大众科学10期目录

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BEIJING, Nov. 27 (Xinhua) -- Days after the United States announced to cut its carbon dioxide emissions by 17 percent from 2005 levels by 2020, China promised to slice carbon intensity in 2020 by 40 to 45 percent compared with 2005 levels.     The respective policy movements of both China and the U.S., the biggest two emitters in the world, won global attention, if not instant applause. The early signs of the concerted efforts could be sensed after the two countries, the biggest developed and developing economies, released a joint statement on Nov. 17 during U.S. President Barack Obama's first China visit.     The two sides, according to the joint statement, had a "constructive and fruitful dialogue" on the issue of climate change.     It also said that the two sides were determined, in accordance with their respective national conditions, to take important mitigation actions.     The policy announcements from the two countries came just as the international community was worried about a possible stalemate at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December in Copenhagen, Denmark.     Although not required by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol for quantitative greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions cut, China, defined by the United Nations as a developing country, still puts a drastic slash of its GHGs emissions in the coming ten years, even at cost of lowering its own economic development speed.     Economists estimated that China might double its current gross domestic product (GDP) by 2020. A 45-percent reduction of carbon emissions per unit of GDP means China would emit slightly more carbon dioxide than current levels.     At the same time, the Chinese government voluntarily set "the binding goal," which is to be incorporated into China's mid- and long-term national social and economic development plans.     It's much more than a developing nation is expected to offer, out of responsibility of and sincerity to addressing the common challenge faced by the international community.     Held by the UNFCCC accountable for contributing most of the total global carbon dioxide emissions, which were assumed to warm the planet and consequently result in natural disasters, many industrialized countries dodged their responsibilities of cutting emissions to levels that meet requirements of the Kyoto Protocol and the Bali Roadmap.     The United States, in spite of announcing a meaningful emissions cut of 17 percent, still lags far behind what the UNFCCC requires developed countries to behave.     In the Sino-U.S. joint statement, the two sides were committed to reach a legal agreement at the Copenhagen conference, which includes emissions reduction targets of developed countries and appropriate mitigation actions of developing countries on the basis of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.     The U.S. and China also agreed substantial financial assistance to developing countries on technology development, promotion and transfer, which was largely invalid in the past years.     As China takes the lead to exemplify how a developing country, with the world's biggest population, could do to a better future of the world, it is now the developed world's turn to show their sincere care for a greener Earth.

BEIJING, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- Diplomats from the European Union (EU) member states on Tuesday spoke highly of China's recent promise on its greenhouse gas emissions reduction.     "We welcome that national objective of China," EU ambassador to China Serge Abou said at a press conference in response to related questions.     China, as the biggest developing nation, set a good example for the international efforts in emissions reduction, he noted.     China announced on Nov. 26 that it would reduce the intensity of its carbon dioxide emissions per GDP unit in 2020 by 40 to 45 percent from the 2005 level.     Swedish Ambassador to China Mikael Lindstrom, whose country currently holds the rotating EU presidency, told Xinhua that he and his country "have a lot of respect for the series of efforts" that china has made.     "The climate change is really a serious global crisis, we cannot fall into a zero-sum game," he said, noting that "we hope it will be win-win, but if we don't do anything it will be lose-lose".     As the hosting nation of the Copenhagen climate change conference, Denmark's diplomat Soren Jacobsen welcomed Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's attendance to the upcoming meeting.     China's announcement of its emissions cut promise "is positive", said Soren Jacobsen, Deputy Head of Mission and Minister Counsellor of the Danish embassy to China.     Jacobsen hoped that an agreement would be reached at Copenhagen.     The diplomats from EU's all member states gathered here at the press conference to mark that the Treaty of Lisbon came into effect on Dec. 1.     As stipulated in the Treaty, the Delegation of the European Commission to China was renamed the Delegation of the European Union to China on Tuesday.

BEIJING, Jan. 7 -- China's central bank Wednesday said it will manage inflation expectations and keep a close watch on the property market through its credit and money supply policies.     In a statement on its website, the People's Bank of China (PBOC) said it would try to maintain ample liquidity in the financial system, and ask banks to lend more evenly, while strictly implementing credit policies in the property sector.     The nation will also take steps to rein in fast-rising property prices and strengthen credit controls for the sector, according to Housing and Urban-Rural Development Minister Jiang Weixin. A customer checking out a model of a real estate project in Shenzhen, Guangdong province. Property prices in China's 70 major cities rose at the fastest pace in 16 months in November    "We should scrap or adjust local property policies launched last year that no longer comply with the current macroeconomic goals," Jiang said.     According to Dong Chen, director of the research institute of Southwest Securities, the government moves on real estate policies indicate that while policymakers are striving to cement the economic rebound, they are also serious in curbing the excessive liquidity in the financial system to allay fears of asset bubbles and inflation.     Property prices in China's 70 major cities rose at the fastest pace in 16 months in November, fueling concern that record lending and inflows of capital from abroad are building up asset bubbles.     "Credit policy is the key to curb the rising property prices, as it would have a direct impact on transaction volumes," said Su Xuejing, an analyst with Changjiang Securities.     "We anticipate more policy tightening in the future like increasing the down payment and mortgage rates for second-home buyers," he said.     Shanghai Securities News said on Tuesday that the government plans to expand trials of a real estate tax, citing an unidentified person close to the State Administration of Taxation.     The anticipated policy changes have also affected the capital market performance of leading realtors. Shares of China Vanke Co, the country's largest listed property developer, have fallen more than 12 percent in the past month on concerns that the measures to cool the property market would impact earnings. Poly Real Estate Group Co, the second largest real estate firm, also saw its shares fall to a four-month low.     Meanwhile, a report from UK real estate service provider Savills said that the tighter credit policies and soaring realty prices have spurred property sales by international investors. Many of the investors had acquired the properties several years back and have been able to get handsome returns now, it said.     "Sales by foreign investors increased from 7 percent in 2008 to 20 percent in 2009," said the report.

