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BEIJING, June 25 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao raised a five-point proposal Thursday to advance the Sino-Turkish friendly and cooperative relationship to a higher level.     Hu put forward the proposal on promoting the Sino-Turkish partnership on the basis of mutual respect, mutual trust, equality and mutual benefit as well as common development, when talking with visiting Turkish President Abdullah Gul at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. China was willing to work with Turkey to strengthen political ties, said Hu, adding that the two governments should strengthen communication and coordination and support each other on important issues concerning their core interests.     Their legislatures and parties should continue to conduct multi-level exchanges, so as to promote understanding and friendship. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) shakes hands with visiting Turkish President Abdullah Gul during a welcoming ceremony for Gul at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, on June 25, 2009.    According to Hu, the other four points include expanding bilateral trade and economic cooperation, boosting cooperation to combat the "three evil forces" of terrorism, separatism and extremism and cross-border crimes, intensifying exchanges and cooperation in the fields of culture, education, tourism, mass media and public health, and maintaining multilateral cooperation to promote world harmony.     China is ready to strengthen communication and coordination with Turkey on the Middle East issue and combating pirates in the waters off Somalia and the Gulf of Aden, said Hu, noting that China also hoped to support and cooperate with Turkey in sustainable development and jointly dealing with the global challenges.     Hailing the long history of friendship between the Chinese and Turkish peoples, Hu said bilateral relations had made considerable achievements since the two countries forged diplomatic ties in 1971.     Hu said recent years had witnessed frequent high-level exchanges, increased mutual political trust, continuously enhanced cooperation and close coordination and collaboration in international and multilateral affairs.     China appreciated Turkey's adherence to the one-China policy and its support to China on the issues of Taiwan and Tibet, the president noted.     Gul said Turkey attached great importance to Turkish-Sino relations and spoke highly of China's achievements in its social and economic development and the significant role China played in international affairs.     Turkey was willing to strengthen political relations with China and boost cooperation related to finance, tourism, culture, infrastructure construction and science and technology, said Gul.     There was great promise for bilateral economic and trade cooperation, said Gul, stressing that Turkey seeks to further strengthen trade exchanges with China and expects more Chinese enterprises to make investments there.     Sino-Turkish trade was 12.6 billion U.S. dollars in 2008, up 6.8 percent year on year, and 8.6 billion U.S. dollars in China's favor, according to the Ministry of Commerce.     Gul also reiterated Turkey's adherence to the one-China policy and expressed the hope that it could enhance coordination with China in the United Nations and other multilateral organizations and cement cooperation in combating terrorism.     After the meeting, the two leaders witnessed the signing of seven bilateral documents on cooperation in foreign affairs, energy, cultural heritage, mass media and trade finance.     Gul arrived here on Wednesday, kicking off a six-day state visit to China as Hu's guest.

