微电子技术的应用及发展趋势

财务工作总结

BEIJING, Feb. 1 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government vowed to beef up vocational training for migrant workers, college graduates and laid-off workers, who were badly hit by the global financial crisis, to help them land jobs, according to a joint circular issued by three ministries.     Local government should offer the migrant workers necessary training to help them find jobs in the railway and infrastructure construction, power sector and rebuilding of the quake-hit areas, according to the joint circular issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.     Vocational schools and technical training institutions should enhance training for people who were affected by the crisis, and work out programs to help them find new jobs, said the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on Sunday.     China's urban unemployment rate was 4.2 percent at the end of 2008, up 0.2 percentage points year on year, according to official figures.

BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- Xinhua News Agency published an article by Hao Shiyuan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), on Thursday, to hail that the Democratic Reform is historic stride for social system in Tibet.     Hao, who is also director of the CASS center for the study of Tibetan history and culture, has contributed the article to the Beijing-based Guangming Daily as part of the newspaper's serial articles to mark the establishment of the "Serfs Emancipation Day" by the Tibetan legislature on Monday.     Before the launching in 1959 of the Democratic Reform in Tibet, the highland area was under a hierarchical rule by monks and aristocrats, says the article, citing a book by Edmund Candler, an India-based correspondent of the British newspaper "Daily Mail", who entered Tibet with British army in 1905.     According to the British reporter's "The Unveiling Lhasa", Tibet was then under a feudalist serfdom, where peasants were slaves of lamas. He even compared the Potala Palace, the residence of Tibetan Buddhist leaders, with the bloodiest medieval castles in Europe in the Middle Ages.     The British journalist was so surprised at what he saw in Tibet that he depicted the Tibetan serfdom as unprecedentedly stubborn and dark.     The Communist Party of China (CPC), which represents the fundamental interests of the Chinese of different ethnic groups, is the only power which can lead the one million Tibetan serfs to end the hierarchical serfdom in Tibet, says Hao.     In 1951, the central government signed a 17-article Agreement with the local government of Tibet, which marks the peaceful liberation of Tibet.     In 1954, late Chinese leader Chairman Mao Zedong told the ** Lama, who was then a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), the top legislature, that the central government was not eager to implement the Democratic Reform in Tibet, though the reform had been underway in other minority areas.     "It needs the consent of the Tibetan people and the will of the Han people must not be forcibly given to the Tibetan people," said Mao, who indicated that the central government was patient enough on the issue of Democratic Reform in Tibet, though "some Han officials might be" eager to carry out the reform.     The scholar explains that "some Han officials", who were not as patient as the central government, came to the idea to start the reform at an early time, because they witnessed that the Tibetan people were increasingly eager to end the serfdom, under which, the Tibetan serfs were living in an abyss of suffering.     Between 1952-58, the local government of Tibet had a financial income of 392.9 million yuan (about 52 million U.S. dollars), but 357.17 million yuan, or 91 percent, came from the central government. Meanwhile, the central government had invested a lot of money to build highways in Tibet. By 1957, the length of Tibetan highways topped 6,000 kilometers.     Under serfdom, however, Tibetan serfs could not enjoy the economic achievements in Tibet, which were made with the financial assistance by the central government, the article says.     The Buddhist monks, aristocrats and the local government were frightened by the bulging demand of the Tibetan people for carrying out the reform.     In 1955, a preparatory committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region was set up, with the ** Lama as the chairman and the Banqen Lama as a vice chairman. In the same year, some Tibetan aristocrats began plotting for armed rebellions.     Beginning in 1957, some Tibetan people were organized to lay siege to government organizations, kill government staff workers, and hold armed rebellions. In 1958, a large number of rebellious armed forces were set up in Tibet.     On Mar. 10, 1959, an all-around armed rebellion was launched by the local government of Tibet and the stubborn upper-class forces, and the ** Lama went into exile, in betrayal of the nation and the Tibetan people.     The Tibetan hierarchical ruling forces headed by the ** Lama held the 1959 armed rebellion - an attempt to safeguard the feudalist serfdom and their fundamental interests, oppose all kinds of changes in Tibet, and seek for "Tibetan independence", according to the article.     On Mar. 28, the central government dissolved the local government of Tibet and replaced it with the preparatory committee, while launching the Democratic Reform, which allowed the Tibetan people to step in the process of a modern social development. Since then, a series of reform policies and measures had been issued to abolish the old system and set up a new system.     In 1961, the Democratic Reform was initially completed as the 1million emancipated Tibetan serfs became the master of Tibet and people's governments were set up across the autonomous region.     Thanks to the support of the central government, the Tibetan economy had achieved a big progress. As of 1965, the grain output in Tibet reached 290 million kilograms, an 88.6 percent increase over 1958, while the number of the livestock stood at over 18 million, an increase of 54.1 percent comparing with that of 1958.     On Sept. 1, 1965, the Tibet Autonomous Region was established, which marks the beginning of a socialist drive in Tibet, a historic stride for social system in Tibet, the article says.