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ZHENGZHOU, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao has urged to establish and improve the mechanism of democratic self-governance of villages that can both secure the Communist Party's leadership and safeguard villagers' rights.     In a recent written instruction, Hu called on local officials to make efforts to improve the grassroot governance mechanism in rural areas in line with the basic conditions of the country.     Other leaders including Vice President Xi Jinping have also made similar instructions.     In a meeting on Tuesday in Zhengzhou, capital of central China's Henan Province, Li Yuanchao, head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, urged officials to study the leaders' instructions.     The building of grassroot governance organizations in rural areas must be strengthened, and the village-level democracy and self-government mechanism must be further improved, Li said.

BEIJING, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- China and the United States agreed here Tuesday to further collaboration to jointly research in the health sector and in the control of diseases, especially pandemics, according to a joint statement issued after the talks between Chinese President Hu Jintao and visiting U.S. President Barack Obama.     The joint research will include that on stem cells. Both sides will deepen cooperation on global public health issues, including the prevention, surveillance, reporting and control of the A/H1N1 influenza, avian influenza, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, said the statement.     The two sides will also enhance cooperation on food and product safety and quality, it added.

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BEIJING, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Xiao Wu, now a student at Oxford University, recalls her life in Britain started off with "depression" six years ago in a renowned board school.     Fresh from China, the reality of the new country failed to meet her expectations.     "I was disappointed to find many of my British classmates just spent plenty of time on parties, instead of study," Xiao Wu says, a straight-A student in China, who struck her teachers and peers as "extraordinarily diligent."     It has taken her long to come to terms with the fact that British students just could be academically excellent as well without "excess hardworking" that was often held dear by their Chinese peers, she says.     "It seems that they could better balance school work and entertainment than most of us," she says.     But for younger Chinese, such culture shock is much less likely as they increasingly share a common international culture and make friends abroad.     Ding Kaiyan, 15, recalls making friends with Ayumi Saito during the latter's school excursion in China in August, 2008.     "We are both veteran players of Popcart (a popular racing game designed in South Korea), fans of NEWS (a Japanese boy band), and lovers of literature," she says. "Although I had not fully mastered Japanese, we hit it off at our first meeting."     One year later, Ding called on Ayumi Saito in Japan's Toyama Prefecture. Before her trip, Ding had glimpsed Japanese pop culture and customs through her Japanese teacher, Matsushita Hiroshi, and on the Internet.     Ding is one of dozens of students at the Northeast Yucai School, in the northeastern Liaoning Province, who have traveled to Japan to meet children their own age over the past six years.     "Globalization is a buzzword for scholars, but for children it just means how they live their lives," said Professor Shi Jinghuan, executive dean of the Institute of Education of the Tsinghua University.     Their favorite foods, clothes and pop stars and cartoon characters can come from any corner of the world, and many of them start to speak English at kindergarten, she says. "That may explain how they develop familiarity.     "The media, especially the Internet, have presented children all over the world with a colorful global village, and brought them closer," she says. "As long as you want to know, the information is at your fingertips."     Shi Junhao, 10, a fifth-grader at Beijing Fangcaodi International School, has just finished a six-week school trip to the U.K. with eight other students.     He made friends with Oliver after establishing that they shared a lot in common. "We were partners on the basketball court, and we both like U.S. President Obama," he says.     In the past four years, about 400 students from Fangcaodi International School have traveled abroad and more than 3,000 others had contact with foreign peers, says Yang Yuan, a teacher at the school. "Our children have shown strong interest in knowing more about the rest of the world."     "For toddlers, smiles and eye contact are enough to initiate friendship," says Cindy Li, a teacher at the SMIC School and Kindergarten in Shanghai, which has 1,800 students from 22 countries and regions, and about 100 foreign teachers.     Respect for other cultures and smashing stereotypes are crucial steps for nurturing open minds in children, says Professor Shi Jinghuan.     Understanding, respect and tolerance can cement friendships between children from all ethnic groups, says Shi.     "Children should know that being different isn't bad."

