小说扶桑忍之消解与重构

纪委书记的年终述廉报告

BEIJING, March 15 (Xinhua) -- China's advertisement sector generated 189.96 billion yuan (27.78 billion U.S. dollars) of revenue in 2008, up 9.11 percent over the previous year, China's State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC) said Sunday.     The revenue from TV commercials reached 50.15 billion yuan, an increase of 13.22 percent over the previous year. It accounted for26.4 percent of the total, the largest share of the market.     Income from newspaper advertisements rose 6.36 percent from a year ago to 34.27 billion yuan in 2008.     The number of foreign-funded advertisement companies in China soared 27.73 percent from the previous year to 737 by the end of 2008, which accounted for 0.4 percent of the total advertisement firms across the country, according to the SAIC.

BEIJING, April 8 (Xinhua) -- China and Venezuela agreed here Wednesday to step up cooperation in fields such as energy, agriculture, and high technology and take joint actions in the face of the global financial crisis.     The agreement was reached in a meeting between Chinese President Hu Jintao and his visiting Venezuelan counterpart Hugo Chavez. The Chinese Foreign Ministry said the two exchanged in-depth views on bilateral relations and other issues of common concern and reached an important consensus.     Hu highlighted the robust growth of bilateral relations during the meeting, saying that China was satisfied with the positive outcomes from bilateral economic and technological cooperation, progress made on some key projects and close coordination on international and regional issues. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) meets with Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, on April 8, 2009    Hu also suggested the two nations should work closer and boost the various pragmatic cooperation, which would not only help resolve the impact from the international financial crisis, but also be conducive to laying a solid foundation for the long-term development of Sino-Venezuelan relations.     China highly values its ties with Venezuela and will join hands with the Venezuelan side to make efforts to push forward the bilateral strategic partnership to a higher level, Hu said.     Echoing Hu's views on bilateral relations, Chavez also applauded the progress made on bilateral cooperation in energy, agriculture, industry and technology.     He especially mentioned the successful launch and delivery of Venezuela's first telecommunication satellite thanks to cooperation with China.     Chavez noted that the world order is undergoing a profound change and China already played a significant and positive role in an effort to address the challenges posed by the international economic turmoil.     Venezuela is willing to cement its cooperation with China in such a new international context, the Venezuelan president added.     As Hu's guest, Chavez arrived in Beijing on Tuesday night for a three-day working visit.     He will also meet Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping during the visit, which is his sixth to China.

RIYADH, Feb. 10 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao met Saudi Arabian King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz here Tuesday on deepening the two countries' friendship and cooperation.     Hu arrived here earlier in the day at the start of his "journey of friendship and cooperation" to Saudi Arabia and four African countries.     In a written statement issued upon his arrival, Hu said he would exchange views with the king on China-Saudi Arabia ties and global and regional issues of common concern, including ways of addressing the international financial crisis.     Since China and Saudi Arabia established diplomatic ties in 1990, bilateral relations have developed steadily, with increasing exchange of visits at different levels and expanding cooperation in various sectors. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L front) and Saudi Arabian King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz (R front) walk into the venue of their meeting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Feb. 10, 2009. Saudi Arabia is now China's largest trading partner in West Asia and North Africa. In 2008, two-way trade between China and Saudi Arabia amounted to 41.8 billion U.S. dollars.     During the visit, President Hu will also meet Abdul Rahman Al-Attiya, secretary general of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC), to discuss cooperation between China and GCC member countries.     From Riyadh, Hu will travel on to Mali, Senegal, Tanzania and Mauritius.     Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu told reporters last week that Hu's visit was aimed at further strengthening China's friendship and cooperation with these countries.     "It is believed that the visit will promote the in-depth development of China-Saudi Arabia strategic friendly relations and China-Africa new strategic partnership and further consolidate the China-Africa traditional friendship," said Jiang. 

