当代中国社会阶层研究报告

中国人文研究的再出发

BEIJING, Sept. 16 (Xinhua) -- Uygur farmer Hashim Dawut felt quite touched as he was guided into Premier Wen Jiabao's office at the Zhongnanhai leadership compound in downtown Beijing on Monday.     The 57-year-old man had been looking forward to the moment for more than five years. Premier Wen met Hashim Dawut for the first time in his village in Bachu county of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on March 28, 2003, when Wen was inspecting and directing relief work after an earthquake measuring 6.8 jolted Bachu and Jiashi counties, killing268 people on Feb. 24 that year. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L) hugs Dawut Haxim, a farmer of the Uygur ethnic group of Bachu County in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, during their meeting in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 14, 2009.     Hashim Dawut lost five loved ones in the earthquake, but still worked hard to save his fellow villagers. On hearing his story, Premier Wen paid a special visit to him. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L) meets with Dawut Haxim, a farmer of the Uygur ethnic group of Bachu County in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 14, 2009"You lost your family members in the quake, and now you are a family member of all the people in China, including me." No sooner had the Premier's words ended than warm tears welled up in Hashim Dawut's eyes.     Nearly a year later, early February in 2004, when Hashim Dawut went to Beijing to attend an awards ceremony honoring heroes who inspired the nation in 2003. He expressed his wish to meet Premier Wen, who gladly invited him to the Zhongnanhai compound. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (1st L) and Dawut Haxim, a farmer of the Uygur ethnic group of Bachu County in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, wave to each other as Dawut Haxim leaves after their meeting in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 14, 2009. Wen asked Hashim Dawut about the reconstruction of his village and asked him to come to the Zhongnanhai again.     China on Monday paid tribute to 100 heroes and model citizens who made outstanding contributions to the founding of New China and 100 more who have inspired the nation during the past six decades.     Hashim Dawut was one of the model citizens and was invited to the event in Beijing on Monday. Before he left for the capital, he wrote a letter to Premier Wen reading: "We have not seen each other for years, and as your younger brother, I miss you so much and want to take this opportunity to meet you again."     And Hashim Dawut was invited into Zhongnanhai again.     During their third meeting, they talked about the villagers' life, the growth of crops and a new rural medicare system for the farmers.     They also talked about the July 5 riot taking place in the regional capital Urumqi which killed nearly 200 people, mostly ethnic Han.     "The 'three forces' (separatism, terrorism and extremism) at home and abroad who incited the riots wanted to damage the brotherhood between the Uygurs and the Hans," said Wen. "And it was heartrending to see our people losing lives and properties in the riots."     "All of us felt grieved, and the bad guys were not willing to see the fact that we are living a happy life," Hashim Dawut responded.     "In Xinjiang, Uygurs and Hans are inseparable, and all the ethnic groups are inseparable, because we are a family," Wen said.     "And we should cherish the stability and development which did not come easy," he added.     "I will bring your words home," said Hashim Dawut. 

BEIJING, Oct.17 (Xinhua) -- China's civil aviation industry made profits of 9.1 billion yuan (about 1.33 billions U.S. dollars) in the first nine months of 2009, despite the punch by the financial crisis on the world's civil aviation industry, said the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) on Saturday.     Domestic air passenger traffic volume grew by 23.6 percent from a year earlier in first nine months of this year.     Performance of small airports, those that handle less than 1 million passengers annually, were most inspiring, said Li Jiaxiang, director with the CAAC, at the 2009 China International General Aviation Convention held in northwest China's Shaanxi Province on Saturday.     Li said that passenger volume of small airports grew 26.7 percent year on year to 14.87 million in the first half.     He contributed the vibrant performance of small airports and regional air routes to the more balanced economic development of China's different regions in recent years, which was the result of the country's strategies to develop the relatively poor western and central regions and to revive the old industrial base in northeastern regions.     Besides, the fact that Chinese people are becoming richer and CAAC's policies carried out last year to subsidize small and medium-sized airports and regional air routes also helped the passenger volume rise of small airports, said Li.     By the end of 2008, China had 116 small airports, accounting for 73 percent of the total number of the country's airports.