BRISBANE, Australia, Oct. 31 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang said here Saturday that China and Australia can lift their bilateral relationship to a new level through a strengthened dialogue and increased cooperation between the two trading partners.     Li spoke during a meeting with Anna Bligh, the premier of Australia's state of Queensland.     The vice premier said that during his visit to Australia a consensus was reached to enhance the Chinese-Australian friendship, to deepen mutual beneficial cooperation, and to respect and care for each other's core interests and important concerns.     He also said the two sides released a joint declaration and signed a number of cooperation agreements. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (R) meets with Premier of Australia's State of Queensland Anna Bligh in Brisbane Oct. 31, 2009    Meanwhile, China has attached great importance to friendly cooperation with the state of Queensland, said Li, adding that exchanges and cooperation between the two sides have developed rapidly in recent years.     China, Li said, is willing to work with Queensland to push bilateral exchanges and cooperation to a higher level in a variety of sectors, including investments, agriculture, mining, clean energy, environmental protection and technology.     Meanwhile, Bligh said Queensland has established a long-term and fruitful relationship with China and noted that this year marks the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the state's sister-city relations with China's Shanghai City.     All circles in Queensland support development of the Australia-China friendly and cooperative relationship, Bligh said.     Queensland, she said, stands ready to promote cooperation with China in such fields as trade, technology, education, science and research, culture and tourism.     Bligh also said she will head a state delegation that will attend the Shanghai Expo in 2010 and expects the event to be a great success.

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PAPEETE, French Polynesia, Nov. 21 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor, Jia Qinglin, met with French High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia Adolphe Colrat here on Friday. Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), arrived at the South Pacific island Friday afternoon for a technical stopover amid his four-state trip. Jia Qinglin(1st L), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, is welcomed by French High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia Adolphe Colrat (C) and French Polynesia President Oscar Temaru (1st R) upon his arrival in Papeete, capital of French Polynesia, Nov. 20, 2009. Jia Qinglin arrived at the South Pacific island Nov. 20 for a technical stopover on his way to Peru    Recently, China-France relations have returned to the right track and showed a sound momentum of development, Jia told Colrat, who welcomed the top Chinese political advisor at the airport. Jia Qinglin (L), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, is welcomed by representatives of overseas Chinese upon his arrival in Papeete, capital of French Polynesia, Nov. 20, 2009. Jia Qinglin arrived at the South Pacific island Nov. 20 for a technical stopover on his way to Peru. Chinese President Hu Jintao and French President Nicolas Sarkozy held a successful meeting in September on the sidelines of the U.N. General Assembly in New York, and French Prime Minister Francois Fillon is expected to visit China soon, Jia said.     The two nations are facing new opportunities to further improve and develop their relations, he added.     The Chinese government has attached great importance to its friendly relations with France, and will work with France to ensure that bilateral ties will develop along the right direction, he said.     China is willing to make joint efforts with France to promote the long-term, steady and sound development of China-France all-round strategic partnership based on the principles that the two countries respect each other and treat each other on an equal footing, he added.     Jia hailed the traditional link between China and the French Polynesia, pledging to keep close contact and expand cooperation in the fields of trade, tourism and aquaculture.     Colrat, on his part, spoke highly of France-China relations, saying the solid and long-standing bilateral ties will continue to grow despite all difficulties and setbacks.     He vowed to enhance cooperation with China, expand exchanges between the two peoples and push forward the bilateral ties.     Jia flew here from

SHANGHAI, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- U.S. President Barack Obama said here Monday the U.S.-China cooperation enables both countries to be more prosperous and more secure and that young people are the best ambassadors.     Obama had a dialogue with 500-strong Chinese college students Monday afternoon in the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, a highlighted activity in the first stop of his four-day maiden trip to China since taking office in January.     He covered a wide range of topics, notably the outlook of Sino-U.S. cooperation and youth exchanges between the two countries, while delivering opening remarks and answering questions from the students and Chinese Internet users.     POSITIVE SINO-U.S. TIES     Obama said China is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promises of the future and that the same can be said of the relationship between the two countries. The Shanghai Communiqué signed 37 years ago opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between the governments and the people of the two countries, he said.     "Today we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time: economic recovery, development of clean energy, stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the surge of climate change, and the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe," Obama said.     "We have seen what is possible when we build on our mutual interests and engage on the basis of mutual respect."     The success of that engagement depends on understanding, on sustaining an open dialogue and learning about one another and from one another, he said.     "Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulties. But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined," Obama said, noting that the two countries "share much in common" while they are "different in certain ways."     He said one country's success need not come at the expense of another.     "That is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise; on the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations, a China that draws on the rights, strengths and creativity of individual Chinese like you," Obama said to the students.     YOUNG PEOPLE BEST AMBASSADORS     Obama announced in his speech that the United States would further expand its youth exchanges with China by increasing the number of students studying in China to 100,000.     "These exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help us determine the destiny of the 21st century," he said.     He said young people in China and U.S. are the best ambassadors and that cooperation between the countries should go beyond the governments.     "I believe strongly that cooperation must grow beyond our government. It must be rooted in our people, in the studies we share, in the business we do, in the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports we play, and these bridges must be built by men and women just like you, and your counterparts in America," Obama said.     "I am absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people, for they just like you are filled with talent, energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.     "So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation between our two nations and the world," Obama said.     "If there is one thing we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward," Obama said in his speech.