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GENEVA, April 14 (Xinhua) -- Switzerland and China will soon sign a formal agreement on enhancing their cooperation in the field of sustainable water management and hazard prevention, the Swiss government said on Tuesday.     Federal Councilor and Environment Minister Moritz Leuenberger will make his first official visit to China on April 16 to sign this agreement, according to a government statement.     During his five-day visit, Leuenberger will also hold official discussions with Chinese Minister of Water Resources Chen Lei, attend the third Yangtze Forum and visit the Three Gorges Dam, the statement said.     Due to their mountainous regions, Switzerland and China face similar natural hazards, according to the statement.     At the same time, both countries harness their hydropower and are faced with the question of river basin management, which is likely to become more pressing due to climate change, it added.

LIAOYUAN, Jilin Province, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) -- From March to September last year, 48-year-old Li Guizhi visited the detention house of the Liaoyuan City in northwestern Jilin Province five times, asking detainees whether they had been tortured.     Her question list also included: "Do you know you have the right to ask lawyers?", "Do you have enough food every day?", "Are you taken to see a doctor when you are not well?".     Li, a community director of the Nankang Street of the Longshan District of Liaoyuan, was in her spare time a public inspector of detention houses. It means she could randomly select time to visit local jails and randomly choose detainees to talk to.     She was also entitled to inspect the jails' condition and examine the jails' records so as to ensure that custody procedures were in line with the law and detainees were not treated inhumanely.     As the first pilot city of the detention inspection system in China, Liaoyuan had 20 public inspectors like Li. They were doctors, teachers, entrepreneurs, civil servants or community workers. Meanwhile, they were either local legislators, political advisors or "people's supervisors", a voluntary post to oversee jurisdiction. They were recommended to be selected as public inspectors thanks to their legislation or public working experience.     These inspectors who had received legal training would put forward proposals for improvements after each tour of the detention house which, therefore, would be obliged to ameliorate its living or working conditions accordingly.     This year, the pilot program continued to be unfolded in Jinzhong of northern Shanxi Province and Zhang Jiagang of eastern Jiangsu Province. More cities would be added to the list.     The Research Center of Litigation System and Judicial Reform under the Beijing-based Renmin University of China was the organizer of the program in China.     Sponsored by the European Union, the program was part of a package of cooperation agreements in political, legal, cultural and economic fields. Legal cooperation between China and Europe covers areas such as the death penalty, anti-torture and professional training of judges and prosecutors.     Chen Weidong, a professor with the Renmin University who was in charge of the program, told Xinhua that treatment of detainees, to some extent, reflected the level of protection of the public's rights and interests.     "Through the introduction of public supervision, which is more independent, to oversee the detention place exercising its power, the system is conducive to ensuring that prisoners are treated in accordance with the law," he said.     China signed the United Nations Convention against Torture in Dec. 1986 which ensured that torture was a criminal offence. "Parties must promptly investigate any allegation of torture, and victims of torture must have an enforceable right to compensation," it said.     In addition, the UN passed in 2002 the Optional Protocol to the Convention, which encourages the establishment of an international inspection system for places of detention.     Currently, more than 20 countries, mainly European nations, have set up the system. Many other developed countries, including the United States, have not established such a system.     According to the Chinese law, law makers and political advisors were entitled to patrol detention places, reflecting parliament's and political advisory bodies' supervision over administrative organs.     Over the past few years, Chinese procuratorates had set up the "people's supervisor" system, in a bid to prevent injustice amid law execution. Most procuratorates of the country had selected people's supervisors.     However, the Supreme People's Procuratorate statistics show Chinese procuratorates punished 930 government workers in 2006 who illegally took people into custody and extorted confessions by torture.     Chen said in the past, supervision was mainly institutional, such as recording and videotaping, and asking lawyers to be present, when interrogating suspects.     "Public supervision, which we currently advocate, enables the public to gain a close and independent observance of the detention places, the result of which is more convincing and can help improve China's image in protecting human rights," he added.     Chen said the inspection system examined many factors, ranging from living conditions of detention places to the fulfillment of various legal rights and interests.     "It neither depends on high-tech equipment nor is confined to the number of legal workers or the time of working, so it can be promoted in any region with any economic situation," he added.     However, a survey about the pilot program, conducted by the Renmin University, showed that detectives generally opposed to the system, saying inspection activities in detention places would "disturb their working plans and easily allow detainees refuse to confess".     Many lawyers believed the "independent" inspection should be worthy of the name, which means detention house staff should be absent when inspectors talked to detainees. It could alleviate detainees' pressure.     TO BE PROMOTED NATIONWIDE     As a main propeller of the program in Liaoyuan, Wang Wensheng, the chief procurator of the Liaoyuan People's Procuratorate, admitted, "All reform will face resistance, risks and blame."     Chen said local officials' open-mindedness and achievements of local judicial reform was considered as key factors in selecting pilot cities. Liaoyuan was an outstanding example.     The first phase of the program, which started as early as 2006,ended last year. The second phase, with Jinzhong and Zhang Jiagang cities added to the list, aimed to find out if the system would be feasible in the country's hinterland and economically prosperous regions.     The project team hoped the system, which was considered as an innovation of China's judicial reform, could be promoted nationwide, but no timetable could be set at the moment. The project was scheduled to end in 2012.     Cheng Lei, a member of the project group and a post doctorate with the law institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said, "Hopefully, the system can be extended to other parts of the country through legislation. Provincial legislation is easier, such as a law on detention place inspection system in northwestern Jilin Province."     Li Guizhi, the Liaoyuan public inspector, said she felt a great honor when becoming an inspector.     "Such voluntary work, without any payment, should convey a message to the world that China's efforts against torture is in line with international practice," she said.

