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BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- U.S. political rhetoric has recently been obsessed with the exchange rate of the renminbi. President Barack Obama has indicated on several occasions that he would take a tougher stance on this issue in order to address trade imbalances between his country and China.But does the renminbi hold the key to this issue? What are the backstage calculations behind those demands from Washington?RENMINBI A WRONG TARGETWhile addressing Democratic senators early this month, Obama said the issue of renminbi exchange rate must be addressed to ensure that American products will not be put into a huge competitive disadvantage given the fact that China is going to be one of America's biggest markets.In an interview with Businessweek on Feb. 10, Obama said he and Chinese leaders are going to have some "very serious negotiations" on the renminbi issue.Supporters of Obama include economists such as Gary Hufbauer, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Those experts say China's huge trade surplus is a result of an undervalued renminbi. Appreciation of the Chinese currency, in their view, would re-balance China's international trade.However, the validity of such argument is questionable.The Japanese yen, for example, has been appreciated enormously against the U.S. dollar over the past 40 years. Yet Japan's trade surplus with the United States has been continuously on the increase over the same period.The case with the Japanese yen has clearly demonstrated that international payment is not necessarily entirely linked to currency exchange rates. International trade balance is rather determined by international division of labor and product competitiveness.Stephen King, chief economist of the HSBC bank, said it is unreasonable to simply attribute China's big trade surplus to an undervalued currency. China's high savings rate is a more important factor in this respect, he told Xinhua.Nobel Prize laureate Andrew Michael Spence shared King's argument."Reducing the surplus in China involves deep structural change, much as reducing the U.S. deficits does. China's high savings are embedded in the structure of the economy," Spence wrote in Jan. 21's Financial Times.Without structural change, an appreciation of the renminbi might well lead to continued high savings and slow economic growth in China, rather than to a reduction of China's trade surplus, he wrote.International Monetary Fund (IMF) chief economist Olivier Blanchard believes that renminbi appreciation is not a solution for the U.S. economy.According to an IMF model, the American GDP will grow by 1 percent when the renminbi appreciates by 20 percent and other major Asian currencies also appreciate by a similar margin, he told Xinhua."This would be good news for U.S. growth. But this is clearly not enough, by itself to sustain growth in the United States," said Blanchard.World Bank chief economist and Vice President Justin Yifu Lin also said that the appreciation of the renminbi will not solve the problem of trade imbalance between China and the United States. On the contrary, such a move might damage both economies.CHINA BASHING NOT HELPFULObama has frequently attacked China over the renminbi issue in recent months. His motives are thought-provoking.In an article titled "Obama bashes China in order to win midterm elections," Japanese weekly Choice pointed out that after one year in office, the U.S. president now faces a sharp drop in approval ratings, a double-digit unemployment ratio and the loss of Democratic "supermajority" in the Senate.Trying to win the midterm elections under such circumstances, Obama had moved toward a "China-bashing" policy since the end of last year, including imposing high tariffs on Chinese products and pressuring China on renminbi exchange rate.But the truth is China has become the largest victim of U.S. trade protectionism since the outbreak of the global financial crisis.According to statistics released by the United States International Trade Commission, there were roughly 50 trade remedy cases filed by the United States between January and November 2009, half of which targeted China.At the end of last year, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said in an exclusive interview with Xinhua that some foreign countries kept asking China to appreciate its currency while using various protectionist measures against China. Their real motive was to contain China's growth, he said.Wen reiterated that China will never yield to external pressures on the exchange rate issue.In essence, a country's exchange rate policy is a matter of sovereignty.During a meeting with a visiting delegation of U.S. Chamber of Commerce in May 2005, Wen made it clear that the reform of renminbi's exchange rate was a sovereign right of China, and that every country had the right to choose a foreign exchange system compatible to its own national conditions and a reasonable exchange rate level.Wen said China would obey the rules of a market economy, but would never give in under foreign pressure.Any foreign pressure or attempt to manipulate the issue via news media represented a politicization of economic issues, which was unhelpful, the premier added.George Gilder, founder of Discovery Institute, said that it is neither realistic nor helpful for the United States to raise the renminbi exchange rate issue again with China.Pieter Bottelier, former chief of the World Bank's Resident Mission in China, told Xinhua that China and the United States share broad common interests.A prosperous, stable and strong China is in the interests of the United States and vice versa, said Bottelier. The two nations need to settle their differences through various dialogue mechanisms, he added.In recent years, China has been making efforts to balance international. The renminbi has been steadily appreciated against the U.S. dollar and the euro.Between July 2005, when China began its renminbi exchange rate reform, and the end of 2009, the value of the renminbi has appreciated by 21.21 percent against the U.S. dollar and up by 2.21 percent against the euro.Under such circumstances, China has been the fastest growing export market for the United States in recent years.In 2009, U.S. exports to China amounted to 77.4 billion dollars, accounting for an increasingly larger share in the country's total exports.During the same period, U.S. trade deficits with China dropped by 16 percent year-on-year.In the Asian financial crisis of late 1990s, China won worldwide applause for keeping a stable exchange rate of the renminbi.In the ongoing global financial crisis, while the world's major currencies all lost value, China has remained committed to a responsible renminbi exchange rate policy and has made significant contributions to the recovery of the global economy.Many experts familiar to China-U.S. trade pointed out that in order to achieve trade balance, the United States should take positive and concrete steps, such as increasing hi-tech exports to China and allowing Chinese firms to acquire shares in U.S. financial and technology sectors.