BEIJING, June 1 (Xinhua) -- As millions of Chinese children celebrated Children's Day Monday, Premier Wen Jiabao shared a light moment with 100 young students invited to his office in downtown Beijing.     In two hours squeezed from tight schedule, Wen danced, sang and chatted with the children from all over the country. He encouraged the youngsters to study hard, and to grow up well-educated with loving hearts.     "It is love that brings you together and here today. I hope you understand what love is, how to cherish love and learn to love others," the 67-year-old premier, also a grandfather, told the excited children. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C) attends a celebration with children for the International Children's Day in Beijing, capital of China, June 1, 2009The outing resulted from an initiative of Beijing's Zhongguancun No. 3 Primary School, which raised funds through student charity work to sponsor visits by children from other parts of China to the national capital on Children's Day.     More than 70 children, belonging to 55 ethnic groups, were invited from 18 provinces and autonomous regions. In a letter to Wen, they asked if they could meet him.     Their wish came true on Monday when they arrived at Zhongnanhai, the central leadership's compound near the Forbidden City in central Beijing. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (2nd R Front) receives a calligraphy work presented by a child during a celebration of the International Children's Day in Beijing, capital of China, June 1, 2009. Smiling Wen received a gift from the children -- a red scarf usually worn by the Young Pioneers. He showed the children an office used by Premier Zhou Enlai before he died in 1976, where the children recited an article in their textbook describing how the widely-respected statesman was dedicated to his work.     At an auditorium specially decorated with children's paintings, balloons and greeting cards, Wen listened attentively as the children discussed their trip to Beijing.     Sangye Lhamo, from Medog County in southwestern Tibet Autonomous Region, attracted the premier's attention because he knew Medog was China's only county without paved roads. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C) views the children's drawings during a celebration of the International Children's Day in Beijing, capital of China, June 1, 2009. "You must come from the remotest place compared with other kids here. How did you make it?" Wen asked.     Sangye Lhamo said they spent 10 days traveling, trekking over snow-capped mountains.     Wen said he hoped Sangye Lhamo's trip to Beijing would not be so hard in future, "because the government will build a road to your hometown from Lhasa (Tibet's capital) soon."     Shan Danleng's hometown, Leigu in Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, was devastated by the magnitude 8 earthquake on May 12 last year. But she told Wen that she and her schoolmates had moved into new classrooms last month, with the support of loving people. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C) leads the children for a tour of the Zhongnanhai leadership compound during a celebration of the International Children's Day in Beijing, capital of China, June 1, 2009."Today we gather here like a big family. It's all because of love," Wen said. "I hope you will learn to love your parents, your hometowns and your country. With love we can unite together to build a better future for our motherland."     He also told accompanying teachers and officials to use the true, the good and the beautiful as principles in education.     The young visitors each left with a Chinese language dictionary and a set of Chinese literary classics, all autographed by Wen.

BEIJING, May 5 (Xinhua) -- With the influenza A/H1N1 already spreading to more than 20 countries and regions, China is taking swift actions to keep the deadly virus at bay, while both the world health body and the country itself have defended the strict quarantine policies the government has adopted. Passengers of T98 train go through customs at Beijing West Railway Station in Beijing, capital of China, May 5, 2009. T98 train connecting Kowloon and Beijing arrived here Tuesday. This was the first arrival of a train from Hong Kong in Beijing since the first human influenza A/H1N1 case was confirmed in Hong Kong, south China, on May 1.CABINET DECISION     The country will continue to impose strict medical examinations and follow-up checks on travelers from flu-affected countries and regions to prevent influenza A/H1N1, the State Council (cabinet) said here Tuesday.     Vehicles and cargo from flu-affected countries and regions will be disinfected, it said in a statement after a meeting presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao.     The central government will allot 5 billion yuan (725 million U.S. dollars) for flu prevention and control, it said.     The government will also step up research of vaccines and medicines, including alternative treatments of traditional Chinese medicine, according to the statement.     The mainland will cooperate with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and China will provide financial and technical support for countries and regions that need assistance, the statement said.     The agriculture authorities would tighten monitoring of pig farms, slaughterhouses and livestock markets, it said. 　　