BEIJING, Jan. 12 (Xinhua) -- China and the United States on Monday agreed that Sino-U.S. relations had become one of the most dynamic and important bilateral relations in the world. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (R) shakes hands with former U.S. President Jimmy Carter, who is here to attend the commemorative events of the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 12, 2009.     Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping and visiting former U.S. President Jimmy Carter made the consensus when addressing a reception in the Great Hall of the People to mark the 30th anniversary of diplomatic ties between the two countries. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping addresses the commemorative reception of the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 12, 2009. Xi hosted about 500 guests from the two countries during the reception on Monday evening.     "As one of the most dynamic and important bilateral relations in the world, Sino-U.S. relations not only benefit the two peoples, but also help world peace and development," Xi said.     Xi said that at this crucial time, during the international financial crisis, China and the United States should deal with bilateral relations from a broader global perspective and from the attitude of keeping pace with the times.     He called for the two nations to constantly review bilateral relations from a strategic and overall perspective and firmly pursue constructive and cooperative relations. Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter addresses the commemorative reception of the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 12, 2009.     The two countries should maintain exchanges and improve all dialogue and cooperation mechanisms, so as to increase mutual understanding and trust, Xi said.     China and the United States should increase cooperation to jointly respond to global challenges, and expand common interests to contribute more to world peace and development, he added.     Xi also called for the two countries to abide by the three Sino-U.S. joint communiques and respect each other's core interests in a bid to safeguard and promote their relations. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (front, 2nd R) talks to former U.S. President Jimmy Carter (front, C), who is here to attend the commemorative events of the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, while they are taking a group photo in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 12, 2009.     The two nations should strengthen friendly exchanges between their peoples to cement the social basis for friendship, he said.     The two countries saw trade exceed 300 billion U.S. dollars in 2007, about 120 times of that 30 years ago.     So far, the two governments have signed more than 30 agreements of cooperation, and set up more than 60 dialogue mechanisms. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (C) toasts to former U.S. President Jimmy Carter (L) and former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger (R) during the commemorative reception of the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 12, 2009.     China and the United States, as cooperative partners, not strategic opponent, enjoyed mutually beneficial relations, not zero-sum competitive ties, Xi said. The cooperation was conducive for both countries, for the Asia-Pacific region, and for the world at large.     Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter said in his address that the relationship "is the most important diplomatic relationship in the world today."     Carter, who, in office, made the decision to normalize relations with China, said, "History has shown that normalization brought greater security and prosperity to more people, not only to the U.S. and Chinese peoples, but also to the rest of the world." Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter (2nd L), who is here to attend the commemorative events of the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, presents his new book to Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (R) in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 12, 2009.     He said he was fortunate to see the relationship flourish and to observe China reinventing and rebuilding herself into a nation that has "changed her mission to the Chinese people and to the world".     "If we are to overcome the challenges of the 21st Century, including global warming and climate change, disease control, terrorism, nuclear proliferation and a global financial crisis, our two nations must maintain the mutual respect that has served us in the past," he said.     "The founding principles of 'understanding, patience and persistence' that began 30 years ago should never be in danger," Carter said, referring to the incoming administration of President-elect Barack Obama.     Carter said he had always adhered to the one-China policy. "I consider it an essential policy priority of the United States that the People's Republic of China be recognized as the sole government of China," he noted.     Xi met with Carter before the reception, applauding the efforts of Carter and other politicians to promote the Sino-U.S. relations. Xi hoped they would continue their work.  