NANJING, Aug. 9 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao reaffirmed during the weekend that China would unwaveringly adhere to its moderately easy monetary policy in face of economic difficulties and challengesWen said China would maintain both its proactive fiscal and moderate monetary policies, and work on economic restructuring to strengthen recovery from the global downturn.     During a three-day inspection tour that ended Sunday in the eastern Jiangsu Province, one of China's economic powerhouses, Wen said China should focus on maintaining stable and rapid economic development and accelerating economic restructuring.     China's economy still faced hardships and challenges because of the gloomy international economic outlook, he said. With weakened external demand, Chinese enterprises faced significant overcapacity, while domestic demand was still restricted by various factors.     The impact of governmental stimulation of the economy would gradually lessen and long-term policies needed time to pay off, Wen said. Therefore, China's macroeconomic policy would not change.     The premier's remarks echoed a similar announcement made by a senior economic planning official Friday that overseas market conditions were still severe and the country's economic policy direction would remain unchanged.     Although the country's economy was showing signs of recovery, it still faced many difficulties in maintaining stability, said Zhu Zhixin, vice minister in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission.     On his third visit to Jiangsu since the global financial crisis hit, Wen also praised "better-than-expected" results in eliminating pollution from the country's third largest fresh water lake Taihu over the past two years, since a blue algae outbreak in 2007.     Wen was told that more than 3,000 small chemical plants surrounding the lake had been closed and about 1,000 new facilities had been installed to treat sewage from nearby villages into the lake.

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PYONGYANG, Sept. 17 (Xinhua) -- Kim Yong Nam, president of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), met with Dai Bingguo, Chinese state councilor and special envoy of Chinese President Hu Jintao, here Thursday to discuss relations between their two countries.     Kim asked Dai to convey his greetings to his Chinese counterpart, Wu Bangguo, and offered congratulations on the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.     Kim expressed his wish that the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, will continue the country's modernization drive.     Kim reiterated that it is the unshakable stand of the Worker's Party of Korea and the DPRK government to consolidate and further promote the traditional DPRK-China friendship.     He said the DPRK side would work with the Chinese side to push forward DPRK-China relations.     Dai conveyed Wu Bangguo's greetings, saying the Chinese government and the Chinese people treasured the friendship with the DPRK, and would strengthen the exchange and cooperation with the DPRK side to write together a new chapter of the friendship.     This year also marks the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between the two countries and has been named the Year of China-DPRK Friendship.     After the meeting, Dai and Kim watched the debut of the opera, "The Dream of the Red Chamber" at the Pyongyang Grand Theater. The opera, based on a Chinese classic, was staged first in the 1960s under the initiative and instruction of late DPRK president Kim IlSung.     The opera has been renovated and re-staged as a major event in the Year of China-DPRK Friendship. DPRK top leader Kim Jong Il has taken a strong interest in its development and has watched a rehearsal.

BEIJING, Aug. 17 (Xinhua) -- China's top legislator Wu Bangguo met here Monday with Speaker Luka Bebic of the Croatian Assembly, vowing to facilitate closer parliamentary exchanges and cooperation between both countries.     "China highly values its relations with Crotia, and regards the country as a reliable good friend and partner in southeast Europe," Wu told Bebic in Beijing. He vowed joint efforts with the country to cement bilateral exchanges in all fields to build better future for both sides. Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), hailed the progress of bilateral ties since the forging of diplomatic ties 17 years ago, citing frequent high-level visits, remarkable trade cooperation and increasing exchanges in cultural, technological and educational areas. Wu Bangguo (R), chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, meets with Croatian Parliament Speaker Luka Bebic in Beijing, capital of China, Aug. 17, 2009.    "The parliamentary cooperation between both sides had contributed to the development of an all-round cooperative partnership," Wu said, adding the Chinese NPC is ready to deepen exchanges between special committees and working groups of the two parliaments.     In response, Bebic told Wu the Croatian Assembly would like to cooperate closely with the Chinese NPC for greater progress of bilateral all-round cooperative partnership. He expected closer cooperation with China in the areas of trade, tourism and infrastructure construction.     Calling China a great friend of Croatia, Bebic said his country believed China had made great contribution to world peace and development by dealing with the global economic downturn in an active way, and maintaining relatively fast economic growth.     At Wu's invitation, Bebic arrived in Beijing on Sunday for a week-long tour to China.