CANADIAN STUDENTS QUARANTINED     China defended on Tuesday its quarantine of 25 Canadian students in Changchun, capital of northeastern Jilin Province, saying it was in accordance with law and the Canadians had assented to it. Mexicans board a chartered plane in Shanghai, east China, May 5, 2009. A Mexican chartered plane carried 43 quarantined Mexicans and 34 others back to Mexico Tuesday. Those on the plane included 43 crew members and passengers on board the AM098 and 34 others who worked and lived in China but were not under quarantine. The passengers were quarantined after one Mexican passenger was diagnosed with the influenza A/H1N1 on board flight AM098 from Mexico to Shanghai. Other six Mexican passengers volunteered to stay in the city and live under quarantineThe students began a seven-day quarantine period at a hotel on May 2 when they arrived, the same day that Canada confirmed 51 cases of A/H1N1 epidemic infection, said Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu.     Canada has recorded up to 140 cases of A/H1N1 flu by Tuesday, the third-highest figure following Mexico and the United States.     Ma said the quarantine was in line with the Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Frontier Health and Quarantine Law of China.     The students were being well treated, and the authorities had made favorable arrangements for their residence, food and health care.     None of the students showed any signs of illness and they were satisfied with the situation, said Ma.     The local government had informed the Canadian embassy in China of the quarantine on May 3, and the two countries had been in close contact regarding the virus, he said. Ambulances carrying Mexican nationals head for the Pudong international airport in Shanghai, east China, May 5, 2009. A Mexican chartered plane carried 43 quarantined Mexicans and 34 others back to Mexico Tuesday. Those on the plane included 43 crew members and passengers on board the AM098 and 34 others who worked and lived in China but were not under quarantine. The passengers were quarantined after one Mexican passenger was diagnosed with the influenza A/H1N1 on board flight AM098 from Mexico to Shanghai. Other six Mexican passengers volunteered to stay in the city and live under quarantineCHARTERED FLIGHTS BETWEEN CHINA, MEXICO     A total of 79 Chinese citizens left Mexico City early Tuesday aboard a chartered flight sent by the Chinese government. The plane took off from international airport Benito Juarez at about 3:05 a.m. local time (0805 GMT), heading towards Tijuana, northern city on the U.S.-Mexico border, to lift 20 more Chinese before returning to China.     But due to bad weather, the had to land in Los Angeles, the flight operator said. The plane landed in Los Angeles at around 9p.m. (6 a.m. local time, 1300 GMT), China Southern Airlines said, adding it depends on the weather as to when the plane will leave for Tijuana.     China sent the chartered flight after an agreement with Mexico, the epicenter of the A/H1N1 flu outbreak, to send chartered flights to each other's countries to bring back their stranded nationals.     The aircraft Boeing 777-200 is expected to return to Shanghai at 10 a.m. Wednesday local time (0200 GMT), its operator Guangzhou-based China Southern Airlines said.     China suspended direct flights from Mexico to Shanghai since Saturday after a 25-year-old Mexican man, who arrived in Shanghai Thursday aboard flight Aeromexico 098, was later diagnosed with A/H1N1 flu in Hong Kong. A medical staff member walks past ambulances carrying Mexican nationals in Shanghai, east China, May 5, 2009. A Mexican chartered plane carried 43 quarantined Mexicans and 34 others back to Mexico Tuesday. Those on the plane included 43 crew members and passengers on board the AM098 and 34 others who worked and lived in China but were not under quarantine. The passengers were quarantined after one Mexican passenger was diagnosed with the influenza A/H1N1 on board flight AM098 from Mexico to Shanghai. Other six Mexican passengers volunteered to stay in the city and live under quarantineAlso on Tuesday, a Mexican chartered plane arrived at the Shanghai Pudong International Airport on Tuesday to pick up the quarantined Mexicans who had been on the same flight with the victim.     Andres Pena, vice consul-general of Mexico in Shanghai, said those who got on the plane included 43 crew and passengers on board the AM098 and 34 others, who worked and lived in China but were not under quarantine. 　　WHO DEFENDING QUARANTINE     The Mexican government on Monday complained China's decision to quarantine the Mexican nationals in China.     However, World Health Organization (WHO) flu chief Keiji Fukudasaid quarantines were a "long-established principle" that make sense in the early phases of an outbreak.     "There are other countries that are taking similar actions like China, so I don't think China is standing out in this respect," said Dr. Hans Troedsson, WHO representative in China.     Wen Li, a Chinese citizen, who is under quarantine in Beijing, said she was called by disease control staff at midnight on Saturday to be placed under quarantine because she was a passenger on the AM098 flight.     "I think the quarantine is necessary and responsible for everybody, regardless of nationality," said the woman, adding that her quarantine is expected to end Wednesday evening or Thursday. 　　MASKS IN STRONG DEMAND     The ongoing worldwide A/H1N1 flu scare has led to strong demand for masks at the ongoing 105th China Import and Export Fair, also Canton Fair.     "Customers came to our booth, putting their hands on mouth to signal that they want to buy masks. There are so many customers that we are running out of stock," said Li Yan, saleswoman of Conghua Puyuan Health Articles Factory in southern China's Guangdong Province, Tuesday.     Business people from across the world gathered at booths selling medicine and health material at the fair. It was even more crowded at booths selling masks and thermometers.     Fuzelong, a Guangzhou-based medical material company, said they have won orders for 3 million masks over the past three days, compared with no more than 500,000 masks during previous fairs.     The traditional Chinese medicine, which doctors say will help protect people from flu virus, also drew attention. Qi Haidong, manager of a Guangzhou-based pharmaceutical company, said the Chinese herbal medicine for treating colds Radix Isatidis sold well.     MAN NABBED FOR SELLING FAKE DRUG     There are other people who want to cash in on people's fear over the killer flu. Chinese border police Tuesday arrested a man for selling fake influenza A/H1N1 medicine to foreign ship crews in Shanghai.     The man, a rural migrant worker from central China's Hunan Province was found to have sold so called "miracle" medicine to foreign crews at the Shanghai port.     If any foreign crew members showed flu symptoms, they should see doctors rather than believe some so-called "miracle" medicine, police said

翡翠冰胶和高冰哪个好

BEIJING, July 1 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping on Wednesday urged Party members to better facilitate their daily work by applying their knowledge and enhanced research ability obtained at a top Party school.     Xi, also president of the Party School of the Communist Party of China(CPC) Central Committee, made the remarks Wednesday in a meeting with representatives of officials who are in the school for advanced studies and training. Wednesday marks the CPC's 88th birthday. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (R), member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau, member of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and also president of the Party School of CPC Central Committee, shakes hands with representatives of the Party school students in Beijing, China, on July 1, 2009. Xi held a meeting with representatives of officials who are in the Party school for advanced studies and training here on Wednesday.    He called for Party schools to embrace strictness in school administration and management so as to guarantee quality teaching.     Students of the Party school were mostly leaders and shouldered great responsibilities, he said, urging them to gain more knowledge, enhance their ability and cultivate their working style through the training and study at the school.

BEIJING, May 6 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank said Wednesday the economy is doing "better than expected" in the first quarter, and pledged to maintain "ample" liquidity in the financial system for economic recovery.     China would stick to its moderately easy monetary policy and ensure "ample" liquidity at banks, the People's Bank of China (PBoC) said in its quarterly monetary policy report posted on its website.     The country has pumped 4.58 trillion yuan (670 billion U.S. dollars) of new loans into the economy in the first quarter to stimulate growth.     The figure is already nearing 5 trillion yuan of new loans targeted for the whole year. In March alone, new loans increased by a record 1.89 trillion yuan.     The country's financial institutions and enterprises would digest the huge amount of new loans in the following months, the report said.     Industry insiders have said credit extended by China's banks in April may have dropped to above 600 billion yuan after staying at above 1 trillion yuan for three straight months.     The central bank said new lending from commercial banks focused on government-backed projects. It encourages more bank loans to be channeled to small and medium-sized enterprises as they play an important role in the national economy and in increasing employment.     The central bank said in the first-quarter monetary policy report it would continue to instruct financial institutions to extend new loans, despite the earlier surge.     The pick-up in bank lending is conducive to stabilize the financial market and boosting market confidence, PBoC said. Meanwhile, the bank urged lenders to improve credit quality to avoid a possible rebound in bad loans.     There have been "positive changes" in the economy in the first quarter, the bank said, echoing remarks made by Premier Wen Jiabao last month.     The quarter-on-quarter growth is improving, compared to the fourth quarter of last year, it said, without giving specific figures.     China's economy expanded 6.1 percent in the first quarter, the lowest pace in 10 years and down from 9 percent in the fourth quarter last year.     The central bank also said foundations for the recovery are not solid, as uncertainties in external economies still exist and private investment is yet to become active with new lending concentrated on government projects.     In listing uncertainties ahead, the bank said the country still has to battle against the financial crisis that is unfolding and a collapse in external demand that is hurting exports.     The country is also under great pressure to create enough jobs and from a slower growth in residents' income, which would suppress future consumption, it said.     