BEIJING, March 5 (Xinhua) -- The international press has given extensive coverage to Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's government work report at the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) which started on Thursday, and praised China's persisted target of 8 percent annual economic growth in the face of the world financial crisis.     The French-based AFP reported that despite the turbulence and recession of the world economy, "Wen forecast China can sustain eight percent economic growth in 2009, boosting hopes China's export-driven economy will cope with the crisis."     "Asian markets rallied for a second day after Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Thursday reaffirmed his government's growth aims, triggering gains across the region in China-related stocks," it reported.     On Thursday, the benchmark Nikkei-225 climbed 142.53 points to 7,433.49, up 1.95 percent.     The British news agency Reuters said: "Premier Wen Jiabao assured on Thursday that China will achieve 8 percent growth this year despite a deepening financial crisis, setting out export support and spending programs to shore up the economy."     Wen said China's budget deficit this year will reach 950 billion yuan (140 billion dollars), and though he did not announce fresh economic stimulus, his assurances helped extend a rally in Asian markets, Reuters reported.     The U.S.-based Associated Press (AP) said: "China rolled out an aggressive government spending program on Thursday, promising ramped-up outlays for infrastructure and social programs to ward off the global economic downturn and forestall unrest."     The German Press Agency (dpa) said China seeks to bolster the economy against the effects of a global slowdown.     China announced a record annual budget deficit of 950 billion yuan (140 billion dollars), but Wen stressed that the deficit was below 3 percent of China's gross domestic product (GDP), remaining "within the acceptable range of what our overall national strength can bear and is therefore safe," dpa said.     The Financial Times said Premier Wen pointed out that the international environment is becoming more complex and the financial crisis is further deepening. But China will meet its goal of 8 percent economic growth as long as the Chinese government establishes right policies, takes proper measures and pushes for effective implementation.     Both the Financial Times and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) reported that the ongoing meetings of the NPC and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) drove up international stock markets on Wednesday, saying the Chinese economy has become a favorable factor for bourses around the globe.     The Daily Telegraph said the economic stimulus plan announced by China last year concentrated on infrastructure, but Wen stressed the need to care about the healthcare and social insurance systems, especially in rural regions.     The Swedish Broadcasting Corporation said Wen pinpointed China's target of 8 percent growth in his report, and expounded the importance to increase employment and control the registered urban unemployment rate at under 4.6 percent.     New Zealand TV said the international community is closely watching developments of China's two annual conferences at a time when the global economy is undergoing a big recession.     As a result of China's plan to expand its domestic demands and a series of the Chinese government's economic stimulus packages, quite a few stock markets have rebounded in the past two days, the TV report said.     Premier Wen asked Chinese enterprises to consolidate their market shares in the traditional export destinations and do their utmost to explore the emerging markets, under a circumstance that global demands have been falling drastically and against a backdrop that trade protectionism is re-emerging, Interfax reported.     Wen encouraged Chinese small- and medium-sized enterprises to cultivate name brands for export, it said.     China is a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion. It must maintain a reasonable pace of economic growth to raise the employment rate both in urban and rural areas, increase people's incomes and safeguard social stability, another Russian news agency said.     World Daily, the biggest Chinese newspaper in the Philippines, said in an editorial that the annual NPC meeting is being held when the global financial storm is hitting every corner of the world. Nearly 3,000 deputies will discuss national policies and put forward feasible suggestions.     China's economic development this year will have an important effect on its growth in coming years. Therefore the deputies attending the critical meeting shoulder great responsibilities, the daily said.