BEIJING, July 23 (Xinhua) -- Internet researchers from China and Britain agreed at a forum in Beijing Thursday to enhance cooperation on maintaining a safe Internet environment for children.     The second China-U.K. Internet Roundtable-conference was held from Wednesday to Thursday.     The participants of the conference believed that the two governments and Internet enterprises from the two countries should work together to deal with the challenges brought about by online dangers to children.     They agreed it was necessary to strengthen the protection of young netizens from unhealthy information online, such as pornographic material or exposure to online predators.     Malcolm Hutty, head of public affairs of London Internet Exchange Ltd. said that there should be a "partnership approach" between government, parents and children's organizations responsible for advancing the rights for children.     Hutty said the government should create new protective laws.     "There is a big role for Internet industry ... in raising the awareness and providing ... educational messages about how to protect children," Hutty said, adding that there were responsibilities around ensuring that services aimed at children were made safe for them, particularly in chatrooms and social networking.     Susan Daley of Symantec suggested teaching children good cyber-skills in schools.     Hu Qiheng, chairwoman of the Internet Society of China (ISC), said that it was the responsibility of the government, parents and schools to safeguard the rights of young netizens.     Internet enterprises should also provide technological support to parents in installing protective software, she said.     According to the China Internet Network Information Center, by the end of 2008, about 108 million Chinese Internet users were under 19 years old.

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WASHINGTON, July 27 (Xinhua) -- The China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED), the first of its kind between the world's biggest developing country and biggest developed country, opened here on Monday.     On behalf of Chinese President Hu Jintao and invited by U.S. President Barack Obama, Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan and State Councilor Dai Bingguo participated in the opening ceremony in Ronald Reagan Building in downtown Washington, D.C..     In a congratulatory message to the opening ceremony of the dialogue read by Wang, Chinese President Hu Jintao said that both China and the United States shoulder important responsibilities on a host of major issues concerning peace and development of mankind.     As two countries with significant influence in the world, China and the United States also enjoy extensive common interests and broad space for cooperation, Hu said.     China and the United States, in the face of the complex and changing international economic and political situation, should endeavor to expand common ground, reduce differences, enhance mutual trust and strengthen cooperation through the Strategic and Economic Dialogue, he said. U.S. President Barack Obama (1st L) greets Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan (1st R) and State Councilor Dai Bingguo (Rear) before addressing the opening ceremony of the China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) in Washington, the United States, July 27, 2009."This serves the common interests of the two sides and will help advance the positive, cooperative and comprehensive relationship between our two countries," said the Chinese leader in the message.     "It is also of great importance for peace, stability, development and prosperity of the whole world," he added.     Hu expressed his confidence that "with the concerted efforts of both teams, the S&ED mechanism will keep improving and growing and inject new dynamism and make new contribution to our mutually beneficial cooperation in various areas and to the growth of our positive, cooperative and comprehensive relationship."     Addressing the opening session of the dialogue, President Obama stressed the importance of cooperation between the United States and China,saying that the U.S.-China relationship "will shape the 21st century."     He hailed the dialogue as an "essential step forward "in advancing a positive and comprehensive relationship between the two countries. Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan delivers a speech during the opening ceremony of the China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) in Washington, the United States, July 27, 2009. "Our countries have now shared relations for longer than we were estranged. Our people interact in so many ways. And I believe that we are poised to make steady progress on some of the most important issues of our times," he said.     Obama will meet with the Chinese delegation after the session.     In her opening remarks, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton extended her warm welcome to the Chinese delegation, noting that the two nations were "laying brick by brick the foundation for a stronger relationship."