The bank also warned overcapacity and insufficient demand may drive prices lower in the country with the world economy in a downturn.     But it also said continued falls in prices may become less likely along with the world recovery, a turnaround in the national economy and fast credit growth.     "Prices of primary products and assets may rebound quickly once investor confidence is restored, as the global credit is relatively loose thanks to injection of liquidity and stimulus packages across the world," the bank said.     The central bank also said it was concerned that the extraordinary monetary policy adopted by other major economies would result in inflation risks.     It referred to the quantitative easing policy adopted by the U.S., Japan, Britain and Switzerland to pump cash into their economies.     The quantitative easing policy meant increasing currency supply through purchasing mid- and long-term treasury bonds after central banks cut interests rates to near zero.     The extraordinary monetary policy harbored huge risks for international financial markets and the global economy, said the central bank.     It would increase the risk of global inflation, said the central bank, suggesting it would create new assets bubbles and inflation if central banks of major economies failed to mop up thehuge liquidity when the global economy recovered.     "A policy mistake made by some major central banks would put the whole world in risk of inflation," it said.     The quantitative easing policy would also make exchange rates of major currencies more volatile, according to the report.     The central bank cited the U.S. move to purchase treasury bond in March as an example, saying although the dollar had appreciated against other major currencies, it fell after the purchase.     PBoC said the policy would leave the bond markets subject to fluctuations.     It said massive purchase of mid- and long-term treasury bonds may keep yield at a low level. But in the long run, as the financial markets returned to stability and the economy recovered, inflation expectations would grow, interest rates would rise, and bond prices would adjust sharply, according to the report.

BEIJING, June 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao left Beijing Sunday for the annual summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the first meeting of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) leaders in Russia's Ural city of Yekaterinburg.     He will then pay a state visit Russia followed by state visits to Slovakia and Croatia from June 18 to June 20.     Hu's visits to the three nations are at the invitation of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, Slovak President Ivan Gasparovic and Croatian President Stjepan Mesic.     Hu's delegation includes Ling Jihua, member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and director of General Office of the CPC Central Committee; Wang Huning, member of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and director of Policy Research Office of the CPC Central Committee; State Councilor Dai Bingguo; Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi; minister of the National Development and Reform Commission Zhang Ping; Minister of Commerce Chen Deming; Minister of Culture Cai Wu; Vice Foreign Minister Li Hui; Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei and Director of the President's Office Chen Shiju.

翡翠 的简介

MOSCOW, April 27 (Xinhua) -- Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said here Monday that he was satisfied and pleased with the smooth development of strategic partnership of cooperation with China.     Medvedev said during his meeting with visiting Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi that he was looking forward to the upcoming state visit of his Chinese counterpart Hu Jintao, whom he has held a "successful" meeting with on the sidelines of the G20 London Summit. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev (L) meets with visiting Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi in Moscow on April 27, 2009.Based on this year's 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia, Medvedev said the two countries shall review outcomes and look ahead for future development of bilateral relations.     Against the backdrop of the ongoing global financial crisis, Russia, together with China, will increase top-level visits, expand cooperation in all aspects such as economy, trades and humanities, and closely collaborate on combating the financial crisis, as well as on international and regional issues, said Medvedev. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev (1st L) meets with visiting Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi (1st R) in Moscow on April 27, 2009The upcoming state visit of President Hu to Russia is of vital importance to further advancement of China-Russian strategic partnership of cooperation under new circumstances, said Yang. Currently an all-round, rapid development of the strategic partnership between the two countries is underway, he said.     China will make great efforts along with Russia, to fulfill in all aspects the major consensus reached between the two leaders during the London summit, further enhance strategic cooperation, deepen practical cooperation in all fields, and continuously promote the China-Russian strategic partnership of cooperation.     Yang, arriving at Moscow on Sunday, also met with Russian Federation Council Speaker Sergei Mironov on Monday.

