税收原则理论的历史演变及评价

河北省高考报名

BEIJING, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- China's manufacturing sector continued to grow for the ninth straight month in November, according to a survey by the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing (CFLP) on Tuesday.     The Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) of China's manufacturing sector stood at 55.2 percent in November, unchanged from the previous month, the CFLP said.     It was the ninth straight month that the PMI reading stayed above 50.     A reading of above 50 suggests expansion, while one below 50 indicates contraction. The PMI includes a package of indices that measure economic performance.     Zhang Liqun, a researcher with the Development Research Center of the State Council, said the unchanged PMI index from the month before might suggest a stable recovery of China's economy.     He expected government investment would see gradual reduction, while investment from the private sector might increase. Exports would go up, but not in a drastic rise, he said.     In November, new order index and output index both held steady from figures in the previous month at 58.4 percent and 59.4 percent, respectively, according to the CFLP.     New export order index was 53.6 percent, down by 0.9 percentage points compared to November while purchasing price index rose by 6.5 percentage points to 63.4 percent.     Only three out of the 20 surveyed sectors reported a PMI index reading below 50, which were paper making and printing, oil processing, and beverages making.

COPENHAGEN, Dec. 17 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said on Thursday that China is not obliged to subject its voluntary climate action to international monitoring.     Wen made the remarks when meeting with some world leaders on the sidelines of the ongoing UN climate change conference in the Danish capital, Chinese Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei told reporters. The Bali Action Plan has clear stipulations regarding whether a country's mitigation action should be subject to international scrutiny, He Yafei quoted Wen as saying.     "For developing countries, only those mitigation actions supported internationally will be subject to the MRV. The voluntary mitigation actions should not be subject to international MRV," Wen said, referring to the scheme requiring national mitigation action to be "measurable, reportable and verifiable." Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (3rd, R) poses for a group photo with President of the Maldvies Mohammed Nasheed (3rd, L), Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina (2nd, L), Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (2nd, R), Grenadian Prime Minister Tillman Thomas (1st, R) and Sudanese Presidential Assistant Nafie Ali Nafie (1st, L) ahead of their meeting in Copenhagen, capital of Denmark, on Dec. 17, 2009.    Negotiators from more than 190 countries are running against time on Thursday to wrap up the 11-day talks, hoping to seal a deal to move forward the global fight against climate change before world leaders meet on Friday.     The Bali Action Plan, adopted by both developed and developing countries in 2007, lays down the basis for the current negotiations.     Disregarding what they have agreed, developed countries are trying to press China to accept international monitoring of its national mitigation action.     The United States said on Thursday it was prepared to join other rich countries in raising 100 billion U.S. dollars annually by 2020 to help developing countries combat climate change, but set a condition that emerging countries including China should accept international monitoring of its mitigation action. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) shakes hands with German Chancellor Angela Merkel in Copenhagen, Denmark, Dec. 17, 2009Wen said China's refusal of international monitoring does not mean the country is afraid of supervision.     "It is a matter of principle, the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities," Wen said.     As the climate change negotiations dragged on, Wen said the important thing is to take action.     "A dozen declarations are not worth one action, meaning action speaks louder than declaration," the premier said, calling for mutual trust.     "Mutual trust is extremely important. We should not go for suspicion. We should not go for confrontation. We should go for cooperation," he said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) shakes hands with British Prime Minister Gordon Brown in Copenhagen, Denmark, Dec. 17, 2009Wen said China will take necessary domestic measures to ensure full transparency and implementation of its national mitigation action.     "As Premier Wen has decided, the mitigation action we have set for China will be fully guaranteed legally, domestically," He Yafei said. "There would be a monitoring and verification regime inside China, which is legally binding in China."     The Chinese government recently announced a plan to reduce the per unit of GDP energy consumption by 20 percent till 2010, and it is poised to put the target into its national social and economic development plan.     Wen said China would also consider dialogue and cooperation with other countries, warning there should be no infringement on China's sovereignty.     "We promise to make our action transparent. We promise the implementation of action," Wen said. 

