communique, the two sides are willing to strengthen dialogues on macro-economy policies within the mechanism of bilateral financial ministers' dialogue.     The two countries agreed that science and technology played a strategic role in their economic development and competitiveness. They expressed their satisfaction over signing a science and technology and innovation cooperation plan. The two presidents agreed to increase space cooperation and continue joint work on satellite research.     China and Brazil in 1988 launched an earth resources exploring satellite program known as CBERS, and three satellites have so far been launched. The information collected by the satellites was offered to other developing countries for free. The project was considered a technology cooperation model between the developing countries.     The two sides also agreed to expand cooperation in education, culture, press, tourism and sports. China welcomes Brazil to set up a general consulate in Guangzhou, capital city of south China's Guangdong Province, the document said.     Brazil will participate in the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, and the president wished the World Expo a complete success, according to the communique.     The two developing nations agreed to keep close contacts within the frameworks of the Group of Five(G5) and the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China), and enhance coordination with other developing countries, to increase the participation and voices of developing countries in international affairs.     Hu and Lula da Silva believe and the two countries have taken "important" measures to tackle the global economic downturn, and made positive contribution to maintain respective economic growth and global economic recovery, the communique said. Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang (4th R) and Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (4th L) attend a seminar on the new opportunities of the China-Brazil strategic partnership, in Beijing, capital of China, May 19, 2009. A seminar on the new opportunities of the China-Brazil strategic partnership was held in Beijing May 19. The two presidents proposed deepening the ongoing reform of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, in a bid to increase representation and voice of the developing world.     They also called on international financial organizations to offer more resource aid to developing countries hit more severely by the global slump, it said.     Both sides underscored the significance of the G20 London Summit in fighting the global downturn, calling on the international community to implement the consensus reached during the summit and promote the international financial system reform.     According to the communique, the two countries opposed protectionism as a means to survive the crisis. They expected to enhance coordination and cooperation within the World Trade Organization and promote an early conclusion of Doha Round negotiation.     Hu accepted Lula da Silva's invitation for him to visit Brazil at a convenient time.