BEIJING, June 6 (Xinhua) -- Most parts of China would experience cold weather and precipitation during the next week, forecast of the country's central observatory said Saturday.     Northeastern parts of China were to embrace lower weather and scattered precipitation during the period, which would help ease the drought plagued the region, said the National Meteorological Center.     Moderate or heavy rains would sweep most parts of south China. Some regions south to the Yangtze River and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region would experience rain storm or strong convective weather.People walk on the street in Hefei, east China's Anhui Province, June 5, 2009. A heavy rain cooled the hot weather in Hefei on Friday eveningOn Sunday, most parts of Sichuan Province, western and northern Chongqing, southwestern Yunnan and Guangdong provinces would be hit by heavy rain or rainstorm. Strong convective weather was to hit these regions, resulting in strong wind, thunder storm or hails.     According to statistics of the Ministry of Civil Affairs Friday, storms sweeping five provinces in central and east China killed 27people and damaged more than 341,000 hectares of crops.

金牛水管绿翡翠和黄翡翠的区别

BEICHUAN, Sichuan, May 10 (Xinhua) -- The quake-devastated Beichuan county seat in southwest China's Sichuan Province reopened Sunday to residents to mourn the dead ahead of the first anniversary of the disaster.     Some 21,000 people, or two-thirds of the county seat's population, were dead or missing in the 8.0-magnitude earthquake on May 12 last year, making the county the worst hit in the quake.     The county will be open for four days till Wednesday.     Mourners brought flowers, incense and candles and set off firecrackers in the ruins of former bus stations, county government buildings and homes. The police distributed bottled water to the crowd for free. A mother mourns for her child who was only 67 days old when killed in last year's May 12 earthquake in Beichuan, the hardest-hit area in the disaster, in southwest China's Sichuan Province, on May 10, 2009. Parents who lost their children came back to Beichuan as the first anniversary of the disaster approaches"I come here today to tell my mom that dad, sister and I will live a better life. I miss her and I will often come to see her," said Zheng Chengrong, a student who returned from a vocational college in Mianyang City and dedicated flowers to her mother.     Zheng's younger sister studies at Beichuan Middle School, where more than 1,000 students were dead or missing in the quake. Construction of the new school will begin on May 12.     "I wish my sister can study hard to enter the senior high school. My mom would be very happy then if she knew that," Zheng said.     Cheng Piyi and Huang Guiqiong, a couple who lost their daughter, brought their 16-month son to Beichuan. A mother mourns for her child who was killed in last year's May 12 earthquake in Beichuan, a hardest-hit area in the disaster, in southwest China's Sichuan Province, on May 10, 2009. Parents who lost their children came back to Beichuan as the first anniversary of the disaster approaches."We wish she could see the flowers," Cheng said. "When our son grows up, we will tell him that he had a sister who liked him very much."     The town has been closed since May 20 last year. It reopened to former residents during Qingming, or tomb-sweeping day, in April.     A new county seat will be built 23 km from the former one. The new town is expected to have 58,000 residents in 2010 and 110,000 in 2020.