BEIJING, March 5 (Xinhua) -- China budgets 1.05 trillion yuan (154.4 billion U.S. dollars) of fiscal deficit this year to support economic growth as government revenue will fall significantly short of expenditures, says a government work report to be delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the parliament's annual session Friday.The government vowed to keep the debt at "appropriate" level. The total deficit consists of 850 billion yuan in central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets, reads the report, which was distributed to the media before the opening of the Third Session of the 11th National People' s Congress (NPC). The Third Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) opens at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2010The government will continue to implement the policy of structural tax reductions to expand domestic demand and promote economic restructuring.It will also keep running the package plan for dealing with the global financial crisis, and increase spending to complete work on projects now under construction, improve people's well-being and maintain stability.According to calculation of the Ministry of Finance, the planned budget will take up about 2.8 percent of the GDP.China's fiscal deficit hit 950 billion yuan last year, a record high in six years, but still less than 3 percent of GDP.

VLADIVOSTOK, Russia, March 20 (Xinhua) -- China and Russia pledged here Saturday to further interregional cooperation with each other and signed a series of cooperation deals.Governor of Russia's Primorsky Territory Sergey Mikhaylovich Darkin and visiting Chinese Vice-President Xi Jinping met here and exchanged views on the development of bilateral ties and cooperation between neighboring regions of the two countries. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (R, front) shakes hands with Sergei Darkin, governor of Russia's Primorsky region, in Vladivostok, Russia, March 20, 2010Xi told Darkin making the Primorsky Territory the first leg of his Russian tour was to boost the interregional cooperation between China and Russia to a wider and deeper level, as agreed by leaders of both sides.Conditions were already mature for the development of interregional cooperation between the two countries, Xi said. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (3rd R, front) meets with Sergei Darkin (3rd L, front), governor of Russia's Primorsky region in Vladivostok, Russia, March 20, 2010While the settlement of border issues and the approval of a cooperation plan outline had laid a political and legal basis for cooperation, the strong will of working hand in hand by the government and enterprises on both sides was also making it possible, the Chinese leader said.Xi said, as both economies were developing quickly, he hoped China and Russia could seize the opportunity to obtain early achievements through interregional cooperation, and to realize the upgrading of the strategy for such cooperation to bring benefits to people living in the bordering areas.Darkin said the Primorsky Territory, as China's closest neighbour, had achieved in recent years closer trade and economic ties with China's northeast border region.The governor said Chinese companies were welcome to invest in the Primorsky Territory and to see it as a bridge for their products to reach Europe.He also expected both sides to further cooperation in such areas as agriculture, energy, finance and service industries.Later in the day, China and Russia signed 15 cooperation documents totalling 1.6 billion U.S. dollars covering economic, technological, energy and infrastructure cooperation.The agreements were signed after Xi held a meeting on strengthening China-Russia interregional cooperation, known as the symposium on China-Russia Ussuriysk economic and trade cooperation area.At the meeting, Xi heard reports given by top leaders from the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, China's Heilongjiang Province and Wenzhou City and Chinese enterprises.Xi said Russia's Far East area and China's northern frontier provinces were important trading partners and should enhance bilateral cooperation.This would not only promote economic and social development and improve the livelihoods of people in the neighboring regions, but also inject powerful energy into the development of the bilateral strategic cooperative partnership between the two countries, he said.Xi arrived in Vladivostok on Saturday for a five-day official visit to Russia. He will later travel to Belarus, Finland and Sweden.