BEIJING, Dec. 26 (Xinhua) -- China's top legislature ended its five-day bimonthly session Saturday, approving tort liability and island protection laws and an amendment to the renewable energy law.     Wu Bangguo, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), told the closing meeting that the Tort Law was significant in "protecting civil rights and people's interests, preventing and punishing infringement acts, reducing conflicts and promoting social harmony and stability."     The top legislator said the amendment to the renewable energy law would "greatly promote a healthy and rapid development of the renewable energy sector and adjust energy structure to strengthen the building of an environment-friendly and resource-saving society."     The island protection law would play a key role in protecting islands' eco-system, rationally utilizing natural resources and safeguarding the country's marine rights, Wu said.     The session also examined two reports from the State Council on employment and boosting development of small and medium-sized enterprises.     It also voted to ratify a United Nations protocol to combat human trafficking -- the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.     The session also approved a pact on criminal judicial assistance between China and Malta.     It voted to appoint Han Changfu, former governor of northeastern Jilin Province, as agricultural minister.     The meeting also decided to open the annual plenary session of the NPC on March 5 next year. Wu Bangguo(C), chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) of China, the country's top legislature, addresses the 12th session of the 11th NPC Standing Committee in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 26, 2009.

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NANJING, Nov. 29 (Xinhua) -- China hopes the world's major reserve currency will maintain stable, said Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao here Sunday when meeting with three Euro Group leaders.     He was speaking with Euro Group President and Luxembourg Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker, European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet and European Union Economic and Monetary Affairs Commissioner Joaquin Almunia ahead of the 12th EU-China summit.     China has maintained the stability of the exchange rate of the Renminbi (RMB), making an important contribution to global financial stability and economic development, he said.     He said China will continue to enhance the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate, acting on its own initiative and in a controllable and gradual manner, and keep it basically stable at reasonable, balanced levels.     Juncker said the EU is willing to strengthen communication and coordination with China on monetary policies.

BEIJING, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- Jia Qinglin, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), on Tuesday urged political advisors to contribute their wisdom to China's social and economic development.     Political advisors should watch closely the domestic and international economic situations and problems that China had in the process of development and put forward wise and pragmatic solutions, Jia said.     He urged political advisors at all levels to carry out in-depth study on the key issues including macro-economic policy, environmental protection, public resource distribution and reform of the income system.     Jia made the remarks at a chairman's meeting of the CPPCC National Committee.

SHANGHAI, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- President Barack Obama said here Monday that the United States would further expand its youth exchanges with China by dramatically expanding the number of students studying here to 100,000.     Obama said during a dialogue with Chinese students in Shanghai Science and Technology Museum Monday afternoon that young people in China and U.S. are the best ambassadors and that cooperation between the countries should go beyond the governments.     "These exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help us determine the destiny of21st century," he said.     Shanghai was the first leg of Obama's maiden trip to China on Nov. 15-18 since he took office in January.     "I believe strongly that cooperation must grow beyond our government. It must be rooted in our people, in the studies we share, in the business we do, in the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports we play, and these bridges must be built by men and women just like you, and your counterparts in America," Obama told an audience of about 600 university students in Shanghai.     "I am absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people, for they just like you are filled with talent, energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.     "So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation between our two nations and the world," Obama said.     After delivering the opening remarks, Obama took questions from students as well as the Chinese online community, covering a wide range of topics such as Sino-U.S. cooperation, cross-Strait relations and anti-terrorism in the U.S..     The White House website Sunday posted a notice of Obama's meeting with Chinese youth, saying that holding the event in Shanghai was symbolic as the Shanghai Communiqué was announced here and helped pave the way for normalization and the first 30 years of formal diplomatic relations.     "If there is one thing we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward," Obama said in his speech.

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BEIJING, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- U.S. President Barack Obama arrived in Beijing Monday afternoon to continue a four-day state visit to China after meetings with officials and students in Shanghai. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping greeted him at the airport. U.S. President Barack Obama waves as he steps off Air Force One at the airport in Beijing, capital of China, on Nov. 16, 2009. Obama arrived here Monday afternoon to continue his four-day state visit to ChinaChinese Vice President Xi Jinping walks with U.S. President Barack Obama at the airport in Beijing, capital of China, on Nov. 16, 2009. Obama arrived here Monday afternoon to continue his four-day state visit to China    During his stay in Beijing, Obama is to meet with Chinese leaders and exchange views on bilateral relations and major international and regional issues of common concern. He will also visit the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, two of China's most cherished heritage sites. A child presents a bouquet to U.S. President Barack Obama as Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping gestures at the airport in Beijing, capital of China, on Nov. 16, 2009. Obama arrived here Monday afternoon to continue his four-day state visit to China. Obama arrived in Shanghai Sunday night, the first stop of his maiden trip to China since taking office in January. He met with Shanghai Party chief Yu Zhengsheng and had a dialogue with Chinese youth earlier Monday.     China is one leg of Obama's Asian tour, following his visit to Japan and Singapore. He is slated to leave Beijing for the Republic of Korea Wednesday afternoon. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping shakes hands with U.S. President Barack Obama at the airport in Beijing, capital of China, on Nov. 16, 2009. Obama arrived here Monday afternoon to continue his four-day state visit to ChinaU.S. President Barack Obama arrives at the airport in Beijing, capital of China, on Nov. 16, 2009. Obama arrived here Monday afternoon to continue his four-day state visit to China