WASHINGTON, April 22 (Xinhua) -- The International Monetary Fund on Wednesday warned that the global economy was in "a severe recession" and the world output is projected to decline 1.3 percent this year, the deepest global recession since the Great Depression in 1930s.     "The global economy is in a severe recession inflicted by a massive financial crisis and acute loss of confidence," said the IMF in its latest World Economic Outlook report. "All corners of the globe are being affected." 　　EPICENTER OF CRISIS     According to the report, the world economy is projected to decline by 1.3 percent in 2009 as a whole and to recover only gradually in 2010, growing by 1.9 percent.     "Achieving this turnaround will depend on stepping up efforts to heal the financial sector, while continuing to support demand with monetary and fiscal easing," said the IMF.     The advanced economies experienced an unprecedented 7.5 percent decline in real GDP during the fourth quarter of 2008, and output is estimated to have continued to fall almost as fast during the first quarter of 2009, according to the report.     Although the U.S. economy may have suffered most from intensified financial strains and the continued fall in the housing sector, western Europe and advanced Asia have been hit hard by the collapse in global trade, as well as by rising financial problems of their own and housing corrections in some national markets.     Emerging economies are suffering badly and contracted 4 percent in the fourth quarter in the aggregate.     The United States, at the center of an intensifying global financial storm, will contract by 2.8 percent this year, said the IMF, adding that "the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression has pushed the United States into a severe recession."     Meanwhile, the euro zone economy will shrink by 4.2 percent this year and fall a further 0.4 percent in 2010, the IMF said, criticizing the bloc for weak public policy responses and coordination.     In Japan, the IMF expects 2009 output to fall 6.2 percent, far worse than its January forecast for a 2.6 percent decline.     China is expected to slow to about 6.5 percent this year, half the 13 percent growth rate recorded pre-crisis in 2007 but still a strong performance given the global context, according to the IMF.     UNCERTAIN OUTLOOK     The IMF warned the financial crisis remains acute. "The financial market stabilization will take longer than previously envisaged, even with strong efforts by policymakers," it said.     Thus, financial strains in the mature markets are projected to remain heavy until well into 2010, and overall credit to the private sector in the advanced economies is expected to decline in both 2009 and 2010.     Meanwhile, emerging and developing economies are expected to face greatly curtailed access to external financing in both years.     In a semi-annual report Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR), which was released on Monday, the IMF said write-down on U.S.-originated assets to be suffered by all holders will be 2.7 trillion dollars, "largely as a result of the worsening base-case scenario for economic growth."     Total expected write-downs on global exposures are estimated at about 4 trillion dollars, of which two-thirds will fall on banks and the remainder on insurance companies, pension funds, hedge funds, and other intermediaries.     In the latest World Economic Outlook report, the IMF warned that the current outlook is exceptionally uncertain, with risks weighed to the downside.     The crisis has hurt international trade, with volume expected to plunge 11 percent this year before eking out 0.6 percent growth in 2010.     Consumer prices in developed countries were under pressure and would fall 0.2 percent in 2009.     "Even once the crisis is over, there will be a difficult transition period, with output growth appreciably below rates seen in the recent past," said the IMF.     BOLD POLICY     The IMF called for its members to take new bold policy stimulus to jump-start their economies.     "This difficult and uncertain outlook argues for forceful action on both the financial and macroeconomic policy fronts," said the IMF.     Past episodes of financial crisis have shown that delays in tackling the underlying problem mean an even more protracted economic downturn and even greater costs, both in terms of taxpayer money and economic activity.     "Policymakers must be mindful of the cross-border ramifications of policy choices," said the IMF. "Initiatives that support trade and financial partners will help support global demand, with shared benefits."     In advanced economies, scope for easing monetary policy further should be used aggressively to counter deflation risks.     Although policy rates are already near the zero floor in many countries, whatever policy room remains should be used quickly, according to the IMF.     Emerging economies also need to ease monetary conditions to respond to the deteriorating outlook.     However, in many of those economies, the task of central banks is further complicated by the need to sustain external stability in the face of highly fragile financing flows, the IMF warned.     The 185-member organization also warned against the rising protectionism.     "Greater international cooperation is needed to avoid exacerbating cross-border strains," said the IMF. "Coordination and collaboration is particularly important with respect to financial policies to avoid adverse international spillovers from national actions."     "A slide toward trade and financial protectionism would be hugely damaging to all, a clear warning from the experience of 1930s beggar-thy-neighbor policies," it warned.