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UNITED NATIONS, March 24 (Xinhua) -- China on Wednesday voiced its support for the international efforts to promote the Middle East peace process, saying it will continue to play a constructive role in working with the international community for durable, comprehensive and fair solution in the Middle East.The statement came as Li Baodong, the Chinese permanent representative to the United Nations, was speaking to reporters here after the UN Security Council met on the current situation in the Middle East.Li said that China is deeply concerned about the long-stalled peace process in the Middle East. "We believe that it's very important to restart the peace process," he said. Li Baodong, Chinese permanent representative to the United Nations, speaks to reporters after the UN Security Council met on the current situation in the Middle East at the UN headquarters in New York, the United States, March 24, 2010. China on Wednesday voiced its support for the international efforts to promote the Middle East peace process, saying it will continue to play a constructive role in working with the international community for durable, comprehensive and fair solution in the Middle East"In that regard, we support the efforts made by (UN) Secretary- general Ban Ki-moon for Quartet and other parties to bring back the peace process on track."It is of paramount importance now to all parties concerned is to refrain themselves from taking proactive actions, he said."In China, we will be playing very important and constructive role along with the international community and strive for durable, comprehensive and fair solution in the Middle East," he said.

BEIJING, Feb. 23 (Xinhua) -- Access to finance for China's small enterprises generally improved in 2009, but still was not good enough, said the country's top banking regulator on Tuesday.Outstanding loans to small Chinese enterprises added to 5.8 trillion yuan (849 billion U.S. dollars) as of the end of 2009, China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) said in a statement posted on its website.The figure accounted for 22 percent of total corporate loans by the end of last year, 1 percentage point higher than a year ago, said the CBRC.The CBRC data showed that the growth rate of new loans to small enterprises in 2009 was 5.5 percentage points higher than that of the total corporate lendings and 0.61 percentage higher than all lendings.China has set a target of keeping the growth rate of new small business loans higher than that of all loans in 2010, and the amount of new loans should be bigger than the previous year, said the CBRC."Small enterprises" in China refers to those with assets worth less than 10 million yuan or annual sales less than 30 million yuan, according to a CBRC document.Last December, China promised to help improve the financing mechanisms to help small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as they were worst hit by the financial crisis and have had difficulty securing loans as commercial lenders preferred state-owned enterprises and large key projects, as the risk was not as great.SMEs refers to enterprises whose annual business revenue is below 300 million yuan. But in retail and accommodation industry, the maximum annual business revenue is 150 million yuan for an SME.