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BEIJING, Jan. 7 (Xinhua) -- They are not common diplomatic tools: several paddles, a few ping pong balls and some table tennis players from China and the United States.     But the fact that nine American table tennis players were invited to Beijing for exhibition games with Chinese players in April 1971 did break the ice between the two nations.     Thirty-eight years after those historic games, players from the two nations lined up for a rematch in the Chinese capital on Wednesday.     First came the 1971 U.S. team's youngest member, Judy Hoarfrost.     "When I first came to China in 1971, I didn't know the significance at first. As we went to China right away after the invitation, so we didn't have chance to really learn until we left China," Hoarfrost told Xinhua while warming up for a match with a veteran Chinese player, Qi Baoxiang.     The invitation from China came during the 31st World Championships in Nagoya, Japan where the Chinese team was competing for the first time in two years.     Just two days later, nine U.S. team members crossed into the Chinese mainland from Hong Kong, becoming the first group of Americans to visit the Chinese mainland since 1949.     "My picture with Premier Zhou Enlai was on the front page of all the newspapers around the world. When I went back, everybody was so interested. I was only 15 years old, but they had all questions for me like I knew something special about China. Just because I had been there," Hoarfrost recalled.     "It (Ping Pong diplomacy) is the first step of the march towards the relations between the two countries. It played a very important role," said U.S. Deputy Secretary of State John D. Negroponte at the friendship game, a tribute to three-decade China-U.S. diplomatic ties.     Negroponte was the highest ranking U.S. official to come to China for a series of commemorative events marking the 30th anniversary diplomatic relations.     Although the 51-year-old Hoarfrost lost to Qi by 3 to 11, she said she enjoyed the match. "Ping Pong really can bring people together."     The match not only helped the veterans revive the old memories, but also connected the younger generations between the two nations. U.S. Deputy Secretary of State John D. Negroponte (R) poses with former Chinese ping-pong world champion Liang Geliang during the Friendship Ping-pong Match marking the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the China-U.S. diplomatic relations, at the State General Administration of Sport in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 7, 2009.     As the representative of the U.S. junior players, Ariel Hsing said she was "very excited to be a Ping Pong diplomat."     After winning the 2nd place Women's Singles at U.S. National Championships last December, the 13-year-old was picked to play in Wednesday's friendship match.     Hsing's fast break play on both sides of the paddle enabled her to beat her Chinese opponent Chen Meng in 15-minute-long match.     "I was just lucky to win. She played very well," Hsing said of Chen, a member of Chinese women team wining the 2008 Asia Juvenile Championship.     "Good job," Deputy Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Guangya told Hsing, a Chinese American born in San Jose, California.     "The rematch helped pass down the old friendship to the younger generation," said Liang Geliang, a top player who played against the U.S. team in Beijing in 1971.     As the finale of Wednesday's match, Liang and Hsing played together against another pair of Qi and Peter Li, the other junior American.     Their two matches went to the wire and ended in a tie, bringing down the house.     Since her first tour in 1971, Hoarfrost has visited China five times, all in the name of Ping Pong diplomacy.     "So many changes in China. People are much better educated now, have much more communications with other countries. People travel out of China and bring back what they learn. People have many more opportunities to learn."     Changes also took place in the China-U.S. relations over the past 30 years. "We now have a very broad and deep relationship in many different walks of lives, politically, socially, economically, and in terms of science and education," said Negroponte.     Looking to the future, Negroponte said there are "many different possibilities" for the U.S.-China relations. "I am sure the next 30 years will be even better."     "I'm very happy to win. I hope I can make it to the 2012 London Olympics," Hsing said with excitement. "I hope to get involved in Ping Pong diplomacy again."     