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BEIJING, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- A new entry in government-issued press cards, to be added later this month, might help many Chinese reporters persuade tight-lipped officials to talk.     The entry will say: "The governments at all levels should facilitate the reporting of journalists who hold this card and provide necessary assistance."     "Without a proper reason, government officials must not refuse to be interviewed," said Zhu Weifeng, a senior official with the General Administration of Press and Publication.     Many considered this a positive signal that the authorities welcomed supervision from the media.     The new press card statement followed a regulation on the disclosure of government information, effective last May, which was the first government rule safeguarding citizens' right to be informed.     "Media and public supervision are among the arrangements the country is making to control the power of the state and protect civil rights," said Li Yunlong, a human rights expert at the Institute for International Strategies of the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).     "How to prevent state power from infringing on civil rights is a very important issue in human rights protection," Li said.     This week, the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva conducted its first review of China's human rights record, and it acknowledged the country's efforts in human rights protection.     The country took a long and winding road to acceptance of the concept of "civil rights" but was headed in the right direction, Li said. "I have seen a trend toward increasing supervision of the authorities and more restrictions on their power."     Mo Jihong, a research follow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, saw the same trend in legislation. "The changes in the Constitution were obvious," said Mo.     China's first three Constitutions, issued respectively in 1954,in 1975 and 1978, all had a chapter on the fundamental rights and duties of citizens. But none of those versions defined "citizen," which affected the implementation of these items, he said.     The current Constitution, adopted in 1982, closed this loophole and put the chapter on citizens' rights before that of the structure of the state, he said.     "It showed the country acknowledged that the state derived its legitimacy through protecting citizens' rights, rather than by giving rights to citizens."     In 2004, an amendment to the Constitution added an article stating that the state respects and preserves human rights.     "Through the amendments, the Constitution gave more responsibility to state organs to protect civil rights," Mo said.     The country has also adopted laws to restrict the exercise of state power. In 1990, the law on litigation against the administration provided the first way for the common people to sue government departments.     Further, the law on legislation, adopted in 2000, included an article stating that only laws can limit personal freedom. This had the effect of barring any authority, except the legislature, from issuing regulations or rules to limit personal freedom.     "But the implementation of laws remained a problem," Mo said. "The authorities who enforce the laws should be carefully watched."     Li noted that China's unique culture played a role. Traditionally, Chinese seldom talk about "rights" but instead stress the concept of people's obedience to the society.     "Civil right is a concept borrowed from the West. That's why it will take time to make everyone aware of it, especially those holding power," he said.     "But we should not give up because we don't have such a tradition," he said. "China does not need to make itself a Western nation but can explore its own way based on its own culture and reality," he said.     Last year, in the wake of an increasing number of protests nationwide, the government launched a campaign requiring officials to talk with citizens and consider their requests regularly. The move proved to be an effective way to ease public anger and reduce misunderstanding.     A trial program to invite independent inspectors to detention houses in northeast Jilin Province also received acclaim as an innovation in this field.     The two-year program ended late last year. The 20 independent inspectors, who were teachers, doctors, businessmen and community workers, examined conditions in these detention houses and examined their records so as to ensure that custody procedures were in line with the law and detainees were not treated inhumanely.     "The concept of 'putting people first' raised by the present CPC leadership can be regarded as an effort to respect and protect civil rights," Li said.