BRUSSELS, March 22 (Xinhua) -- China welcomes the latest document issued by the European Union (EU) on climate change, but insists that the EU should raise its emission cut target to 30 percent by 2020, a visiting Chinese official said on Monday.Su Wei,chief negotiator of China for climate change talks in Copenhagen, told a press briefing here that China welcomed the communication the EU issued in earlier March,which elaborated the bloc's standpoints on climate change for the first time following the Copenhagen talks in December."China welcomed in general the EU's latest positions," which among others reaffirmed the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" undertaken by developing and developed countries in dealing with climate change, the Chinese official said.In the communication issued on March 9, the EU expresses its willingness to continue to play a leading role in fighting against climate change and reaffirms its commitment to reduce its greenhouse gases emissions by 20 percent by 2020 and to increase this reduction to 30 percent if "the conditions are right."However, Su told reporters that EU should and could raise its emission cut target to 30 percent by 2020 on the basis of 1990 if the bloc wanted to play a leading role in dealing with climate change.The move would put more pressure on the United States to put forward ambitious goals, the chief negotiator said.Su said he was visiting the EU headquarters with a Chinese delegation led by Xie Zhenhua, vice minister of the National Development and Reform Commission, to exchange views with his EU counterparts on climate change.China and the EU shared many common goals and interests, the two sides should work together to boost international negotiations on climate change, he said.World leaders are scheduled to meet later this year in the Mexican resort town of Cancun for another go at inking a legally- binding global accord on emission reductions after 2012.Su said that China hoped the meeting in Cancun can achieve positive and meaningful results and make further progress on the basis of the Copenhagen talks.

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UNITED NATIONS, Jan. 20 (Xinhua) -- The United Nations' top humanitarian official on Wednesday rejected as "insulting" and untrue reports about the Chinese search-and-rescue team in Haiti."I don't believe there is any truth in these accusations ... that the search-and-rescue teams favored international members of the community rather than Haitian nationals," John Holmes, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, told reporters at UN Headquarters."I think it was done in an overall fair way," he said.The Chinese team "did take the lead" in looking for the missing people in the Christopher Hotel and also looked elsewhere, he said."I really don't think that accusation of favoritism stands up at all," he said. "I think, frankly, it is insulting to the people who were doing that ... to suggest that.""As far as I know, they (the Chinese team) did an extremely effective job. They were present in large numbers in an early stage and rescued a significant number of people," he added.The Chinse rescue team's performance has won laud applause from UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.Ban, who arrived in Haiti on Sunday, spoke highly of the Chinese team's job.On behalf of the United Nations and the international community, Ban expressed his gratitude to the Chinese rescue team, who rushed to Haiti at the earliest time possible after the quake.On Tuesday, the Chinse Foreign Ministry also rejected accusations that the country's rescue team in Haiti searched only for Chinese nationals."The comment that the Chinese rescue team was only searching for Chinese nationals in Haiti is false and made out of ulterior motives," Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu told a regular briefing in Beijing.After a 7.3-magnitude earthquake devastated Haiti last Tuesday, China dispatched a rescue team of about 60 people to Port-Au-Prince, capital of the Caribbean nation.Ma said the team had found a number of bodies, including those of eight Chinese police officers, UN officers in Haiti and some others.The Chinese team had also set up a temporary clinic near Haitian Prime Minister's compound, treating a large number of injuried Haitian people.Huang Jianfa, leader of the Chinese international rescue team, said Tuesday that his team's rescue efforts in quake-hit Haiti have surpassed national boundaries."The principle of our work is to mobilize limited resources in the shortest possible time to carry out rescue operations in the most needed areas," Huang said during an interview with Xinhua.Huang said the Chinese team would continue to engage in frontline rescue work in the following days to help more people of Haiti and the world."This is the duty of China as a responsible big country toward the people of the world," he said.

YINCHUAN, March 23 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao has called for more efforts to promote social, economic development in the underdeveloped western areas of the country.Hu made the call during his three-day visit to northwestern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from Sunday to Tuesday.This year marks the tenth anniversary of China's campaign to develop the west.Hu said the past decade witnessed a good beginning of and laid a solid foundation for the "West Development" drive and the next decade would be a crucial period for pushing forward the campaign. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) visits Shizuishan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Hu Jintao called for more efforts to promote social, economic development in the underdeveloped western areas of the country during his three-day visit to northwestern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from March 21 to 23To develop the west would remain one of the priorities in the 12th five-year plan starting 2011, during which the central government would provide more favorable policies and greater funds to western areas, Hu said.He called for transforming the economic growth pattern, and improving people's livelihood, as he visited local factories, farms, renovated shanty-towns and new villages housing farmers that had migrated to from virtually uninhabitable areas.In his visit to a successful company which manufactures rare metal products, Hu said the central government attached strategic importance to developing the new material industry. He called on companies to innovate technology, produce new products and implement new management practices.