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BEIJING, Nov. 26 (Xinhua) -- China will never swerve from its carbon emission cut target despite all pressure and difficulties, said a senior official Thursday evening. Xie Zhenhua, vice minister in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China's top economic planner, made the remarks at a press conference.     China's State Council, the Cabinet, announced Thursday that the country is going to reduce the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP in 2020 by 40 to 45 percent compared with the level of 2005.     This is a "voluntary action" taken by the Chinese government "based on our own national conditions" and "is a major contribution to the global effort in tackling climate change," the State Council said.     Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei also attended the press conference. "China made the emission cut target without financial and technological support from developed countries. This is not only for the country's own sustainable development, but also for the benefit of all the mankind," said He.     However, China is still hoping developed countries would take actions as soon as possible, He said, adding that the Bali Road Map has set binding targets and actions on emission cut, investment and technology for developed countries.     China faces huge pressure and special difficulties in controlling greenhouse gas emission, as the country has a large population and relatively low economic development level and is at a critical period to accelerate industrialization and urbanization, Xie said.     "It demands great courage for the government to announce such a target," said Yu Jie, an official in charge of Climate Group's policy and research. The Climate Group is a British-based non-governmental environmental organization.     As a developing country, China still faces various problems in both economic and social development, and it is not easy to make such a commitment, Yu said.     The announcement of China's carbon emission target has broken one of the deadlocks challenging the upcoming Copenhagen summit, she said. It is also an answer to President Hu Jintao's promise at the September United Nations climate summit in New York that China would cut emission intensity by "a notable margin" by 2020 from the 2005 level.     China's target is made after scientific research and calculations, combining the efforts to both tackle climate change and promote social and economic development, said Yao Yufang, professor at the Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). "Any party that asks China for higher cut is acting unreasonably."     China can and will achieve the target if the country endeavors to improve energy efficiency, promote the development of renewable energy and optimize industrial structure, Yao said.     "The country has set a specific quantitative target far beyond the Bali Road Map demands for developing countries, which reflects China's sincerity to make the Copenhagen summit successful and its commitment to tackle the climate change," said Pan Jiahua, director of the CASS Research Center for Urban Development and Environment.     Li Gao, an NDRC official and a key climate change negotiator representing the Chinese government, said Tuesday: "We will try to make the summit successful and we will not accept that it ends with an empty and so-called political declaration."

CAIRO, Nov. 6 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao arrived here Friday, starting a two-day official visit to Egypt preceding a top-level review of action to build China-Africa cooperation.     Egyptian Prime Minister Ahmed Nazef received Wen at the airport.     During his visit, Wen is scheduled to meet with Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and hold talks with Nazef. He will also meet with Arab League chief Amr Mussa, and deliver a speech at the Arab League headquarters in Cairo.     This is Wen's second official visit to Egypt. The first was in 2006, which marked the 50th anniversary of establishing diplomaticties between China and Egypt. Visiting Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao is greeted during a welcoming ceremony in Cairo, capital of Egypt, Nov. 6, 2009After his official visit to Egypt, Wen will attend the opening ceremony of the fourth ministerial meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh on Sunday.     Wen will also hold bilateral meetings with leaders of FOCAC member countries at Sharm el-Sheikh.     The FOCAC meeting, an important gathering after the Beijing Summit of the forum in November 2006, will review how the consensus of the Beijing Summit has been implemented.     It is also expected to adopt a declaration and an action plan for 2010-2012 to chart the path for further China-Africa cooperation.     Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi and Commerce Minister Chen Deming, as well as other senior officials, are accompanying Wen.