BEIJING, Oct. 22 (Xinhua) - Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and visiting Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen on Wednesday agreed to establish comprehensive strategic partnership between the two nations.     Wen told Rasmussen during their talks that both sides shared strong desire to lift the level of the bilateral mutually-beneficial cooperation, since the Sino-Danish relations had become more mature after experiencing 58 years' development.     Denmark was one of the first western nations to recognize the People's Republic of China, and the two peoples enjoyed profound friendship, Wen noted.     China applauded Denmark's adherence to one-China policy, and was ready to work with the country to increase mutual trust, expand cooperation in science, technology, environmental protection, energy, innovation, culture and other areas, he said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (3rd L back) and Denish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen (2nd L back) attend the signing ceremony between the two countries in Beijing, capital of China, Oct. 22, 2008    The premier hoped that the two nations would improve their capacity of promoting economic growth and resisting risks through the increase of bilateral cooperation.     China paid high attention to the 15th Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Copenhagen next year, Wen said, noting that China would, in line with the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, make efforts to push forward related international cooperation in this area to achieve positive progress.     Rasmussen said Denmark attached great importance to building the comprehensive strategic partnership with China, and hoped to enhance the bilateral cooperation in environment, renewable energy resources, education, research and other fields.     Denmark was ready to strengthen cooperation with China to jointly safeguard the stability of the international financial market, the prime minister said.     The country would also increase cooperation with China in response to climate change, he noted.     The two nations signed documents to enhance bilateral cooperation in climate change, renewable energy resources, science, technology and innovation. The two prime ministers attended the signing ceremony of the agreements.     Rasmussen was here for a six-day official visit to China and for the seventh Asia-Europe Meeting scheduled for Oct. 24-25.

BEIJING, Dec. 24 (Xinhua) -- Jia Qinglin, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), stressed the importance of strengthening national unity under the new situation Wednesday at a national conference on ethnic work.     Jia urged participants to seriously study and implement the recent instructions of Hu Jintao, state president and general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee.     "Firmly hold to the main theme of a common unity and progress for all ethnic groups and closely center on task of promoting national unity and achieving a common progress for all ethnic groups," said the CPPCC chairman, who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau.     In his speech, the top political advisor called for persisting in upholding socialism with China's own characteristics and firmly taking the road toward resolving ethnic problems with China's own characteristics; persisting in implementing a scientific concept of development and making efforts to promote a sound and fast economic and social development for ethnic groups and minority areas; persisting in and perfecting ethnic regional autonomy and make substantial efforts to protect the legal rights of ethnic minorities; and persisting in the fundamental demand for promoting social harmony and ceaselessly consolidating and developing an equal, united, mutually-supporting, and harmonious socialist national relations.     Strengthening national unity depends on the strengthening and improving of the Party leadership on the ethnic work, Jia stressed.     Vice Premier Hui Liangyu also addressed the conference. Different areas and departments should unify their thinking and action to Hu's instructions as well as the major decisions and arrangements made by the Central Authorities, said the official, who is a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.     The meeting was presided over by Du Qinglin, vice chairman of the CPPCC National Committee and director of the United Front Department of the CPC Central Committee.     Present at the meeting were heads of provincial level United Front departments and ethnic work commissions from across the country.

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BEIJING, Jan. 14 (Xinhua) -- China's State Council unveiled a long-awaited support package for the auto and steel sectors Wednesday to boost the two "pillar industries".     Under the plan, the government will lower the purchase tax on cars under 1.6 liters from 10 percent to 5 percent from Jan. 20 to Dec. 31 in a bid to stimulate sales.     It will also allocate 5 billion yuan (730 million U.S. dollars) to provide one-off allowances to farmers to upgrade their three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks to mini-trucks or purchase new mini-vans under 1.3 liters from March 1 to Dec. 31. It will also increase subsidies for people to scrap their old cars and will straighten out and cancel regulations that restrict car purchase.     The plan encourages large auto companies, as well as major auto-part makers to expand through mergers and acquisitions so as to optimize resources and improve their competitiveness on the international market.     In the next three years, the central government will earmark 10 billion yuan as a special fund to support auto companies to upgrade technologies, and develop new engines that use alternative energies. The government will offer financial support to promoting the use of energy-saving autos and those fueled by new energies, and support automakers to develop independent brands and build auto and parts export bases.     The plan also urges improvements in the credit system for car purchase loans. More than 93 percent of Chinese vehicles are sold in the domestic market, but less than 10 percent are purchased on credit.     It also requires accelerated upgrading of the steel sector, transforming "big" industry competitors into "strong" international players.     It said the industry needed to eliminate outdated technology, and must not establish new projects that merely add to steel output.     China also needed to increase domestic demand for steel and adopt a more flexible tax rebate policy to keep international markets.     Special funds will be allocated from the central budget to promote technological advancement of the sector, readjustment of products mix and improvements of product quality, according to the plan.