URUMQI, July 22 (Xinhua) -- A key expressway in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region began construction on Wednesday in a move to improve the region's road network and serve its economic development.     The 135-km expressway will link Kuytun City to Karamay City. The project, funded by the central government and Xinjiang regional government, will cost 3.87 billion yuan (about 567 million U.S. dollars).     The road is bidirectional with four lanes. It will be completed and put into use in November 2011.     Dai Gongxing, vice chairman of the Xinjiang regional government, said at the groundbreaking ceremony in Kuytun that the expressway, also part of the national expressway network, would improve the regional transport and promote local economic development.

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BEIJING, Aug. 14 (Xinhua) -- Premier Wen Jiabao on Friday urged young Chinese and Africans to remember the traditional friendship and work together to promote Sino-African relations.     "I hope young people from China and African countries will learn from each other and help each other, treat differences with an open mind, and contribute your wisdom and strength to building the strategic China-Africa partnership," Wen said.     He made the remarks while addressing the opening ceremony of the third China-Africa Youth Festival and a farewell ceremony for young Chinese volunteers departing for Africa. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R, front) shakes hands with an African young man attending the opening ceremony of the third China-Africa Youth Festival in Beijing, capital of China, Aug. 14, 2009. Wen on Friday attended the opening ceremony of the third China-Africa Youth Festival and a farewell ceremony for young Chinese volunteers departing for Africa.    The festival, originally proposed by Wen at the second China-Africa Cooperation Ministerial Conference in Ethiopia in December 2003, has become a platform for China-Africa exchanges.     "Young people bear the hope of a nation and they also shoulder the future of a friendly China-Africa relationship," Wen said, expressing his hope young people would fulfill their historic responsibilities and create better conditions for friendship development.     The Chinese government decided in 2006 to send 300 young volunteers to Africa to work in medical, agricultural, sports and educational field.     Wen encouraged the volunteers to serve the African people with their knowledge and skills, win their friendship and trust, and learn from them.     More than 750 guests, including youth delegates from 49 African countries, attended the ceremony.

BEIJING, Oct. 14 (Xinhua) -- China on Wednesday proposed closer cooperation among members of a regional security group to tackle the world economic recession.     "Confronted with the global financial crisis and aiming at a steady economic growth, member states of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) should work together and seek mutual benefit," Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang told a SCO business forum in Beijing.     The SCO was founded in 2001 to enhance security cooperation among its six member states, namely, China, Russia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. Mongolia, India, Iran and Pakistan are observers to the regional group. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang attends a business forum of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in Beijing, capital of China, Oct. 14, 2009    "Despite the world financial crisis, the trade volume between China and some SCO member states has been growing over the past year," Li said.     "The crisis didn't shake up the foundation for SCO states' cooperation. Instead, it offered more opportunities for them to work together," Li said, citing the fact that SCO members are complementary in economies and have an increasingly-connected market.     Although the total population and territories of SCO member states amounted to a quarter and one fifth of the world's total, their overall economic scale and trade volume made up only the world's 11 percent or 10 percent respectively, Li said.     "Thus, there is a huge potential for SCO member states to expand economic and technology cooperation," Li said.     He called for SCO member states to carry out the joint actions to deal with the global slump and accelerate the process of trade and investment liberalization.     He proposed promoting the projects that involved and benefited multiple parties, building infrastructure networks of transportation, communications and energy.     It was necessary to step up cooperation in modern agriculture, emerging industries, high-tech and social welfare so as to benefit the people, Li said.     He vowed that China will unswervingly pursue the path of peaceful development, take a more active part in SCO affairs, fully participate in regional economic and regional cooperation in a bid to work for the welfare of 1.5 billion people within the SCO member states.     The business forum was an important event under the framework of the eighth SCO prime ministers' meeting, which took place on Wednesday.