BEIJING, April 12 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government's proposals for strengthening cooperation with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) show that China remains fully confident about the prospects of China-ASEAN cooperation.     During a meeting in Beijing with envoys of the 10 ASEAN countries, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi briefed them about the Chinese government's proposals for enhancing China-ASEAN cooperation in an all-round way. Yang has just returned home from Thailand late Saturday where scheduled ASEAN meetings were postponed due to domestic unrest in that country. Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi (C) meets with envoys of 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), in Beijing, capital of China, on April 12, 2009.China's proposals for strengthening its cooperation with ASEAN include the signing of an investment agreement. The agreement, which was scheduled to be signed during the scheduled meetings, would be conducive to the establishment of the China-ASEAN free trade area.     This demonstrates that that the series of relevant measures China has already decided to adopt will remain unchanged and that China has full confidence in the future of China-ASEAN friendly cooperation, despite the postponement of ASEAN meetings.     Strengthening and deepening cooperation is the common wish of the two sides, and is also an important avenue for fighting protectionism and enhancing their ability to resist risks in the current economic circumstances.     As close neighbors, China and ASEAN countries have enjoyed increased cooperation in various areas. In the face of the global financial crisis, it has become the consensus of both sides that they should work together to ride out the present difficulties.     Expanded cooperation between China and ASEAN will help augment their ability to tackle the crisis.     Making joint efforts to push for the signing of an investment agreement displays the determination of both sides to promote trade and investment liberalization, fight protectionism and achieve a win-win result.     Furthermore, the China-ASEAN free trade area, to be completed in 2010, will play an important and profound role in further strengthening China-ASEAN relations and boosting cooperation in the whole of East Asia.     China and ASEAN countries are close and friendly neighbors. The key to continued development of bilateral relations lies in mutual trust, confidence and unremitting efforts.     Only with that can the two sides enjoy solid cooperation and join hands in achieving sustainable development.

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BEIJING, March 8 (Xinhua) -- Yu Xiuli, a victim of domestic violence, can turn to police for help if her husband continues to beat her thanks to a regulation which came into effect on Sunday.     The 40-year-old woman in eastern Shandong Province has been bearing the cursing and beating of her husband for years, but has never thought of asking police for help.     "I believed it was not the business of police to stop domestic violence so I has never thought of alerting police," said Yu.     But from Sunday women like Yu could alert police if they fall victim to domestic violence according to a regulation of the province that came into effect Sunday.     Many provinces in China have set up police centers to handle household violence after a national regulation that was issued in September last year requiring police to be dispatched whenever they receive a 110 emergency call regarding household violence.     According to the All-China Women's Federation, domestic violence poses a severe threat to women's rights in China with the authorities receiving about 50,000 complaints annually.     In fact, women in China have had more channels to protect their rights and interests.     On Saturday, a hot line - 12338 for protection of women's rights was opened in eastern Zhejiang Province. The hot line was set up to provide legal help for women, including migrant workers, in Zhejiang.     The Zhejiang provincial women's federation said the province has had 280,000 volunteers and 25,000 community or village centers for women rights protection.     The issuing of a regulation to prevent and curb household violence has been put on the agenda of the provincial legislature this year, it said.     In Beijing, the Chaoyang District People's Court opened a hot line for protection of rights and interests of women and children on Wednesday. The line was the first among the capital's court system.     The hot line will offer legal aid to women and children.     "The whole society has been attaching increasing attention to the protection of women's rights in marriage, employment and family life in recent years," said Shi Yan, a judge of the court.     The court set up a collegial panel specially for women and children in December 2007. Similar panels have also been set up in courts of other provinces across the country to better protect women's rights.