LANZHOU, Nov.18 (Xinhua) -- Authorities in northwest China's Gansu Province have put the violent protest under control after a group of petitioners attacked local government buildings on Monday night, said a provincial government official.     The protesters have left the government building and the social order has resumed normal in Longnan City, where the unrest erupted, on Tuesday night.     More than 30 residents in Dongjiang Town, Wudu District, who faced resettlement, gathered at the city's government around 9:30 a.m. on Monday, asking the authorities for proper solutions concerning their farmland, housing and livelihoods.     The unrest resulted from a planned relocation of the city's government which would force the residents to be resettled.     The protesters talked with some officials on Monday but they failed to reach any agreement. On Monday night, more people joined them and some of the protesters attacked government buildings, damaged vehicles and facilities, and injured some policemen who tried to maintain order, according to a report of the provincial government.     The government's relocation plan has not been approved by the central government yet, the report said.

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BEIJING, Nov. 9 (Xinhua) -- China will take 10 major steps to stimulate domestic consumption and growth as it turns to an "active" fiscal policy and "moderately easy" monetary policy, an executive meeting of the State Council said on Sunday.     Here are the 10 major steps:     -- Housing: Building more affordable and low-rent housing and speeding the clearing of slums. A pilot program to rebuild rural housing will expand. Nomads will be encouraged to settle down.     -- Rural infrastructure: Speeding up rural infrastructure construction. Roads and power grids in the countryside will be improved, and efforts will be stepped up to spread the use of methane and to ensure drinking water safety. This part of the plan also involves expediting the North-South water diversion project. Risky reservoirs will be reinforced. Water conservation in large-scale irrigation areas will be strengthened. Poverty relief efforts will be increased.     -- Transportation: Accelerating the expansion of the transport network. That includes more dedicated passenger rail links and coal routes. Trunk railways will be extended and more airports will be built in western areas. Urban power grids will be upgraded.     -- Health and education: Beefing up the health and medical service by improving the grass roots medical system. Accelerating the development of the cultural and education sectors and junior high school construction in rural western and central areas. More special education and cultural facilities.     -- Environment: Improving environmental protection by enhancing the construction of sewage and rubbish treatment facilities and preventing water pollution in key areas. Accelerating green belt and natural forest planting programs. Increasing support for energy conservation and pollution-control projects.     -- Industry: Enhancing innovation and industrial restructuring and supporting the development of the high-tech and service industries.     -- Disaster rebuilding: Speeding reconstruction in the areas hit by the May 12 earthquake.     -- Incomes: Raising average incomes in rural and urban areas. Raising next year's minimum grain purchase and farm subsidies. Increasing subsidies for low-income urban residents. Increasing pension funds for enterprise employees and allowances for those receiving special services.     -- Taxes: Extending reforms in value-added tax rules to all industries, which could cut the tax corporate burden by 120 billion yuan (about 17.6 billion U.S. dollars). Technological upgrading will be encouraged.     -- Finance: Enhancing financial support to maintain economic growth. Removing loan quotas on commercial lenders. Appropriately increasing bank credit for priority projects, rural areas, smaller enterprises, technical innovation and industrial rationalization through mergers and acquisitions.     These 10 moves are expected to have positive effects on cement, iron and steel producers amid a boom in infrastructure investment. Commercial lenders will benefit as loan ceilings are abolished, and medium-sized and small companies are likely to benefit from preferential policies.