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TAIPEI, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee Hu Jintao's talk to Taiwan business people during his Spring Festival visit in Fujian Province delivered goodwill to Taiwan, media and scholars on the island said.Leading newspapers in Taiwan including the China Times and the United Daily News followed the developments of Hu's four-day inspection tour in Fujian, which faces Taiwan.Hu ended his tour on Feb. 15 after visiting Zhangzhou, Longyan and Xiamen and celebrated the Spring Festival, or the Lunar New Year, with local residents and Taiwan compatriots living in Fujian.Hu told Taiwan business people the mainland would try its best in everything that would benefit Taiwan compatriots, and "we will honor our words."Chinese President Hu Jintao (2nd L), who is also general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), talks with a businessman (1st L) from China's Taiwan Province, at the Zhangpu Pioneer Park of Taiwan farmers in Zhangzhou, east China's Fujian Province, Feb. 12, 2010He also said the negotiation on the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement between the mainland and Taiwan would "put into full consideration the interests of Taiwan compatriots, especially those of farmers."The China Times carried a commentary saying the message conveyed in Hu's speech to Taiwan business people was worth careful reading by Taiwan authorities.The online edition of the Central Daily News also released a commentary headlined "Hu Jintao celebrates Spring Festival in Fujian, delivers goodwill to Taiwan people."Hsu Wun-Pin, a renowned lawyer in Taiwan, said Hu's visit highlighted the role of culture and kinship in cross-Strait relations.Hsu's ancestors lived in Tong'an, now a district of the coastal city of Xiamen.Tamkang University prof. Chang Wu-yueh said Hu's choice of visiting Taiwan businessmen in cities that saw thriving cross-Strait exchanges during the most important traditional festival of the Chinese nation clearly displayed the mainland's high expectations of cross-Strait relations.

WASHINGTON, Feb. 27 (Xinhua) -- China remains the largest foreign holder of U.S. Treasury securities as at the end of December, the U.S. media reported on Saturday.The report quoted the new government data as saying that China held 894.8 billion dollars in Treasury securities at the end of December, more than 755 billion dollars that had been previously estimated.But the new report also showed China trimmed its holdings of U. S. debt by 34.2 billion U.S. dollars in December.The U.S. Treasury reported on Feb. 16 that Japan surpassed China as the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities in December. But the new estimate said Japan, now back in second place, held 765.7 billion dollars in December.Japan had been the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities until China gained that distinction in 2008."Purchase of Treasuries by China would reflect only purchases by an entity in China from an entity based in the U.S.," Stone & McCarthy Research Associates said in a recent client note."The Data would not pick up purchases done on behalf of Chinese investors by dealers in the U.K or Hong Kong, for example, nor would it pick up purchases of Treasuries by investors in China from investors based outside of the U.S.," it added.China defended its move to reduce its holdings of U.S. Treasury securities, saying the United States should take steps to promote confidence in U.S. dollar .Last week, when responding to questions on China's sale of U.S. Treasury securities in December, China's Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said the issue should be viewed from two perspectives.He said on the one hand, China always followed the principle of "ensuring safety, liquidity and good value" in managing its foreign exchange reserve. And when it came to how much and when China buys the bonds, the decision should be made taking into account the market and China's need, so as to realize rational deployment of China's foreign exchange property, he said.And on the other hand, the United States should take concrete steps to beef up the international market's confidence in the U.S. dollar, Qin said.The way to view the issue was similar to doing business, he said.